文化差異對國際直接投資網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-31 22:08
【摘要】：國際直接投資是一種在不同文化主體之間進行的經(jīng)濟活動，文化無疑是影響國家直接投資的重要因素，相關(guān)的學(xué)者已就文化差異對國際直接投資的區(qū)位選擇、進入模式和跨國公司海外子公司績效等影響進行了相關(guān)的研究。與此同時，資本在全球范圍內(nèi)的流動，加強了國家間的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系，使得全世界的國際直接投資關(guān)系呈現(xiàn)出一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)形態(tài)。然而，已有的文獻都尚未從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層面上就文化差異對國際直接投資的影響進行研究。為此，本文試圖彌補此方面的不足，專門就文化差異對國際直接投資網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響展開分析。 本文首先闡述了文化的內(nèi)涵，著重從其核心部分—價值觀對文化差異進行界定后，綜合比較三種不同的價值觀理論后，采用Hofstede文化五維度的得分分析了當(dāng)今國家間的文化差異情況，各民族依然保存著特有的價值觀，國家間依然存在明顯的文化差異。同時，利用復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析方法對2006年至2008年國家間的直接投資數(shù)據(jù)進行網(wǎng)絡(luò)建模，分別構(gòu)建國際直接投資網(wǎng)絡(luò)及加權(quán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，分析其結(jié)構(gòu)特征和中國的地位。分析結(jié)果表明，國際直接投資網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有小世界特征和核心-邊緣結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是無標(biāo)度網(wǎng)絡(luò)；大部分國家的直接投資額比較小，只有當(dāng)直接投資額達到一定水平后，國家間的差異性才明顯的表現(xiàn)出來，即國際直接投資加權(quán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)也不具有無標(biāo)度特征；國際直接投資網(wǎng)絡(luò)受到了次貸危機的影響，而中國在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的地位則有所提升。之后，文章進一步指出了文化與國際直接投資網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)特征和主體地位之間的聯(lián)系。 鑒于此，本文在基于交易費用理論分析了國家間文化差異會增加跨國企業(yè)的信息成本、談判費用等交易費用，進而影響企業(yè)的對外直接投資的區(qū)位和規(guī)模選擇。通過模型分析得出，文化差異是通過影響交易費用來影響投資者的預(yù)期利潤，從而決定了投資者對投資區(qū)位和投資規(guī)模的選擇，而企業(yè)投資區(qū)位和規(guī)模的選擇決定了各國間的直接投資關(guān)系和關(guān)系的強弱，進而形成了不同類型的國際直接投資網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 在此基礎(chǔ)上，，采用社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析中的MRQAP回歸分析法，選取47個國家2006至2008年國際直接投資數(shù)據(jù)和Hofstede文化維度評分,實證分析了文化差異對國際直接投資網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響。結(jié)果表明，文化差異對國際直接投資有負面的影響，且各文化維度的影響存在明顯的差異，權(quán)力距離(PDI)和不確定性的避免(UAI)方面的差距對國際直接投資產(chǎn)生不利的影響；而個人主義（IDV）和男性主義(MAS)并未直接影響國家間的國際直接投資。其他因素如經(jīng)濟規(guī)模、國際貿(mào)易和距離等對國際直接投資也有重要影響，其中，經(jīng)濟規(guī)模和國際貿(mào)易具有促進國家直接投資的作用，而地理距離則表現(xiàn)出明顯的投資阻礙限制作用。最后，從企業(yè)和政府兩個層面對研究啟示進行了討論。
[Abstract]:International direct investment (FDI) is an economic activity between different cultural subjects. Culture is undoubtedly an important factor affecting national direct investment. Relevant scholars have chosen the location of international direct investment on the basis of cultural differences. The influence of entry mode and the performance of multinational companies' overseas subsidiaries are studied. At the same time, the flow of capital around the world strengthens the economic ties between countries, and makes the international direct investment relationship in the world take on a network form. However, the existing literature has not yet studied the impact of cultural differences on international direct investment (FDI) at the network level. Therefore, this paper tries to make up for this deficiency and analyses the influence of cultural differences on the international direct investment network. This paper first expounds the connotation of culture, after defining the cultural difference from its core part-values, after synthetically comparing three different theories of value, By using the five dimensions of Hofstede culture, the paper analyzes the cultural differences among countries today. Each ethnic group still retains its unique values, and there are still obvious cultural differences among countries. At the same time, the complex network analysis method is used to model the direct investment data between countries from 2006 to 2008, to construct the international direct investment network and the weighted network respectively, and to analyze its structural characteristics and the status of China. The results show that the international direct investment network has the characteristics of small world and core-edge structure, but it is not scale-free network; The direct investment of most countries is relatively small, only when the direct investment reaches a certain level, the difference between countries is obvious, that is, the weighted network of international direct investment does not have scale-free characteristics; The international direct investment network has been affected by the subprime mortgage crisis, while China's position in the network has been improved. After that, the paper points out the relationship between culture and the network structure of international direct investment (FDI). In view of this, based on the transaction cost theory, this paper analyzes that the cultural differences between countries will increase the information cost, negotiation cost and other transaction costs of multinational enterprises, and then affect the location and scale choice of foreign direct investment of enterprises. Through the model analysis, it is concluded that cultural differences affect the expected profits of investors by influencing transaction costs, which determines the choice of investment location and investment scale. The choice of the location and scale of enterprise investment determines the relationship between countries and the strength of the relationship, and then forms different types of international direct investment network. On this basis, using the MRQAP regression analysis method in the social network analysis, selected 47 countries from 2006 to 2008 international direct investment data and Hofstede cultural dimension score, empirical analysis of cultural differences on the impact of international direct investment networks. The results show that cultural differences have a negative impact on international direct investment, and there are obvious differences in the impact of different cultural dimensions. The gap between power distance (PDI) and uncertainty to avoid (UAI) has a negative impact on international direct investment; Individualistic (IDV) and masculine (MAS) do not directly affect international direct investment between countries. Other factors such as economic size, international trade and distance also have an important impact on international direct investment, in which economic size and international trade play a role in promoting national direct investment, And geographical distance shows obvious investment hindrance restriction effect. Finally, the author discusses the implications of the research from the two levels of enterprise and government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F830.59
[Abstract]:International direct investment (FDI) is an economic activity between different cultural subjects. Culture is undoubtedly an important factor affecting national direct investment. Relevant scholars have chosen the location of international direct investment on the basis of cultural differences. The influence of entry mode and the performance of multinational companies' overseas subsidiaries are studied. At the same time, the flow of capital around the world strengthens the economic ties between countries, and makes the international direct investment relationship in the world take on a network form. However, the existing literature has not yet studied the impact of cultural differences on international direct investment (FDI) at the network level. Therefore, this paper tries to make up for this deficiency and analyses the influence of cultural differences on the international direct investment network. This paper first expounds the connotation of culture, after defining the cultural difference from its core part-values, after synthetically comparing three different theories of value, By using the five dimensions of Hofstede culture, the paper analyzes the cultural differences among countries today. Each ethnic group still retains its unique values, and there are still obvious cultural differences among countries. At the same time, the complex network analysis method is used to model the direct investment data between countries from 2006 to 2008, to construct the international direct investment network and the weighted network respectively, and to analyze its structural characteristics and the status of China. The results show that the international direct investment network has the characteristics of small world and core-edge structure, but it is not scale-free network; The direct investment of most countries is relatively small, only when the direct investment reaches a certain level, the difference between countries is obvious, that is, the weighted network of international direct investment does not have scale-free characteristics; The international direct investment network has been affected by the subprime mortgage crisis, while China's position in the network has been improved. After that, the paper points out the relationship between culture and the network structure of international direct investment (FDI). In view of this, based on the transaction cost theory, this paper analyzes that the cultural differences between countries will increase the information cost, negotiation cost and other transaction costs of multinational enterprises, and then affect the location and scale choice of foreign direct investment of enterprises. Through the model analysis, it is concluded that cultural differences affect the expected profits of investors by influencing transaction costs, which determines the choice of investment location and investment scale. The choice of the location and scale of enterprise investment determines the relationship between countries and the strength of the relationship, and then forms different types of international direct investment network. On this basis, using the MRQAP regression analysis method in the social network analysis, selected 47 countries from 2006 to 2008 international direct investment data and Hofstede cultural dimension score, empirical analysis of cultural differences on the impact of international direct investment networks. The results show that cultural differences have a negative impact on international direct investment, and there are obvious differences in the impact of different cultural dimensions. The gap between power distance (PDI) and uncertainty to avoid (UAI) has a negative impact on international direct investment; Individualistic (IDV) and masculine (MAS) do not directly affect international direct investment between countries. Other factors such as economic size, international trade and distance also have an important impact on international direct investment, in which economic size and international trade play a role in promoting national direct investment, And geographical distance shows obvious investment hindrance restriction effect. Finally, the author discusses the implications of the research from the two levels of enterprise and government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F830.59
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