【摘要】：房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)是與我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中其他行業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)度較高的行業(yè),其平穩(wěn)、健康運(yùn)行對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展意義重大。隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人均可支配收入的增長、城市化進(jìn)程的加快，我國房地產(chǎn)市場得到了快速發(fā)展，房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)投資逐年升高。而作為房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的主要資金來源的房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款，其在商業(yè)銀行貸款中的占比不斷增長的同時，其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也在不斷集聚。 受益于房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的高速發(fā)展，近幾年，民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)也如雨后春筍，漸漸地在行業(yè)內(nèi)嶄露頭角。隨著民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)在房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)市場份額逐漸加大，民營房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款在銀行房地產(chǎn)貸款中的比重也日益增長，這也對商業(yè)銀行授信風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控提出新的課題。 繼2010年國務(wù)院出臺的《新國十條》和《新國五條》之后，2011年，國家繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持“抑需求增供給”的調(diào)控思路，出臺《新國八條》，此輪調(diào)控的主要特征是：調(diào)整政策出臺頻率較高、調(diào)控政策力度較大、調(diào)控的決心較為堅(jiān)決，目前，政策調(diào)控的效果已經(jīng)較好顯現(xiàn)，房地產(chǎn)市場持續(xù)低迷，部分房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)面臨資金鏈斷裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，商業(yè)銀行房地產(chǎn)授信資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn)。 房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)屬于資本密集型行業(yè)，房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款本身就具有金額大、期限長、政策性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較為突出等特征，而民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)還存在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率較高、重復(fù)融資、道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大、信息透明度低等問題，故商業(yè)銀行民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)開發(fā)貸款授信管理難度較大。又由于金融市場的競爭日益激烈，部分商業(yè)銀行迫于經(jīng)營業(yè)績的需要，存在盲目爭搶項(xiàng)目、盲目尋求市場份額，對民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識淡薄、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控措施較為薄弱的現(xiàn)象。加之我國信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制體系亟待完善、立法環(huán)節(jié)尚不健全，商業(yè)銀行民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)開發(fā)貸款存在較大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患。 本文從房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的特點(diǎn)及行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)，結(jié)合民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)融資存在的問題、商業(yè)銀行房地產(chǎn)貸款實(shí)際案例，聯(lián)系現(xiàn)階段房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的調(diào)控形勢，分析商業(yè)銀行民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)開發(fā)貸款存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，進(jìn)而歸納出商業(yè)銀行民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)開發(fā)貸款的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理步驟和流程，并針對民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)融資存在的問題，創(chuàng)新地提出民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)開發(fā)貸款的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控策略改進(jìn)建議，首先，在傳統(tǒng)的借款企業(yè)準(zhǔn)入機(jī)制基礎(chǔ)上，增加項(xiàng)目準(zhǔn)入機(jī)制，嚴(yán)格挑選優(yōu)質(zhì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行敘做；其次，提出通過抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)測試，對民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)開發(fā)貸款的還款能力進(jìn)行評價(jià)；第三，針對民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、違約率較高等問題，提出了解決方案；最后，提出了通過預(yù)警信息分析機(jī)制，降低商業(yè)銀行對民營房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)開發(fā)貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制的滯后性。促進(jìn)商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)授信健康、和諧、平穩(wěn)發(fā)展，確保我國金融體系安全及國民經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定向前發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The real estate industry is highly related to other industries in the national economy of our country. Its steady and healthy operation is of great significance to the steady development of the national economy. With the development of China's economy, the increase of per capita disposable income and the acceleration of urbanization, the real estate market in China has been developing rapidly, and the investment in real estate development has increased year by year. As the main source of real estate project development, real estate development loan accounts for a growing proportion of commercial bank loans, and its risks are also gathering. Benefited from the rapid development of the real estate industry, in recent years, private real estate enterprises are also springing up, gradually emerging in the industry. With the increasing market share of private real estate enterprises in the real estate industry, the proportion of private real estate development loans in bank real estate loans is also increasing. Following the State Council's "New country Ten" and "New State five" issued in 2010, in 2011, the state continued to adhere to the idea of "suppressing demand and increasing supply" and issued the "New country eight articles". The main characteristics of this round of regulation and control are as follows: the adjustment policy is issued with a high frequency, the intensity of the adjustment policy is relatively strong, and the determination of the regulation and control is relatively firm. At present, the effect of the policy regulation and control has shown well, and the real estate market has continued to be depressed. Some real estate enterprises face the risk of capital chain breakage and commercial banks face huge challenges in the quality of real estate credit assets. The real estate industry belongs to the capital-intensive industry, and the real estate development loan itself has the characteristics of large amount of money, long term, prominent policy risk and market risk, while private real estate enterprises also have high ratio of assets and liabilities, repeated financing, etc. Due to the problems of high moral hazard and low information transparency, it is difficult for private real estate enterprises to develop loan credit management in commercial banks. Because of the increasingly fierce competition in the financial market, some commercial banks are forced to compete blindly for the project, seek market share blindly, and have a weak sense of risk to the private real estate enterprises. The phenomenon of weak risk control measures. In addition, the credit risk control system of our country needs to be improved urgently, the legislation link is not perfect, the commercial bank private real estate enterprise development loan has the bigger risk hidden danger. Based on the characteristics of the real estate industry and the current situation of the real estate industry, combined with the problems existing in the financing of the private real estate enterprises, the real estate loan cases of commercial banks, the regulation and control situation of the real estate industry at the present stage, This paper analyzes the hidden risks of the development loans of private real estate enterprises in commercial banks, sums up the risk management steps and processes of the development loans of private real estate enterprises in commercial banks, and aims at the problems existing in the financing of private real estate enterprises. Firstly, on the basis of the traditional access mechanism of loan enterprises, we should increase the project access mechanism and strictly select high-quality projects for classification; Secondly, the paper puts forward to evaluate the repayment ability of private real estate enterprises through risk-resistant tests. Third, the paper puts forward solutions to the problems of moral hazard and high default rate of private real estate enterprises. Finally, the paper puts forward a mechanism of early warning information analysis to reduce the lag of commercial banks in controlling the risk of private real estate enterprises' development loans. To promote the healthy, harmonious and steady development of the commercial real estate industry, to ensure the security of our financial system and the steady development of the national economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.45

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