【摘要】：商業(yè)銀行競爭力一直是研究機(jī)構(gòu)和廣大學(xué)者以及金融從業(yè)者們關(guān)心的課題。經(jīng)過改革開放三十年的發(fā)展,我國金融業(yè)發(fā)生了很大的變化。尤其是我國加入WTO和國內(nèi)金融市場全面對外開放后,金融課題的研究變得更具有實(shí)際意義。金融業(yè)與一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展息息相關(guān),它的有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)可以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展并能增加社會總福利。金融業(yè)主要包括銀行業(yè)、證券業(yè)和保險(xiǎn)業(yè)三個子行業(yè),而銀行業(yè)是三子個行業(yè)中極其重要的一個行業(yè),因此本文在具體研究過程中將研究目標(biāo)定位在銀行產(chǎn)業(yè)。由于金融綜合經(jīng)營涉及到整個金融產(chǎn)業(yè)集群,研究過程離不開對其他相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的分析,因此本論文面向金融產(chǎn)業(yè)集群,通過綜合經(jīng)營的視角考察了我國銀行產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程及現(xiàn)狀。隨著國內(nèi)金融市場全面對外開放和外資銀行機(jī)構(gòu)的進(jìn)入,國內(nèi)金融市場和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)都發(fā)生了很大變化,商業(yè)銀行不僅要面對來自國內(nèi)銀行間的競爭,還要面對來自外資銀行機(jī)構(gòu)的競爭。國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行除了保持原有的競爭優(yōu)勢外,更要借助于金融市場的開放,吸取國外銀行機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)來提高自身國際競爭力,才能在世界金融市場中立于不敗之地。因此論文在研究國內(nèi)銀行產(chǎn)業(yè)時(shí),充分考慮到金融開放背景要素,將外資銀行作為研究對象進(jìn)行了中外對比分析,從提高產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力的角度對國內(nèi)銀行業(yè)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。 通過對中外金融業(yè)經(jīng)營模式的對比研究發(fā)現(xiàn),中外銀行機(jī)構(gòu)在經(jīng)營模式上存在根本不同。國外許多大型商業(yè)銀行實(shí)行的是混業(yè)經(jīng)營模式,即銀行業(yè)務(wù)與證券、保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)以及實(shí)業(yè)融合在一起,實(shí)行混合經(jīng)營。而我國金融業(yè)受金融監(jiān)管和法律等因素影響,實(shí)行的是分業(yè)經(jīng)營模式,各行業(yè)之間有嚴(yán)格的業(yè)務(wù)限制,因此銀行在經(jīng)營模式和經(jīng)營范圍上與外資銀行都有著很多區(qū)別。沿著這個方向繼續(xù)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),國內(nèi)金融機(jī)構(gòu)事實(shí)上已不同程度地開展了混業(yè)經(jīng)營,過去十多年來,國內(nèi)許多金融機(jī)構(gòu)為了提高國際競爭力,通過在境外設(shè)立控股公司然后再迂回進(jìn)入國內(nèi)市場,開展原來受限的其他金融業(yè)務(wù),形成了事實(shí)上的混業(yè)經(jīng)營。但是按照法律和監(jiān)管條例,我國金融業(yè)經(jīng)營模式目前主要為分業(yè)經(jīng)營模式。因此就出現(xiàn)了綜合經(jīng)營這個概念。已有學(xué)者定義綜合經(jīng)營模式為分業(yè)經(jīng)營向混業(yè)經(jīng)營轉(zhuǎn)型的一種過渡模式。本文借用已有學(xué)者的概念,對其進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)展延伸,將綜合經(jīng)營概念擴(kuò)展為多元化經(jīng)營、混業(yè)經(jīng)營和國際綜合經(jīng)營三個層次,將已有的關(guān)于商業(yè)銀行多元化經(jīng)營、混業(yè)經(jīng)營、金融開放問題研究等研究成果綜合起來,從產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力角度對我國銀行產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。 基于上述背景和視角,論文選取產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的SCP范式分析法對我國商業(yè)銀行競爭力進(jìn)行了綜合研究,通過對國內(nèi)銀行業(yè)市場結(jié)構(gòu)、市場行為與市場績效的研究分析市場結(jié)構(gòu)與市場行為及市場績效之間的關(guān)系。論文對國內(nèi)銀行業(yè)市場結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)測度與分析,分析了商業(yè)銀行之間的行為差異及外資機(jī)構(gòu)給國內(nèi)銀行機(jī)構(gòu)帶來的影響,并對部分商業(yè)銀行績效進(jìn)行了綜合評價(jià)。詳細(xì)內(nèi)容展開如下： 1、國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營模式與綜合經(jīng)營水平研究 首先對國內(nèi)銀行業(yè)經(jīng)營模式發(fā)展歷程及現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)研究。從金融監(jiān)管制度、法律因素等方面分析中外商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營模式和經(jīng)營水平存在的差距。分析存在差距的主要要素,通過選取要素對國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行綜合經(jīng)營水平進(jìn)行了測度與分析。并進(jìn)一步對商業(yè)銀行國內(nèi)競爭力及國際競爭力進(jìn)行了分析。 2、通過SCP范式分析法對我國銀行業(yè)市場結(jié)構(gòu)、行為和績效進(jìn)行研究 主要通過產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論中的SCP范式分析法對我國銀行業(yè)市場結(jié)構(gòu)和企業(yè)行為及績效進(jìn)行了測度和分析。通過市場集中度、規(guī)模成本進(jìn)入壁壘等指標(biāo)對我國銀行業(yè)市場結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)測度,分析我國銀行業(yè)的市場結(jié)構(gòu)特征；進(jìn)一步,對銀行企業(yè)行為包括價(jià)格行為、市場營銷行為、組織調(diào)整行為等進(jìn)行了對比分析,通過對銀行卡業(yè)務(wù)、國際結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)等實(shí)證研究結(jié)果分析了國內(nèi)銀行之間行為差異和與外資銀行在國際化綜合經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)方面差異；最后通過DEA模型和SFA模型對我國商業(yè)銀行績效進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。 3、構(gòu)建了我國商業(yè)銀行綜合競爭力評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,通過因子分析法對我國商業(yè)銀行綜合競爭力進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。并與世界著名雜志《銀行家》排名結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比分析。 本文可能的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)大致概括如下： 1、從產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角來對銀行競爭力進(jìn)行研究。國內(nèi)外機(jī)構(gòu)和學(xué)者關(guān)于商業(yè)銀行競爭力評價(jià)的研究很多,指標(biāo)體系也相對完善,但是評價(jià)的結(jié)果卻存在諸多不同。本文從產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角來對商業(yè)銀行競爭力進(jìn)行研究,從產(chǎn)業(yè)市場結(jié)構(gòu)分析到微觀企業(yè)行為分析到績效評價(jià),分析結(jié)果更透徹,結(jié)論更客觀,研究過程更全面。 2、從綜合經(jīng)營視角系統(tǒng)地對商業(yè)銀行競爭力進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。綜合經(jīng)營不僅從微觀上能給金融機(jī)構(gòu)帶來規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)和范圍經(jīng)濟(jì),從帕累托角度分析,也能給整個社會福利帶來最大化效益。它可以有效地整合社會資源,提高資源利用率,滿足企業(yè)和個人多樣化、一體化金融服務(wù)需求,并能有效地規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn),提高企業(yè)抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力。隨著信息技術(shù)和金融自由化以及全球化的發(fā)展趨勢,越來越多的國家和地區(qū)實(shí)施金融混業(yè)經(jīng)營。隨著國際競爭的日益激烈,金融創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品層出不窮,金融綜合經(jīng)營的優(yōu)勢正在不斷凸顯,也是新時(shí)期金融業(yè)發(fā)展的趨勢,更成為了金融業(yè)未來發(fā)展的潛在競爭優(yōu)勢。隨著我國金融市場全面對外開放,我國銀行業(yè)要想在國際上占據(jù)優(yōu)勢,必須加快綜合化經(jīng)營進(jìn)程。論文從綜合經(jīng)營大趨勢視角,結(jié)合金融開放背景要素系統(tǒng)地對我國商業(yè)銀行業(yè)綜合經(jīng)營水平以及競爭力進(jìn)行了研究,進(jìn)行了縱向以及橫向?qū)Ρ妊芯�。金融綜合經(jīng)營是世界金融市場發(fā)展趨勢,也是商業(yè)銀行潛在競爭力的重要組成部分。已有的許多文獻(xiàn)也對商業(yè)銀行的多元化經(jīng)營程度進(jìn)行了研究分析,本文的優(yōu)勢在于擴(kuò)展了原有的多元化經(jīng)營視角,通過多要素的分析對商業(yè)銀行競爭力進(jìn)行了全面系統(tǒng)評價(jià),并對綜合經(jīng)營概念進(jìn)行了具體界定和廣義延伸。 3、綜合運(yùn)用多種方法對商業(yè)銀行競爭力進(jìn)行了評價(jià),實(shí)現(xiàn)了方法集成創(chuàng)新。商業(yè)銀行競爭力評價(jià)方法有多種。論文對各種評價(jià)方法進(jìn)行了對比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法(DEA)適合于商業(yè)銀行績效評價(jià),因子分析法(FAM)適合綜合評價(jià)。據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法對量綱的要求相對簡單而變得極易應(yīng)用,但是它對樣本量和指標(biāo)的要求相對較高,通常樣本數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)不少于指標(biāo)變量數(shù)的2倍。由于本文主要研究對象為5家大型商業(yè)銀行和12家股份制商業(yè)銀行,樣本量較少。而商業(yè)銀行綜合評價(jià)時(shí)需要考察贏利性指標(biāo)、流動性指標(biāo)、安全性指標(biāo)、穩(wěn)定性以及資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量等多個指標(biāo),且在數(shù)據(jù)處理時(shí)還要進(jìn)行相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)剔除某些數(shù)據(jù),這樣就存在樣本數(shù)少而指標(biāo)變量多問題,評價(jià)的結(jié)果變得不夠科學(xué)和穩(wěn)定。因此,本文僅選取據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法對商業(yè)銀行績效從投入產(chǎn)出角度進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。而選擇因子分析法對商業(yè)銀行綜合競爭力進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。因子分析法與層次分析法(AHP)都是比較適合系統(tǒng)綜合評價(jià)的方法,但是層次分析法需要設(shè)計(jì)問卷通過專家打分法來確定各層次指標(biāo)權(quán)重系數(shù),操作復(fù)雜且容易有主觀因素,而因子分析法權(quán)重系數(shù)可以通過因子貢獻(xiàn)率來計(jì)算,易操作且避免了主觀不確定因素,因此本文在綜合評價(jià)各方法優(yōu)劣的基礎(chǔ)上選擇了因子分析法對商業(yè)銀行綜合競爭力進(jìn)行了評價(jià),并與據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法評價(jià)結(jié)果和《銀行家》雜志排名結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比分析,綜合多種方法進(jìn)行的多維度的分析與評價(jià),結(jié)果更加科學(xué)與全面,避免了單一評價(jià)法帶來的不確定性。
[Abstract]:The competitiveness of commercial banks has always been a topic of concern to research institutions, scholars and financial practitioners. After 30 years of reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China's financial industry. It is closely related to a country's economic and social development, and its effective operation can promote economic development and increase social welfare. The financial industry mainly includes three sub-industries: banking, securities and insurance, and banking is an extremely important industry among the three sub-industries. Therefore, this paper will study in the specific research process. As the financial comprehensive management involves the whole financial industrial cluster, the research process can not be separated from the analysis of other related industries, so this paper, facing the financial industrial cluster, investigates the development process and current situation of China's banking industry through the perspective of comprehensive management. With the entry of foreign banking institutions, the domestic financial market and industrial structure have undergone great changes. Commercial banks should not only face competition from domestic banks, but also from foreign banking institutions. The advantages of banking institutions to enhance their international competitiveness in the world financial markets in order to be invincible. Therefore, when studying the domestic banking industry, fully considering the background factors of financial opening, this paper makes a comparative analysis of foreign banks at home and abroad, and from the perspective of improving the international competitiveness of the industry to domestic banks. Industry is systematically analyzed.
Through the comparative study of the operation modes of Chinese and foreign financial industry, it is found that there are fundamental differences in the operation modes between Chinese and foreign banking institutions. Law and other factors affect the implementation of a separate business model, there are strict business restrictions between the various industries, so banks in the business model and scope of operation and foreign banks have many differences. In order to improve the international competitiveness, many financial institutions in China have formed a de facto mixed operation by setting up holding companies abroad and then circuitously entering the domestic market to carry out other previously restricted financial businesses. The concept of comprehensive management has been put forward.Some scholars have defined the comprehensive management mode as a transitional mode from separate operation to mixed operation.This paper borrows the concepts of existing scholars and extends them. This paper makes a systematic study of the banking industry in China from the perspective of industrial competitiveness.
Based on the above background and perspective, this paper chooses the SCP paradigm analysis method in industrial economics to conduct a comprehensive study on the competitiveness of commercial banks in China. Through the research on the market structure, market behavior and market performance of domestic banking industry, this paper analyzes the relationship between market structure, market behavior and market performance. The structure is measured and analyzed in detail. The differences between commercial banks and the impact of foreign banks on domestic banking institutions are analyzed. The performance of some commercial banks is evaluated comprehensively.
1, domestic commercial banks' management mode and comprehensive management level.
Firstly, this paper makes a literature study on the development process and current situation of domestic banking business model. From the aspects of financial supervision system and legal factors, this paper analyzes the disparity between Chinese and foreign commercial banks in business model and operation level. Furthermore, the domestic competitiveness and international competitiveness of commercial banks are further analyzed.
2, we study the market structure, behavior and performance of China's banking industry through the SCP paradigm.
This paper mainly measures and analyzes the market structure and corporate behavior and performance of China's banking industry through the SCP Paradigm Analysis in the theory of industrial economics. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the bank's corporate behavior including price behavior, marketing behavior and organizational adjustment behavior, and analyzes the differences between domestic banks and foreign banks in international integrated business through empirical research results such as bank card business and international settlement business. This paper evaluates the performance of China's commercial banks.
3. The evaluation index system of comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks in China is constructed, and the comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks in China is evaluated by factor analysis, and the results are compared with the ranking results of world famous magazine Bankers.
The possible innovations in this paper can be summarized as follows:
1. To study the competitiveness of commercial banks from the perspective of industrial economics. There are many studies on the competitiveness evaluation of commercial banks by domestic and foreign institutions and scholars, and the index system is relatively perfect, but there are many differences in the evaluation results. From micro-enterprise behavior analysis to performance evaluation, the analysis result is more thorough, the conclusion is more objective and the research process is more comprehensive.
2. This paper systematically evaluates the competitiveness of commercial banks from the perspective of comprehensive management. Comprehensive management can not only bring economies of scale and scope to financial institutions, but also maximize the benefits to the whole social welfare from the perspective of Pareto. It can effectively integrate social resources, improve the utilization of resources and meet the needs of enterprises. With the development trend of information technology, financial liberalization and globalization, more and more countries and regions are implementing financial mixed operation. With the increasingly fierce international competition, financial innovative products emerge in endlessly, and financial integration. The advantages of joint venture are becoming increasingly prominent, and it is also the trend of the development of the financial industry in the new era. It has become the potential competitive advantage of the future development of the financial industry. This paper systematically studies the comprehensive management level and competitiveness of China's commercial banks under the background of financial openness, and makes longitudinal and horizontal comparative studies. The advantage of this paper is that it expands the original perspective of diversification, evaluates the competitiveness of commercial banks comprehensively and systematically through the analysis of multi-factors, and defines the concept of comprehensive management concretely and extends it in a broad sense.
3. Comprehensive use of a variety of methods to evaluate the competitiveness of commercial banks to achieve integrated innovation. Commercial banks competitiveness evaluation methods have a variety of papers on a comparative study of various evaluation methods, found that data envelopment analysis (DEA) is suitable for commercial banks performance evaluation, factor analysis (FAM) is suitable for comprehensive evaluation. The requirement of dimension is relatively simple and easy to apply, but the requirement of sample size and index is relatively high. Normally, the sample data should be no less than two times the number of index variables. It is necessary to examine the profitability index, liquidity index, security index, stability and asset quality and other indicators, and to test the correlation of data processing to eliminate some data, so there are a few samples and index variables, evaluation results become not scientific and stable. The analysis method evaluates the performance of commercial banks from the angle of input and output, while the factor analysis method evaluates the comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks. Both the factor analysis method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are suitable for the comprehensive evaluation of the system, but the analytic hierarchy process needs to design questionnaires to determine the various levels through the expert scoring method. The index weight coefficient is complicated to operate and easy to have subjective factors, and the factor analysis method weight coefficient can be calculated by factor contribution rate, which is easy to operate and avoid subjective uncertainties. Therefore, this paper chooses factor analysis method to evaluate the comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and compares it with other methods. The results of envelope analysis are compared with those of Bankers magazine ranking. The results of multi-dimensional analysis and evaluation are more scientific and comprehensive, and the uncertainty caused by single evaluation method is avoided.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.33;F224

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