【摘要】：我國(guó)自改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取得令世矚目的成績(jī)。其經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)一直處于世界的前列,然而,在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)、人均收入也同步上升的時(shí)候,居民的收入差距也在不斷擴(kuò)大,特別是農(nóng)村居民與城鎮(zhèn)居民的收入差距越來(lái)越大。這種現(xiàn)象,在一定程度上對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響;這也表明收入差距的擴(kuò)大是政府和社會(huì)應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距產(chǎn)生影響的原因比較多,而金融發(fā)展在其中有重要的影響。所以本文將從中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距影響的視角進(jìn)行研究,并提出抑制城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距擴(kuò)大的政策建議。本文首先梳理了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在這一方面的研究成果和農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的理論淵源,對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行概述,在這些基礎(chǔ)上建立理論模型分析了我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響途徑。本文用城鄉(xiāng)居民收入比做為衡量城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的指標(biāo),而我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展則用農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展規(guī)模與農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展效率刻畫,再引入與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距有關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、政府行為、城鎮(zhèn)化水平三個(gè)控制變量建立計(jì)量模型,利用我國(guó)1997-2013年的省級(jí)面板數(shù)據(jù)研究農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的協(xié)整關(guān)系。其次,考慮在不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平下農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)收入差距的不同影響,以經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平做為門檻變量進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。本文理論研究發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響機(jī)制主要為:一方面農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)農(nóng)村居民提供信貸時(shí)設(shè)立的進(jìn)入門檻值對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響。另一方面農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響過(guò)程中,間接傳導(dǎo)到農(nóng)村居民的收入方面。實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn):我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展規(guī)模對(duì)我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的加大有正相關(guān)特征,二者存在長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的協(xié)整關(guān)系;農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展效率與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距存在負(fù)相關(guān)特征,即農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展效率的提高能對(duì)我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的加大產(chǎn)生抑制作用。其次,在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平低階段條件下,農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展規(guī)模對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的擴(kuò)大起到正向加強(qiáng)作用,對(duì)降低收入差距產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響;當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平到達(dá)一定階段,農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展規(guī)模對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的正向效應(yīng)減弱。根據(jù)本文研究結(jié)論,提出相關(guān)的政策建議:政府應(yīng)該加大對(duì)農(nóng)村金融資源的供給,推動(dòng)農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),完善農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的征信體系,促使農(nóng)村地區(qū)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)降低信貸門檻。政府應(yīng)該改變以往的政府財(cái)政支持方法,加大農(nóng)村財(cái)政支持力度,加快農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),政府還應(yīng)對(duì)農(nóng)村金融制度進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和完善。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements. Its economic growth has always been in the forefront of the world. However, when China's economy continues to grow and the per capita income rises simultaneously, the income gap of residents is also expanding, especially between rural residents and urban residents. To a certain extent, this phenomenon has a negative impact on the stable development of our economy and social stability, which also shows that the widening of income gap is a problem that the government and society should pay close attention to. There are many reasons for the impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas, and financial development has an important impact on it. Therefore, this paper will study the impact of rural financial development on urban-rural income gap in China, and put forward some policy suggestions to curb the widening of income gap between urban and rural residents. This article first combs the domestic and foreign scholars in this aspect research achievement and the rural finance development theory origin, carries on the summary to our country countryside finance and the urban-rural income disparity present situation. On the basis of these, the paper establishes a theoretical model to analyze the influence of rural financial development on the income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper uses the income ratio of urban and rural residents as the index to measure the urban-rural income gap, while the rural financial development in China is characterized by the scale of rural financial development and the efficiency of rural financial development, and then introduces the level of economic development related to the urban-rural income gap. Based on the provincial panel data from 1997 to 2013, this paper studies the cointegration relationship between rural financial development and urban-rural income gap. Secondly, considering the different effects of rural financial development on income gap under different economic development levels, taking the level of economic development as the threshold variable to test. This paper finds that the influence mechanism of rural financial development on the urban-rural income gap is as follows: on the one hand, the impact of the entry threshold set by rural financial institutions on the urban-rural income gap when providing credit to rural residents. On the other hand, the influence of rural financial development on rural economy is indirectly transmitted to the income of rural residents. The empirical study finds that the scale of rural financial development has a positive correlation with the increase of income gap between urban and rural areas in China, and there is a long-term stable co-integration relationship between them, while the efficiency of rural financial development has a negative correlation with the income gap between urban and rural areas. That is, the improvement of rural financial development efficiency can restrain the income gap between urban and rural areas. Secondly, under the condition of low level of economic development, the scale of rural financial development plays a positive role in strengthening the widening of income gap between urban and rural areas, and has a negative impact on reducing the income gap; when the level of economic development reaches a certain stage, The positive effect of the scale of rural financial development on the income gap between urban and rural areas is weakened. According to the conclusion of this paper, the paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions: the government should increase the supply of rural financial resources, promote the competition of rural financial market, and perfect the credit system of rural financial market. Encourage financial institutions in rural areas to lower credit barriers. The government should change the previous methods of government financial support, increase rural financial support, and speed up the construction of rural infrastructure. The government should also optimize and improve the rural financial system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F832.35;F124.7

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