【摘要】：對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)階段來說，中小企業(yè)的能否健康發(fā)展對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)體系發(fā)展的過程有著非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義：一方面我國大型企業(yè)融資渠道逐漸增加，商業(yè)銀行對于大客戶的競爭成本高，所獲得利益有限，另一方面，我國中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展是非常迅速，是帶動我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的幾大主要動力之一，已經(jīng)成為我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要組成部分，無論是在產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，解決我國就業(yè)率問題和農(nóng)村勞動力等方面都發(fā)揮著重要作用。大中小企業(yè)的劃分主要是根據(jù)不同行業(yè)的企業(yè)規(guī)模而進(jìn)行的，因此中小企業(yè)的定義是相對而言的，即從企業(yè)的人員總體數(shù)量、資產(chǎn)規(guī)模的發(fā)展情況和經(jīng)營范圍的大小都相對較小的經(jīng)濟(jì)單位，并且在不同國家、不同經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的各個階段、不同行業(yè)來說，全世界對于中小企業(yè)的概念界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是存在一定差異的。我國政府部門自從08年的全球性金融危機(jī)后，陸續(xù)根據(jù)我國的國情出臺了一系列扶持中小企業(yè)的政策，但是由于中小企業(yè)自身、銀行、法制、社會信用等諸多因素的影響，我國中小企業(yè)融資難的問題依然十分突出，尤其是商業(yè)銀行在現(xiàn)階段對中小企業(yè)貸款的風(fēng)險控制方面，還有待進(jìn)一步提高。 中國銀行N支行成立短短不到兩年時間，近期內(nèi)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略上主要是以發(fā)展擴(kuò)大占有N當(dāng)?shù)劂y行業(yè)務(wù)市場份額為主要目標(biāo)，兼顧銀行資產(chǎn)安全性和可盈利性，同時為N縣中小企業(yè)提供貸款資源，為N縣域金融業(yè)務(wù)作出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。為了更好的做好中小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務(wù)，探討中小企業(yè)信貸風(fēng)險的成因和研究中小企業(yè)信貸風(fēng)險控制就顯得十分必要。商業(yè)銀行如果能夠用有效風(fēng)險控制來對我國現(xiàn)階段的中小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務(wù)的各種可能存在的風(fēng)險進(jìn)行規(guī)避，就能有效促進(jìn)商業(yè)銀行在中小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的的發(fā)展瓶頸。在此背景下，以中國銀行N支行為例，對其中小企業(yè)信貸風(fēng)險控制進(jìn)行研究，有助于提高中小企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險控制能力，對實(shí)現(xiàn)商業(yè)銀行的中小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務(wù)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和健康發(fā)展有著深遠(yuǎn)意義。 本文首先對商業(yè)銀行信貸業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)險控制現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析，并對中小企業(yè)融資難問題進(jìn)行了簡要的闡述，這其中主要從中小企業(yè)經(jīng)營的自身特點(diǎn)出發(fā)，對中小企業(yè)在銀行信貸業(yè)務(wù)中存在的不足進(jìn)行剖析，然后，對現(xiàn)階段中小企業(yè)貸款存在的問題進(jìn)行了歸類分析，最后從商業(yè)銀行和中小企業(yè)兩個角度對中小企業(yè)信貸風(fēng)險控制按照貸款的時間順序分為貸款前、貸款中、和貸款后進(jìn)行分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)行模式貸前對于貸款對象的分析過于公式化，不能很好的針對客戶進(jìn)行有側(cè)重的審批，且過于依賴財務(wù)報表；貸中的了解不深，容易產(chǎn)生信息不對稱；貸后監(jiān)管階段流程存在因?yàn)槁鋵?shí)不到位等原因，，導(dǎo)致中小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務(wù)存在風(fēng)險不能及時發(fā)現(xiàn)等問題。針對以上問題，本文通過分析提出了改進(jìn)的思路和操作流程的改進(jìn)方法，主要是：貸款前細(xì)化客戶調(diào)查，通過對非財務(wù)因素的了解加深對企業(yè)的掌握；創(chuàng)新中小企業(yè)信貸產(chǎn)品，提高貸款的針對性，提升對中小企業(yè)貸款的個性化服務(wù)質(zhì)量；采用科學(xué)的貸后監(jiān)督流程，并加強(qiáng)貸后監(jiān)管的力度和監(jiān)管范圍，改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有管理流程，建立更加合理和可操作性強(qiáng)的中小企業(yè)信貸補(bǔ)充機(jī)制等。
[Abstract]:At the present stage of China's economic development, the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises has a very important practical significance to the process of China's economic system development: on the one hand, the financing channels of large enterprises in China are gradually increasing, commercial banks have a high cost of competition for large customers, and the benefits are limited, on the other hand, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The exhibition is very fast, and it is one of the main driving forces to promote the national economic growth. It has become an important part of the national economic development in China. It plays an important role in the technical innovation of products, the adjustment of industrial structure, the rapid development of regional economy, the solution of the employment rate problem and the rural labor force. The division of large and medium-sized enterprises is mainly based on the size of enterprises in different industries, so the definition of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively speaking, that is, economic units with relatively small size in terms of the total number of employees, the development of assets and the scope of operation, and in different countries and different stages of economic development. There are some differences in defining standards for SMEs in different industries all over the world. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, our government departments have issued a series of policies to support SMEs according to China's national conditions, but because of SMEs themselves, banks, legal system, social credit and many other factors. The impact of SMEs financing is still very prominent, especially commercial banks in the current stage of SMEs loan risk control, still need to be further improved.
Bank of China N Branch has been established for less than two years. In the near future, the main development strategy is to develop and expand the market share of the local banking business in N County, taking into account the security and profitability of bank assets, and providing loans for small and medium-sized enterprises in N County, which has made outstanding contributions to the financial business in N County. It is very necessary to do well the credit business of SMEs, discuss the causes of credit risk of SMEs and study the control of credit risk of SMEs. In this context, taking Bank of China as an example, the study on the credit risk control of SMEs will help to improve the risk control ability of SMEs'loan business, and will have a far-reaching impact on the sustainable development and healthy development of SMEs' credit business of commercial banks. Significance.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the present situation of risk control of commercial bank credit business, and briefly expounds the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of small and medium-sized enterprises in bank credit business mainly from the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises. Then, it analyzes the loan and deposit of small and medium-sized enterprises at this stage. At last, the paper classifies and analyzes the credit risk control of SMEs from two angles of commercial banks and SMEs according to the time sequence of loans, which are pre-loan, during-loan and post-loan. It is found that the analysis of the loan object in the current model is too formulaic to be well targeted at customers. Re-examination and approval, and too much reliance on financial statements; loans in the understanding is not deep, easy to produce asymmetric information; post-loan supervision process because the implementation is not in place, resulting in small and medium-sized enterprises credit business risks can not be found in time and other issues. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward improvement ideas and operational flow through analysis. Cheng's improvement methods mainly include: refining customer survey before loan, deepening the mastery of enterprises through understanding non-financial factors; innovating credit products for SMEs, improving the pertinence of loans, improving the personalized service quality of loans for SMEs; adopting scientific post-loan supervision process, and strengthening the strength and supervision of post-loan supervision. To manage the scope, improve the existing management process, and establish a more reasonable and operational SME credit supplement mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.4;F276.3

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