【摘要】：引進(jìn)外資是國(guó)家發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要途徑之一。無論是像美國(guó)、歐盟、日本這樣的發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體還是像印度、東盟等新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體,FDI在這些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中都起到了巨大的作用。自改革開放以來,我國(guó)引進(jìn)外資的力度逐年加大,實(shí)際利用外資金額從1983年的66.4億元增長(zhǎng)到2012年的1133億美元。有關(guān)學(xué)者曾經(jīng)測(cè)算我國(guó)FDI每增長(zhǎng)1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)帶動(dòng)GDP增長(zhǎng)0.38個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。美國(guó)是世界上最發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家,美資企業(yè)在中國(guó)投入了大量的資金,對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。但是美國(guó)對(duì)華投資比重一直不大。本文以美國(guó)對(duì)華直接投資作為研究對(duì)象,從行業(yè)的角度分析哪些因素對(duì)其產(chǎn)生了影響,探尋其中的規(guī)律。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示現(xiàn)階段無論從母國(guó)還是東道國(guó)的角度,美國(guó)在華投資雖然絕對(duì)金額巨大,比重一直較低。這同美國(guó)世界第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體和中國(guó)世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體的地位不符。美國(guó)對(duì)華直接投資具有很大的上升空間。研究美國(guó)不同行業(yè)對(duì)中國(guó)直接投資的影響因素,不僅能夠豐富相關(guān)的國(guó)際直接投資理論;而且還能夠?qū)χ袊?guó)政府相關(guān)部門的決策提供理論與實(shí)證的研究參考,以制定合適有效的政策來吸收并引導(dǎo)更多的美國(guó)跨國(guó)企業(yè)來中國(guó)大陸地區(qū)投資,進(jìn)而推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。論文總體思路是在借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外FDI理論的研究基礎(chǔ)上,通過對(duì)美國(guó)在華直接投資情況按照不同行業(yè)進(jìn)行分析和歸納,利用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析對(duì)影響美國(guó)跨國(guó)公司對(duì)華直接投資的決定因素作一些探討,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)如何吸引更多的美資為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展服務(wù)提出一些建議,具有重要的實(shí)踐意義。本文創(chuàng)新之處在于第一考慮到不同行業(yè)的特性采取按照行業(yè)分類的辦法更加科學(xué)的分析影響不同行業(yè)的因素,第二目前廣泛應(yīng)用的趨勢(shì)分析、多變量線性回歸模型等分析的辦法,存在種種弊端,本文利用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析可以較好的克服傳統(tǒng)方法的不足,形成更加科學(xué)可靠的結(jié)論,第三將當(dāng)前美國(guó)不同行業(yè)對(duì)華直接投資影響因素同之前因素進(jìn)行縱向比較,試圖探尋不同時(shí)期影響因素的變化規(guī)律。本文發(fā)現(xiàn)除采掘業(yè)外,市場(chǎng)因素和教育因素對(duì)制造業(yè)、商業(yè)批發(fā)、信息與科技產(chǎn)業(yè)都有較大影響。制造業(yè)還受到基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的影響。采掘業(yè)則主要和成本及制度因素有關(guān)。成本因素和匯率因素的影響程度降低。
[Abstract]:The introduction of foreign capital is one of the important ways for the country to develop its economy. Both advanced economies such as the United States, the European Union, Japan and emerging economies such as India and ASEAN have played a significant role in their economic development. Since the reform and opening up, China has increased the intensity of introducing foreign capital year by year, the actual amount of foreign capital utilization has increased from 6.64 billion yuan in 1983 to 113.3 billion dollars in 2012. Some scholars have estimated that China's FDI growth per 1 percentage point led to GDP growth of 0.38 percentage points. The United States is the most developed country in the world. American enterprises have invested a lot of funds in China, which has a positive impact on China's economic growth. But U. S. investment in China has been small. This paper takes American direct investment in China as the object of study, analyzes which factors influence it from the angle of industry, and probes into the law of it. Statistics show that at this stage, although the absolute amount of US investment in China is huge, the proportion of US investment in China has been relatively low, whether from the perspective of home country or host country. This does not match the position of the United States as the world's largest economy and China as the world's second largest economy. Us direct investment in China has a lot of room for growth. To study the influence factors of American different industries on China's direct investment can not only enrich the relevant theories of international direct investment, but also provide theoretical and empirical reference for the decision of relevant departments of Chinese government. To formulate appropriate and effective policies to absorb and guide more American multinational enterprises to invest in mainland China, thus promoting the development of China's economy and technological progress. The overall idea of this paper is to analyze and sum up the situation of American direct investment in China according to different industries on the basis of the study of FDI theory at home and abroad. This paper discusses the determinants of American transnational corporations' direct investment in China by using grey relational analysis, and puts forward some suggestions on how to attract more American capital to serve the development of Chinese economy on this basis, which is of great practical significance. The innovation of this paper lies in the fact that, first, considering the characteristics of different industries and adopting a more scientific analysis of the factors affecting different industries, the second is the trend analysis, which is widely used at present. There are many disadvantages in the methods of multivariate linear regression analysis. The grey correlation analysis can overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods and form a more scientific and reliable conclusion. Thirdly, the influence factors of American direct investment in China in different industries are compared vertically with the previous factors in order to explore the changing law of influencing factors in different periods. In addition to extractive industry, market and education factors have great influence on manufacturing, commercial wholesale, information and science and technology industry. Manufacturing is also affected by infrastructure. The extractive industry is mainly related to cost and institutional factors. The cost factor and the exchange rate factor influence degree to reduce.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F832.6
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本文編號(hào)：2153578