本文選題：產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化 + 對(duì)外直接投資　； 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：日本是對(duì)外直接投資大國(guó),從二戰(zhàn)后開始,其對(duì)外直接投資規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,經(jīng)驗(yàn)不斷成熟。1984年日本對(duì)外投資首先突破100億美元,達(dá)到101.5億美元,并在20世紀(jì)80年代末—躍成為當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的對(duì)外投資國(guó)。但是,隨著日本對(duì)外直接投資的發(fā)展,其與產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化的聯(lián)系開始不斷受到日本各界的質(zhì)疑。迄今為止,共出現(xiàn)了三次產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化的討論高潮。一些日本學(xué)者甚至認(rèn)為是日本對(duì)外直接投資直接導(dǎo)致了日本國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)的空心化。因此究竟該如何看待對(duì)外直接投資與日本國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)空洞化問題的關(guān)系,如何正確認(rèn)識(shí)日本產(chǎn)業(yè)空洞化形成的原因,對(duì)研究今后日本對(duì)外直接投資甚至日本經(jīng)濟(jì)走向都具有一定的意義,而這也是本文所要集中探討的課題。 本文從對(duì)外直接投資的角度來(lái)探討日本產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化的問題,主要包括日本對(duì)外直接投資對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化的影響和產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化的形成原因兩部分。其中日本對(duì)外直接投資對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化的影響主要從貿(mào)易、就業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)三方面來(lái)分析。首先,通過比較日本國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)和對(duì)外直接投資產(chǎn)業(yè)流向的變化過程,發(fā)現(xiàn)了日本對(duì)外直接投資促進(jìn)了國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的升級(jí)。其次,通過分析日本對(duì)外貿(mào)易和對(duì)外直接投資的數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)現(xiàn)日本對(duì)外直接投資產(chǎn)生的“誘發(fā)出口”的效果大于“替代出口”和“逆進(jìn)口”的效果。日本對(duì)外直接投資對(duì)日本對(duì)外貿(mào)易的互補(bǔ)作用要大于替代作用。對(duì)外直接投資在導(dǎo)致出口增加的同時(shí),也在增加進(jìn)口。日本對(duì)外直接投資并不必然導(dǎo)致貿(mào)易收支逆差。即使存在日本對(duì)外貿(mào)易逆差,日本對(duì)外直接投資企業(yè)也在東道國(guó)獲得了巨額利潤(rùn)收益,這些收益源源不斷的流回日本國(guó)內(nèi),又反過來(lái)促進(jìn)了國(guó)內(nèi)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,增強(qiáng)了日本在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)。并非如輿論中所認(rèn)為的出現(xiàn)貿(mào)易逆差,進(jìn)而出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化現(xiàn)象。第三,就業(yè)方面,通過分析日本二戰(zhàn)后完全失業(yè)率和各產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)人數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù),可以發(fā)現(xiàn)日本戰(zhàn)后就業(yè)問題確實(shí)客觀存在。但日本對(duì)外直接投資只是間接導(dǎo)致了日本國(guó)內(nèi)失業(yè)問題,并非主要原因。導(dǎo)致日本失業(yè)問題的原因有很多,包括最終處理不良債權(quán)對(duì)日本國(guó)內(nèi)就業(yè)的打擊、國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)需求不足、日本引進(jìn)外國(guó)直接投資和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)入規(guī)模太小,與常年大規(guī)模對(duì)外直接投資存在失衡等等。這些論據(jù)可以說(shuō)明對(duì)外直接投資并不一定導(dǎo)致日本產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化,否則對(duì)外直接投資大國(guó)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化現(xiàn)象。故日本輿論強(qiáng)行將日本國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化現(xiàn)象直接同海外直接投資聯(lián)系起來(lái),判斷是日本對(duì)外直接投資直接導(dǎo)致了日本國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)的空心化,而不考慮其他因素,則未免斷章取義。 筆者認(rèn)為,可以從國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整狀態(tài)和國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移來(lái)分析導(dǎo)致日本產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化的根本原因。從前者來(lái)看,日本國(guó)內(nèi)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展緩慢,無(wú)法跟上舊產(chǎn)業(yè)海外轉(zhuǎn)出的速度。從后者來(lái)看,直接投資“轉(zhuǎn)出多,轉(zhuǎn)入少”,內(nèi)外直接投資嚴(yán)重失衡。對(duì)外直接投資后導(dǎo)致的產(chǎn)業(yè)空間無(wú)法通過產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)入彌補(bǔ)。這些才是日本形成產(chǎn)業(yè)空心化的根本原因。
[Abstract]:Japan is a big foreign direct investment country. Since the Second World War, the scale of its foreign direct investment has been expanding. In.1984 years, Japan's foreign investment exceeded $10 billion, reaching $10 billion 150 million, and at the end of 1980s - the largest foreign investment country in the world. However, with Japan's foreign direct investment. The relationship with the Industrial Hollowing has been questioned by the Japanese people from all walks of life. So far, there have been three high climax in the discussion of Industrial Hollowing. Some Japanese scholars even think that Japan's foreign direct investment has directly led to the hollowing of domestic industry in Japan. The relationship between the problem of domestic industry cavitation and how to correctly understand the causes of the cavitation in Japan's industry are of great significance to the study of Japan's foreign direct investment and even the trend of Japan's economy, which is also a subject to be focused on in this article.
This paper discusses the problems of Japanese Industrial Hollowing from the perspective of foreign direct investment, mainly including the two parts of the impact of Japan's foreign direct investment on Industrial Hollowing and the cause of the formation of Industrial Hollowing. The impact of Japan's foreign direct investment on Industrial Hollowing is mainly analyzed from three aspects of trade, employment and industrial structure. First, by comparing the industrial structure upgrading of Japan and the changing process of FDI industry, it is found that Japan's foreign direct investment promotes the upgrading of the domestic industrial structure. Secondly, through the analysis of the data of Japan's foreign trade and foreign direct investment, the effect of "exportation" produced by Japan's foreign direct investment is found. Compared with the effect of "alternative export" and "reverse import", the complementary role of Japan's foreign direct investment to Japan's foreign trade is greater than the substitution effect. Foreign direct investment is also increasing imports while the export increases. Japan's foreign direct investment does not necessarily lead to a trade deficit deficit. Even if there is a Japanese foreign trade deficit The Japanese foreign direct investment enterprises have also gained a huge profit and profit in the host country. These returns have been flowing back to Japan, which in turn promoted the development of domestic high-tech industries and enhanced the comparative advantage of Japan in the international market. Third, in terms of employment, through the analysis of the data of the total unemployment rate and the number of employment in various industries after the war in Japan, we can find that the problem of postwar employment in Japan is indeed objective. However, Japan's foreign direct investment has only caused the problem of unemployment in Japan, not the main reason. There are many reasons for the unemployment problem in Japan. These arguments can indicate that the direct investment in foreign direct investment does not lead to the hollowing of Japan's industry, otherwise the foreign direct investment will be directly invested. Because of the phenomenon of Industrial Hollowing, Japanese public opinion strongly links the Japanese Domestic Industrial Hollowing to direct overseas investment. It is judged that Japan's foreign direct investment directly leads to the hollowing of domestic industry in Japan, but not other factors, it will be taken out of context.
The author believes that the fundamental reasons for the hollowing of the Japanese industry can be analyzed from the adjustment state of the domestic industrial structure and the transfer of the international industry. In the former case, the development of the Japanese domestic high-tech industry is slow and can not keep up with the speed of the transfer of the old industries abroad. Serious imbalance. The industrial space caused by foreign direct investment can not be compensated through industry transfer. These are the fundamental reasons for the formation of Industrial Hollowing in Japan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F833.13;F131.3

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