本文選題：企業(yè)國際化 + OFDI　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)90年代以來,中國已逐漸發(fā)展成為世界OFDI的重要來源國；與此同時,作為中國OFDI主要參與者的中國跨國公司對全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響力在持續(xù)增強(qiáng)。由此可見,從企業(yè)視角出發(fā),對經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化背景下的中國企業(yè)OFDI進(jìn)行研究具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。然而,強(qiáng)調(diào)“企業(yè)特定優(yōu)勢”的主流FDI理論和強(qiáng)調(diào)局部優(yōu)勢和比較優(yōu)勢的發(fā)展中國家FDI理論都無法對中國OFDI和中國跨國公司出現(xiàn)的一系列新現(xiàn)象做出合理的解釋。事實(shí)上,中國企業(yè)在國際化過程中表現(xiàn)出的一系列特征需要得到更多關(guān)注和思考。 因此本研究從微觀視角建立了一個適用于中國企業(yè)國際化模式選擇的理論模型,并在該模型的基礎(chǔ)上對中國企業(yè)的OFDI決策進(jìn)行深入研究；同時從宏觀視角對中國企業(yè)OFDI的決定因素進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究。希望在研究中利用宏微觀視角的結(jié)合,對中國企業(yè)的OFDI行為做出較為全面的解釋。 研究通過對企業(yè)國際化文獻(xiàn)的梳理歸納和比較分析,以國際化的成本比較框架為基礎(chǔ),并融合企業(yè)國際化階段論和折衷理論作為構(gòu)建國際化模式選擇模型的理論基礎(chǔ)和構(gòu)建方法；同時,通過對FDI理論和中國OFDI有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行的對比研究,從中提煉中國企業(yè)OFDI的特殊特征(包括對發(fā)達(dá)國家的“逆向投資”和制度因素的影響),作為建立中國式模型的重要因素。 在中國OFDI的微觀研究中,研究建立了這樣的理論模型,它建立在國際化活動成本比較和成本最小化原則的基礎(chǔ)上,專注于企業(yè)國際價值鏈上的三種主要價值增值活動(包括研發(fā)活動、生產(chǎn)活動、市場活動)的配置與協(xié)調(diào),建立了一系列與中國企業(yè)實(shí)際相吻合的基本假定和關(guān)于企業(yè)國際化的經(jīng)營成本(包括研發(fā)活動成本、生產(chǎn)活動成本、市場活動成本、知識流動成本、產(chǎn)品流動成本)和外生成本(包括資產(chǎn)獲取成本和政府政策成本)假定。將企業(yè)國際化模式選擇的決策分解為兩類：國際區(qū)位決策,即各種附加價值活動的配置問題；國際控制決策,即各種附加價值活動的內(nèi)部化與外部化的選擇問題。研究對不同國際區(qū)位決策和控制決策下的國際化模式的成本組合進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)中國企業(yè)國際化模式選擇模型的實(shí)質(zhì)是一個OFDI的決策模型,并獲得了對中國企業(yè)具有吸引力的國際化決策。 在中國OFDI的宏觀研究中,研究對中國企業(yè)OFDI的決定因素進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證和分析企業(yè)的微觀決策。結(jié)果顯示出口、政府政策與OFDI呈顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系；勞動力成本、直接匯率與OFDI呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系；平均企業(yè)規(guī)模與OFDI不存在顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。 通過微觀視角的數(shù)理模型推導(dǎo)和宏觀視角的實(shí)證分析,研究獲得了理論上中國企業(yè)國際化的最佳模式。它們在附加價值活動的國際配置上具有如下共同的特征：第一,將研發(fā)活動配置于海外,并采用OFDI方式。通過知識生產(chǎn)的國際化,節(jié)省研發(fā)活動成本；第二,以O(shè)FDI方式將生產(chǎn)活動配置于海外,實(shí)現(xiàn)與研發(fā)活動的緊密銜接,減少研發(fā)活動與生產(chǎn)活動間的知識流動成本,促進(jìn)知識的反向外溢；第三,對應(yīng)較小的資產(chǎn)獲取成本和政府政策成本。 由此,可以得到兩個對中國跨國公司成長具有重要意義的結(jié)論：第一,通過“逆向投資”獲取戰(zhàn)略資產(chǎn),特別是知識型戰(zhàn)略資產(chǎn),是加速企業(yè)特定優(yōu)勢(FSA)形成,進(jìn)而培育具有競爭優(yōu)勢的中國跨國公司的有效途徑。第二,中國特有的制度因素對中國企業(yè)的OFDI具有促進(jìn)作用,制度因素是加速中國跨國公司成長的契機(jī)。 研究給致力于構(gòu)建全球競爭優(yōu)勢的中國企業(yè)提供了以下戰(zhàn)略啟示：第一,積極通過對發(fā)達(dá)國家進(jìn)行“逆向投資”實(shí)施“追趕戰(zhàn)略”,是促進(jìn)中國跨國公司成長的有效路徑；第二,企業(yè)特定優(yōu)勢(FSA)是跨國公司國際競爭優(yōu)勢的源泉,促進(jìn)企業(yè)特定優(yōu)勢的形成是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化背景下中國跨國公司的首要任務(wù)；第三,企業(yè)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大不能促進(jìn)中國企業(yè)的OFDI,單純的規(guī)模擴(kuò)張并不能帶來企業(yè)特定優(yōu)勢的增強(qiáng)；第四,當(dāng)前中國特有的制度因素促進(jìn)了中國企業(yè)的OFDI,對這一契機(jī)的把握,可以加速中國跨國公司的成長。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s , China has gradually developed into an important source country in the world .
At the same time , the influence of Chinese transnational corporations as the main players in China ' s economic globalization has been continuously strengthened . From the perspective of enterprises , it is of great theoretical and practical significance for the research of Chinese enterprises in the context of economic globalization . However , the FDI theories of developing countries that emphasize the mainstream FDI theory of " enterprise - specific advantages " and the developing countries that emphasize local advantages and comparative advantages cannot reasonably explain a series of new phenomena in Chinese transnational corporations and Chinese transnational corporations . In fact , the series of characteristics that Chinese enterprises have shown in the internationalization process need to be more attention and thought .

Therefore , this study has established a theoretical model suitable for the choice of international model of Chinese enterprises from the micro - visual angle , and on the basis of the model , makes a thorough research on the decision - making of Chinese enterprises ;
At the same time , empirical research on the determinants of Chinese enterprises is carried out from the macro perspective . It is hoped that in the research , the macro - micro - visual angle will be used to explain the behavior of Chinese enterprises .

This paper summarizes and compares the international literature of enterprises , based on the international cost comparison framework , and combines enterprise internationalization stage theory and trade - off theory as the theoretical basis and construction method of constructing the international model selection model ;
At the same time , through the comparative study of FDI theory and relevant literatures in China , the special characteristics of Chinese enterprises ( including the influence of reverse investment and institutional factors on the developed countries ) are extracted from them as an important factor to establish the Chinese model .

In the micro - study of Chinese enterprises , a theoretical model is established , which is based on the principles of cost comparison and cost minimization , and focuses on the configuration and coordination of three major value - added activities ( including R & D activities , production activities , market activities ) on the international value chain of enterprises . A series of basic assumptions about the actual performance of enterprises and the assumption about the internationalization of enterprises ( including cost of R & D activities , production activities cost , market activity cost , knowledge flow cost , product flow cost ) and external production ( including asset acquisition cost and government policy cost ) are established . The decision - making of the choice of international model of enterprises is divided into two categories : international location decision - making , namely , the configuration of various additional value activities ;
International control decision - making , that is , the internalization of various added value activities and the choice of externalization , compares the cost combination of the international model under different international location decision - making and control decision - making , finds that the essence of the choice model of the international model of Chinese enterprises is a decision - making model , and obtains the international decision making attractive force to Chinese enterprises .

In the macro - research of Chinese enterprises , this paper makes an empirical analysis of the determinants of Chinese enterprises , and further verifies and analyzes the micro - decision - making of enterprises .
The labor cost , the direct exchange rate and the direct exchange rate have a significant negative correlation ;
There is no significant correlation between the average size of the enterprise and the enterprise .

Based on the theory of micro - visual angle and the empirical analysis of macro - visual angle , the paper obtains the best mode of internationalization of Chinese enterprises theoretically . They have the following common characteristics in the international arrangement of the additional value activities : Firstly , the R & D activities are arranged overseas and adopt the international mode . Through the internationalization of knowledge production , the cost of R & D activities is saved ;
secondly , the production activities are arranged overseas to realize close connection with the R & D activities , the knowledge flow cost between the R & D activities and the production activities is reduced , and the reverse overflow of the knowledge is promoted ;
Third , relatively small asset acquisition costs and government policy costs .

Therefore , we can get two important conclusions about the growth of Chinese transnational corporations . First , through the " reverse investment " to acquire strategic assets , especially the knowledge - based strategic assets , it is an effective way to accelerate the formation of strategic assets , especially the knowledge - based strategic assets , and cultivate the transnational corporations with competitive advantage . Second , China ' s unique institutional factors contribute to the development of Chinese enterprises , and the institutional factor is the opportunity to accelerate the growth of China ' s transnational corporations .

The research has provided the following strategic enlightenment to Chinese enterprises who are committed to building the global competitive advantage : First , the implementation of the " catch - up strategy " through " reverse investment " in developed countries is an effective way to promote the growth of transnational corporations in China ;
Second , the enterprise - specific advantage ( FSA ) is the source of the international competitive advantage of transnational corporations , and the formation of the specific advantages of enterprises is the top priority of China ' s transnational corporations under the background of economic globalization ;
Third , the expansion of the size of the enterprise cannot promote the development of the Chinese enterprises , and the scale expansion alone cannot bring about the enhancement of the specific advantages of the enterprise ;
Fourth , China ' s unique institutional factors have promoted the development of Chinese enterprises , which can speed up the growth of China ' s transnational corporations .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F279.2;F832.6;F224

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