本文選題：銀行體系 + 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：金融體系是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中最重要的構(gòu)成部分,其中銀行體系建設(shè)又是其中最重要的構(gòu)成成分。德國(guó)和日本是一對(duì)有參考價(jià)值的研究參照體,德國(guó)位于西方,其社會(huì)基本價(jià)值觀為西方的基本價(jià)值觀,日本位于東方,深受東方文化的浸染；德國(guó)和日本都是19世紀(jì)70年代后起的資本主義國(guó)家,都未進(jìn)行過較徹底的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命,都是通過改良主義進(jìn)入資本主義強(qiáng)國(guó)之列；兩國(guó)都以銀行與工商業(yè)資本的緊密結(jié)合為其特征,強(qiáng)調(diào)銀行在其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展歷史中的重要作用。這兩個(gè)分處歐亞大陸的國(guó)家又具有較強(qiáng)的封建性和軍國(guó)主義作風(fēng),在同時(shí)挑起了血腥的第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,又都同樣不可避免地以戰(zhàn)敗和經(jīng)濟(jì)的崩潰而告終。德國(guó)和日本均是二戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)敗國(guó),其戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟(jì)也均建立在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)援助和自身重建的基礎(chǔ)上,在戰(zhàn)后十分缺乏建設(shè)資金的關(guān)鍵性歷史時(shí)期,兩國(guó)的銀行體系也都發(fā)揮了重要作用,兩國(guó)也都經(jīng)歷了戰(zhàn)后的長(zhǎng)期繁榮,并于20世紀(jì)70年代前后雙雙問鼎世界第二和第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。 德國(guó)與日本商業(yè)銀行體系在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方面,德國(guó)的主辦銀行制度是“保姆”型的,為企業(yè)提供全方位的金融服務(wù),其融資功能是通過市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,儲(chǔ)蓄投資轉(zhuǎn)化率較高；日本的主辦銀行制度是“監(jiān)護(hù)人“型的,為企業(yè)提供無條件救助服務(wù),其融資功能是通過政府引導(dǎo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,相比較而言,其儲(chǔ)蓄投資轉(zhuǎn)化率較低,但是其資本邊際生產(chǎn)率較高,反映了在資金運(yùn)用能力方面政府能有效的引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí),最終達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長(zhǎng)。 德國(guó)與日本中央銀行體系在維持經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定方面,德國(guó)的金融監(jiān)管是面向全能型商業(yè)銀行體系以及銀行內(nèi)部提供的多樣化全方位的金融服務(wù)而設(shè)計(jì)的。在面對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)發(fā)生變化時(shí),更具有應(yīng)變能力,對(duì)金融自由化具有非常豐富的參考價(jià)值。日本的金融監(jiān)管是面對(duì)分業(yè)型商業(yè)銀行體系以及各銀行提供的專業(yè)化金融服務(wù)而設(shè)計(jì)的,在戰(zhàn)后的很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間符合日本自身國(guó)情,促進(jìn)了銀行體系的成熟,但缺乏對(duì)于金融自由化的應(yīng)變機(jī)制。從中央銀行獨(dú)立性來說,德國(guó)中央銀行的獨(dú)立性較高,能獨(dú)立的運(yùn)用貨幣政策工具保持物價(jià)穩(wěn)定,而日本中央銀行獨(dú)立性較差,其目標(biāo)主要在于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方面。 德國(guó)與日本的銀行體系都能促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng),但在維持經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定方面與應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境變化方面作用不同,因此德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)能始終保持穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng),而日本則進(jìn)入了長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷。這種銀行體系的差異是有制度因素的。首先,德國(guó)崇尚市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,企業(yè)是經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行和經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的主要執(zhí)行者和承擔(dān)者,國(guó)家不直接干預(yù)資源分配方式,由此帶來的是綜合性商業(yè)銀行與獨(dú)立性較強(qiáng)的中央銀行體制。其次,日本在戰(zhàn)后崇尚經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長(zhǎng)以達(dá)到趕超發(fā)達(dá)資本主義的目標(biāo),其經(jīng)濟(jì)是政府主導(dǎo)型的,銀行體系是經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行和經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的主要執(zhí)行者和承擔(dān)者,國(guó)家直接干預(yù)資源分配方式,由此帶來的是分業(yè)型商業(yè)銀行和獨(dú)立性較差的中央銀行。最后,在應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境的變化上,隨著資本市場(chǎng)直接融資的范圍擴(kuò)大,金融自由化的興起,日本政府干預(yù)下的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制越來越不適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化,從而導(dǎo)致銀行體系出現(xiàn)了較大的問題,不能有效的承擔(dān)個(gè)人與企業(yè)之間要素的最優(yōu)配置方案,從而造成了經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期低迷。 兩國(guó)銀行體系的不同,造成了其對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定影響的差異,這些差異對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中銀行體系的建設(shè)有非常深刻的借鑒意義。本文從戰(zhàn)后德日的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景與目前中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的比較出發(fā),通過分析德日銀行體系差異對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定的作用,提出了對(duì)中國(guó)銀行體系建設(shè)的啟示。
[Abstract]:The financial system is the most important component of a modern economic system, in which the construction of the banking system is the most important component. Germany and Japan are a reference body of reference. Germany is located in the west, its basic values of society are the basic values of the west, Japan is located in the East, and is deeply oriental culture. Impregnation; both Germany and Japan were the capitalist countries from the 1870s, all did not carry out a more thorough bourgeois revolution, they all entered the capitalist power through reformism; both countries were characterized by the close combination of banks and industrial and commercial capital, emphasizing the important role of banks in the history of their economic development. The two countries in Europe and Asia have strong feudalism and militaristic style. After the bloody Second World War, they all inevitably ended with the defeat and the collapse of the economy. Both Germany and Japan were defeated by World War II, and the post-war economy was also established in the United States economic assistance and its own weight. On the basis of the construction, the two countries' banking system has also played an important role in a critical period of lack of capital construction after the war. Both countries have also experienced the long-term prosperity after the war, and they both took up the world's second and the third largest economies around 1970s.
Germany and the Japanese commercial bank system in the promotion of economic growth, the German banking system is the "nanny" type, to provide a full range of financial services for enterprises, its financing function is realized through market competition, the high conversion rate of savings and investment; the Japanese host banking system is "Guardian" type, for enterprises to provide nothing In comparison, the conversion rate of savings and investment is relatively low, but its capital marginal productivity is relatively high, which reflects that the government can effectively guide the upgrading of the industrial structure and finally achieve the rapid economic growth.
Germany and the Central Bank of Japan are designed for the maintenance of economic stability. The German financial supervision is designed for the omni-directional commercial banking system and the diversified and full range of financial services provided within the bank. In the face of the changes at home and abroad, the financial liberalization has a more flexible force and has a very rich reference to financial liberalization. The financial supervision of Japan is designed in the face of the separate commercial bank system and the specialized financial services provided by the banks. It has been in line with Japan's own national conditions for a long time after the war, and has promoted the maturity of the banking system, but it lacks the strain mechanism for financial liberalization. From the independence of the central bank, the German Central Government Banks have high independence and can use monetary policy tools independently to keep prices stable, while the Central Bank of Japan is poor in independence and its target is mainly economic growth.
Both the German and Japanese banking systems can promote economic growth, but in maintaining economic stability and coping with domestic and foreign environmental changes, the German economy can maintain steady growth, while Japan has entered a long-term economic downturn. The difference in the banking system is institutional. In the field of competitive economic system, enterprises are the main executors and bearers of economic operation and economic policy. The state does not directly interfere with the distribution of resources, which brings about the comprehensive commercial banks and the strong independent central bank system. Secondly, Japan advocates the rapid growth of the economy in order to catch up with the developed capitalism in the post-war period. The economy is dominated by the government. The banking system is the main executor and bearer of the economic and economic policies. The state directly interfered with the distribution of resources, which brought about the separate commercial banks and the poor independent central banks. Finally, in response to the changes in the domestic and foreign environment, the direct financing of the capital market is a model. With the expansion and the rise of financial liberalization, the economic system under the intervention of the Japanese government is becoming more and more difficult to adapt to the changes in the environment, which leads to a large problem in the banking system, which can not effectively undertake the optimal allocation of the elements between individuals and enterprises, thus resulting in a long-term economic downturn.
The difference in the banking system between the two countries has caused the difference between the economic growth and the economic stability. These differences have a profound reference to the construction of the banking system in China's economic development. This paper compares the economic background of post-war Germany and Japan with the current economic environment in China, and analyzes the economy of Germany and Japan by analyzing the differences in the economy. The role of growth and economic stability raises the inspiration for China's banking system construction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F831.1;F113

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本文編號(hào)：1859552