本文選題：草原生態(tài)恢復(fù) + 金融工程��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：全球擁有非常豐富的草地資源，但一半以上的草原資源退化程度達(dá)到輕度和中度。我國(guó)是世界上擁有豐富的草地資源的國(guó)家之一，草原面積約占國(guó)土總面積的41％。但這些地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱，一些自然因素（包括降水和氣候變化等）和一些人為因素（以過(guò)度放牧為代表的掠奪式開發(fā)和投入不足等）造成我國(guó)90%以上草原存在著不同程度的退化。草地退化造成土地鹽堿化、荒漠化和沙漠化等問(wèn)題，還衍生出沙塵暴等新的生態(tài)問(wèn)題。草原退化帶來(lái)的惡果在會(huì)影響當(dāng)?shù)氐耐瑫r(shí)，還會(huì)擴(kuò)展至全國(guó)乃至全球。因此，草原退化已經(jīng)成為全球共同關(guān)注的一個(gè)生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。 我國(guó)各級(jí)政府和人民逐步認(rèn)識(shí)到草原退化的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，國(guó)家已經(jīng)在全國(guó)13個(gè)�。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)）陸續(xù)實(shí)施了退牧還草、京津風(fēng)沙源治理等草原生態(tài)治理工程，取得了一定的成果。然而牧區(qū)“人礦草畜”之間的突出矛盾并未有效緩解，草原生呈現(xiàn)出“局部改善、總體惡化”、“治理速度趕不上退化速度”的被動(dòng)局面。這主要是由于：牧區(qū)居民具有發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、提高生活水平的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)，而草原地區(qū)具有相對(duì)有限的生態(tài)負(fù)載能力的外在約束，這種內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)和外在約束在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)很難調(diào)和。如何將草原生態(tài)恢復(fù)與當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有機(jī)整合，為草原地區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)完整、有效的可持續(xù)發(fā)展模式？在遵循草原生態(tài)規(guī)律下，探索一條適合人與自然和諧共存的可持續(xù)發(fā)展模式已成為亟待解決的重大理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。 本文創(chuàng)造性的提出草原生態(tài)金融工程的概念和構(gòu)想，設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的制度，創(chuàng)新性地構(gòu)造結(jié)構(gòu)化的草原生態(tài)金融工程系統(tǒng)。草原生態(tài)金融工程系統(tǒng)的主要基本思路是：在“草原統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃、項(xiàng)目市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作、生產(chǎn)分散進(jìn)行、資金統(tǒng)籌使用”的政策安排原則下，應(yīng)用杠桿原理，采取“政府引導(dǎo)、牧戶經(jīng)營(yíng)、社會(huì)參與”的建設(shè)模式，將草原生態(tài)恢復(fù)、牧戶安穩(wěn)致富和草原經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有效結(jié)合，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)草原經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 草原生態(tài)金融工程系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)很大的框架，，牽涉到生態(tài)學(xué)、系統(tǒng)工程、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和金融學(xué)等多學(xué)科的內(nèi)容，屬于交叉學(xué)科的理論延伸和應(yīng)用。按照理論規(guī)范分析與實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)分析相結(jié)合的研究思路，本文可以分為如下兩個(gè)部分： 其一，理論規(guī)范分析。以可持續(xù)理論為基礎(chǔ)，本文系統(tǒng)梳理已有的研究成果，闡述了草原生態(tài)金融工程的理論基礎(chǔ)，介紹了草原生態(tài)金融工程的主要內(nèi)容，在對(duì)其成本收益進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)出融資方案、金融服務(wù)體系和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制體系。 其二，實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)分析。在實(shí)地調(diào)研和相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)收集的基礎(chǔ)上，本文對(duì)草原生態(tài)金融工程的成本和收益進(jìn)行測(cè)算和分析，對(duì)工程實(shí)施可能面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。此外，利用主成份分析法，本文還對(duì)草原地區(qū)1999~2010年的生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進(jìn)行度量，找出影響草原地區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的指標(biāo)，驗(yàn)證了草原生態(tài)金融工程的科學(xué)性。 據(jù)此，本文的主要內(nèi)容安排如下： 引言部分主要闡明本文的研究背景和研究意義，并對(duì)草原生態(tài)金融工程等概念進(jìn)行界定，然后介紹了本文的研究方法、研究思路、主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新與不足，以及對(duì)未來(lái)研究的展望等。 第一章主要對(duì)草原生態(tài)金融工程相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)做一個(gè)詳細(xì)梳理，主要從可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論、環(huán)境金融與生態(tài)融資、草原生態(tài)治理、牧民貧困化、生態(tài)補(bǔ)償?shù)确矫嬲归_，并在最后對(duì)這些國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。 第二章主要闡述了草原生態(tài)金融工程的理論基礎(chǔ)。作為一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，草原生態(tài)金融工程不但充分吸納了國(guó)內(nèi)外的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而且有堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)，主要涉及到的理論有：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、宏觀金融工程和產(chǎn)業(yè)金融工程。 第三章提出草原生態(tài)金融工程的概念，闡述了杠桿原理的運(yùn)用。在此基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)出草原生態(tài)金融工程的主要思路和建設(shè)內(nèi)容，設(shè)計(jì)出草原生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。 第四章首先對(duì)當(dāng)前草原生態(tài)破壞造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失進(jìn)行估算，然后對(duì)草原生態(tài)金融工程的實(shí)際成本與收益進(jìn)行定性分析和定量分析，最后論述了草原生態(tài)金融工程實(shí)施后的在生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)三方面存在的正外部性。 第五章在對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)資金工程體系進(jìn)行研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)草原生態(tài)建設(shè)的投融資現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析，進(jìn)而設(shè)計(jì)出草原生態(tài)金融工程的融資體系和金融服務(wù)體系。 草原生態(tài)金融工程面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題屬于產(chǎn)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的范疇，因此，第六章在對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)理論進(jìn)行研究的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別分析和度量，并最終提出有效、合理的控制和管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的措施。 第七章關(guān)于草原生態(tài)金融工程的實(shí)證研究。第八章是結(jié)論與政策建議。 文章的創(chuàng)新之處體現(xiàn)于以下方面：第一，創(chuàng)造性的提出“草原生態(tài)金融工程”概念，為草原地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)與社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的研究提供了新思路和新視角。第二，創(chuàng)造性的將金融工程相關(guān)理論運(yùn)用到草原生態(tài)治理中，為后人在生態(tài)金融理論方面進(jìn)行拓展和升華提供了一個(gè)案例。第三，宏觀金融工程理論和產(chǎn)業(yè)金融工程理論都是比較新興的研究方向，相關(guān)研究不是很多，本文在主體部分對(duì)這些理論在草原的實(shí)際應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了拓展研究。
[Abstract]:There are very rich grassland resources in the world, but more than half of the grassland resources have been degraded slightly and moderately. China is one of the countries with rich grassland resources in the world. The grassland area is about 41%. of the total land area, but the ecological environment of these areas is fragile, and some natural factors (including precipitation and climate change, etc.) Some man-made factors, such as the predatory exploitation and insufficient investment represented by overgrazing, have resulted in different degrees of degradation in the grassland of more than 90% of our country. Grassland degradation has caused the problems of salinization, desertification and desertification, as well as some new ecological problems, such as sandstorms. The consequences of grassland degradation will affect the local conditions. It will also expand to the whole country and even the whole world. Therefore, grassland degradation has become an environmental issue of common concern worldwide.
The government and people at all levels in our country have gradually realized the severe situation of grassland degradation. The state has already implemented grassland ecological management projects in 13 provinces (autonomous regions) in China, such as returning pasture to grass, and controlling the wind and sand sources in Beijing and Tianjin. The passive situation of "local improvement, overall deterioration", "the speed of governance is not up to the rate of degradation", is mainly due to the inherent motivation of the population of pastoral areas to develop the economy and improve their living standards, while the grassland area has a relatively limited external constraint on the capacity of ecological load, which is within a period of time. It is difficult to reconcile. How to integrate the restoration of grassland ecology with the local economic development and design a complete and effective sustainable development model for the grassland area? Under the grassland ecological law, it has become a major theoretical and realistic problem to explore a sustainable development model suitable for the harmonious coexistence of human and nature.
This paper creatively puts forward the concept and conception of grassland ecological financial engineering, designs the related system and innovatively constructs the structured grassland ecological financial engineering system. The main basic ideas of the grassland ecological financial engineering system are: "the unified planning of grassland, the market operation of the project, the dispersion of production and the overall use of funds" Under the principle of policy arrangement, using the principle of leverage, taking the construction model of "government guidance, herdsman management, social participation", restoring grassland ecology, the effective combination of herdsmen to prosperity and grassland economic development, so as to realize the sustainable development of grassland economy and society.
The grassland ecological financial engineering system is a very big frame, involving many subjects such as ecology, system engineering, economics and finance. It belongs to the theory extension and application of interdisciplinary. According to the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical data analysis, this paper can be divided into two parts as follows:
First, theoretical analysis and theoretical analysis. Based on the sustainable theory, this paper systematically combs the existing research results, expounds the theoretical basis of the grassland ecological financial engineering, introduces the main content of the grassland ecological financial engineering, and sets up the financing scheme, the financial service system and the risk control system on the basis of the analysis of its cost and income.
Secondly, empirical data analysis. On the basis of field investigation and related data collection, this paper calculates and analyzes the cost and income of grassland ecological financial engineering, and analyzes the possible risk of the project implementation. In addition, using the principal component analysis, the ecological, economic and social of 1999~2010 years in the grassland area can be used. The indicators of sustainable development in grassland areas were identified and the scientific nature of grassland ecological financial engineering was verified.
According to this, the main contents of this paper are as follows:
The introduction part mainly clarifies the research background and significance of this paper, and defines the concepts of grassland ecological financial engineering, and then introduces the research methods, research ideas, main innovations and shortcomings, and the prospect of future research.
The first chapter makes a detailed review of the literature related to grassland ecological and financial engineering, mainly from the theory of sustainable development, environmental finance and ecological financing, grassland ecological management, herdsmen poverty, ecological compensation and so on, and the final evaluation of the related research at home and abroad.
The second chapter mainly expounds the theoretical basis of the grassland ecological financial engineering. As a systematic project, the grassland ecological financial engineering not only fully absorbs the practical experience at home and abroad, but also has a solid theoretical basis. The main theories are economics, ecological economics, macro financial engineering and industrial financial engineering.
In the third chapter, the concept of grassland ecological financial engineering is put forward, and the application of lever principle is expounded. On this basis, the main ideas and construction content of grassland ecological financial engineering are summed up, and the ecological chain of grassland ecological industry is designed.
The fourth chapter first estimates the economic losses caused by the current grassland ecological destruction, and then qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the actual cost and income of the grassland ecological financial engineering, and finally discusses the positive externalities of the ecological, economic and social three sides after the implementation of the grassland ecological financial engineering.
The fifth chapter, on the basis of the research on the industrial capital engineering system, analyzes the current situation of the investment and financing of the grassland ecological construction, and then designs the financing system and the financial service system of the grassland ecological financial engineering.
The risk problems facing the grassland ecological financial engineering belong to the category of industrial risk. Therefore, on the basis of the research on the industrial risk theory, the sixth chapter carries out the risk identification analysis and measurement, and finally puts forward effective and reasonable measures to control and manage the risk.
The seventh chapter is about the empirical research of grassland ecological financial engineering. The eighth chapter is the conclusion and policy recommendations.
The innovation of this article is embodied in the following aspects: first, the concept of "grassland ecological financial engineering" is creatively proposed to provide new ideas and new perspectives for the realization of ecological system, the sustainable development and coordinated development of the economic system and social system in the grassland area. Second, the creative theory of financial engineering related to the grass is applied to the grass. In the original ecological governance, a case has been provided for the future generations to expand and sublimate the theory of ecological finance. Third, the theory of macro financial engineering and the theory of industrial and financial engineering are both new research directions, and the related research is not much. In this paper, the practical application of these theories in the grassland is expanded in the main part.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F323.212;F832

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2 吳晶晶;紅原大草原生態(tài)惡化不容樂(lè)觀[N];中國(guó)畜牧獸醫(yī)報(bào);2007年

3 蔡冬梅 劉紅星;從源頭解決草原生態(tài)問(wèn)題[N];內(nèi)蒙古日?qǐng)?bào)(漢);2006年

4 記者 楊朝東;要實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展與生態(tài)雙贏 人與自然相和諧[N];通遼日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

5 胡左邋胡鈺;深入探討建設(shè)草原生態(tài)文明[N];科技日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

6 王長(zhǎng)江;杜爾伯特綠色草原生態(tài)富裕共生[N];黑龍江經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào);2008年

7 青海省草原監(jiān)理站站長(zhǎng) 蔡佩云;以科學(xué)保護(hù)措施推進(jìn)草原生態(tài)良性發(fā)展[N];農(nóng)民日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

8 張德華　邊建平;西烏旗要建“草原生態(tài)旅游城鎮(zhèn)”[N];中國(guó)旅游報(bào);2004年

9 本報(bào)記者 王鑫 見習(xí)記者 趙以霞;拯救草原生態(tài)[N];中國(guó)水利報(bào);2003年

10 本報(bào)通訊員 楊愛群;堅(jiān)持不懈保護(hù)草原生態(tài)[N];中國(guó)環(huán)境報(bào);2010年

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2 盧英;中國(guó)草原生態(tài)金融工程研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2012年

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1 秦丹;西藏草原生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究[D];四川師范大學(xué);2004年

2 娜日蘇;牧民視角下的草原生態(tài)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)政策實(shí)施的效果影響分析[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2013年

3 王歡;草原生態(tài)文化與環(huán)境教育初探[D];中央民族大學(xué);2008年

4 曙光;草原生態(tài)服務(wù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

5 暢慧勤;西藏阿里草原生態(tài)承載力研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2012年

6 楊文輝;基于GIS東烏珠穆沁旗草原生態(tài)工程信息系統(tǒng)的研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

7 榮麗華;內(nèi)蒙古中部草原生態(tài)住區(qū)適宜規(guī)模及布局研究[D];西安建筑科技大學(xué);2004年

8 郭建德;我國(guó)草原生態(tài)治理政策制定中的公民參與研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2010年

9 莎日娜;蒙古族草原生態(tài)文化的傳承與借鑒研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

10 陳冬華;社會(huì)學(xué)視野中的甘南“三牧”問(wèn)題研究[D];西北民族大學(xué);2007年

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