本文選題：城市商業(yè)銀行 + 跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營��； 參考：《西南財經(jīng)大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國,城市商業(yè)銀行是在城市信用社的基礎之上發(fā)展起來的,從設立之初,各地城市商業(yè)銀行發(fā)展迅速,到上世紀末已經(jīng)有5000多家。但是,隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,城市信用社在風險管理等諸多方面的欠缺逐漸暴露,其已經(jīng)無法支撐日益蓬勃的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,于是在上個世紀末,城市商業(yè)銀行誕生了。作為在中國特殊歷史條件下形成的產(chǎn)物,可以說,城市商業(yè)銀行是政府部門化解地方金融風險、整頓城市信用社的工具和手段。目前,城市商業(yè)銀行既是我國金融體系的特殊群體,也是其重要組成部分之一,截至2011年10月,由中國人民銀行管理、中國銀監(jiān)會監(jiān)管的在冊銀行共137家(其中西藏銀行正在籌建)。 1995年9月7日,為了從根本上解決城市信用社的金融風險問題,國務院發(fā)布了《關于組建城市合作銀行的通知》,決定自1995年起在撤并城市信用社的基礎上,在35個大中城市分批組建由企業(yè)、居民和地方財政投資入股的地方性股份制城市合作銀行,城市商業(yè)銀行發(fā)展的歷史帷幕從此拉開。 近幾年,各城市商業(yè)銀行開展跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營的勢頭愈演愈烈,本文正是在這種背景下,展開了對其研究。首先從其研究概況入手,總結分析了國內外前輩的研究成果。在國內,關于城市商業(yè)銀行跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營的研究經(jīng)歷了從最初定性分析向后來定量分析發(fā)展的過程。定性研究主要圍繞如下幾個方面展開：(1)城市商業(yè)銀行在跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營過程中存在什么問題,面臨何種困難?(2)如果實行跨區(qū)域發(fā)展,在合并重組、收購兼并、自我擴張等縱多跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營模式當中,城市商業(yè)銀行應該如何進行模式選擇?(3)根據(jù)對現(xiàn)有模式的分析,城市商業(yè)銀行跨區(qū)域發(fā)展的啟示有哪些?關于第一個問題,學者們基本能夠達成共識,認為城市商業(yè)銀行在實行跨區(qū)域發(fā)展的過程中,人才支撐、技術支撐以及風險控制能力等問題是其迫切需要解決的。對于經(jīng)營模式的選擇,學者們主要關注的是合理性的問題,即模式選擇應該是因人而異的,銀行應該根據(jù)自身實際情況,選擇一種適合自己發(fā)展的模式,盡量遵循循序漸進的原則,切勿盲目推崇“跨越式發(fā)展”。關于啟示,主要是對城市商業(yè)銀行今后的發(fā)展道路提供建議,以及相關愿景展望,基本認為,提升城市商業(yè)銀行跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營的綜合效率,兼顧成本效率和利潤效率是必須的。 關于城市商業(yè)銀行的定量研究,學者們的研究主要集中在對城市商業(yè)銀行效率的分解以及其與國有銀行、全國股份制銀行之間的對比分析,效率分解是指將城市商業(yè)銀行的效率分解為規(guī)模效率、純技術效率、配置效率,然后分析效率提高的具體原因。近幾年,關于城市商業(yè)銀行效率的影響因素研究開始浮出水面,學者們也是從各個方面,用不同的方法和模型進行了實證研究。 國外研究中,主要以美國的相關研究較多,在美國,與我國城市商業(yè)銀行性質類似的銀行叫做社區(qū)銀行,研究結論基本認為,地理多元化發(fā)展有利于社區(qū)銀行的效率提高。 對國內外學者的研究成果進行一定總結之后,本文梳理了城市商業(yè)銀行跨區(qū)域發(fā)展的歷程,從銀川市商業(yè)銀行的首家異地分支機構吳忠支行在2001年成立以來,尤其是在2006年銀監(jiān)會明確鼓勵城市商業(yè)銀行實行跨區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略之后,部分城市商業(yè)銀行加快了跨區(qū)域發(fā)展的步伐,形成了形式多樣的跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營模式。緊接著又介紹了城市商業(yè)銀行跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營的相關理論基礎以及實證研究方法。城市商業(yè)銀行之所以選擇跨區(qū)域發(fā)展,從經(jīng)濟學角度來看,主要是基于規(guī)模經(jīng)濟和范圍經(jīng)濟兩方面的考慮。關于銀行效率的實證研究方法,主要有參數(shù)法和非參數(shù)法兩大類,其中參數(shù)估計法包括自由分布法、隨機前沿法和厚前沿法；非參數(shù)估計法包括數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析法和自由排列包方法,這些方法在研究中各有利弊,其中非參數(shù)法中的數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析法是一個比較常用的分析工具,也是本文選擇的分析方法。數(shù)據(jù)包絡分析法(DEA)包括兩個模型,CCR模型和BCC模型,其中CCR模型假設銀行規(guī)模收益不變,而BCC模型假設銀行規(guī)模收益可變。BCC模型求得的效率值對應于可變規(guī)模收益情形下的純技術效率PTE。結合CCR模型測算出來的技術效率值TE,根據(jù)技術效率(TE)=規(guī)模效率(SE)×純技術效率(PTE)的公式,可以求得銀行的規(guī)模效率值SE。通過對技術效率的分解,可以知道相對無效率形成的具體原因,是由技術條件還是規(guī)模條件引起的。效率測度之后,關于其影響因素的實證分析,本文運用的是刪失模型中的Tobit模型,選擇這個模型主要是出于對被解釋變量數(shù)據(jù)特征的考慮,運用DEA方法測度的效率值,其取值區(qū)間是(0,1],只有片斷數(shù)據(jù),如果直接運用普通的最小二乘法回歸,則參數(shù)估計會出現(xiàn)有偏性和一致性問題,而Tobit模型能夠很好的避免這類問題,所以是本文的理想模型之選。 本文的第四章和第五章分別對城市商業(yè)銀行跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營的效率值和其影響因素進行了實證分析。樣本選擇的是2008年及其之前已經(jīng)實行了跨區(qū)域發(fā)展的19家城市商業(yè)銀行2008-2010年的面板數(shù)據(jù)。其中第四章首先介紹了投入、產(chǎn)出指標的選擇及其理由,然后對跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營的城市商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營效率進行了測度,根據(jù)測度結果對城市商業(yè)銀行的效率時間發(fā)展趨勢進行了說明,并對城市商業(yè)銀行跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營的合理性問題用數(shù)據(jù)進行了闡述,同時對關于城市商業(yè)銀行的發(fā)展是否存在規(guī)模經(jīng)濟也作了一定的說明。得出的結論是,城市商業(yè)銀行的綜合效率從2008年到2010年基本是穩(wěn)步提高的；跨區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略不應盲目實施,應根據(jù)自身情況綜合考慮；規(guī)模經(jīng)濟也不是一定存在于所有城市商業(yè)銀行,只有部分存在,另一部分甚至存在規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟。第五章主要對影響城市商業(yè)銀行跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營效率的影響因素進行了回歸分析,首先是對數(shù)據(jù)的平穩(wěn)性進行了檢驗,檢驗結果顯示,數(shù)據(jù)基本平穩(wěn),所以可以確定本文的回歸結果是真實可靠的,研究結果表明：(1)城市商業(yè)銀行的規(guī)模與其綜合效率負相關。但在10%的置信水平下,相關關系不顯著；(2)城市商業(yè)銀行的不良貸款率與其綜合效率負相關；(3)回歸結果顯示權益收益率(ROE)與綜合效率負相關；(4)10%的置信水平下,城市商業(yè)銀行的跨區(qū)域程度與其綜合效率顯著正相關；(5)成本收入比與經(jīng)營效率顯著負相關；(6)金融創(chuàng)新能力與綜合效率在10%的置信水平下沒有通過顯著性檢驗,者不相關。 城市商業(yè)銀行跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營的戰(zhàn)略目標,既是銀行自身的決策問題,更是一個系統(tǒng)問題。對銀行自身來說,盲目的規(guī)模擴張可能會扭曲銀行的個性化,但是只要市場定位鮮明,跨區(qū)域發(fā)展是能夠促進銀行的可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的。所以在文章的最后,本文對城市商業(yè)銀行實施跨區(qū)經(jīng)營的具體實踐過程提出以下幾點建議：(1)城市商業(yè)銀行在經(jīng)營過程中,應將跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營看作其發(fā)展的一項長期趨勢,在鞏固好自身的本地業(yè)務后再考慮跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營,跨區(qū)域發(fā)展有利于城市商業(yè)銀行在發(fā)展過程中化解風險、規(guī)避區(qū)域經(jīng)濟風險,但這只是一項長期趨勢。在短期過程中,要注意避免盲目擴張,正如本文第四章的實證結果所顯示的那樣,規(guī)模經(jīng)濟并不是適用于所有銀行。同時還要注意提高已建成異地分支機構的質量,加強管理,盡量避免因機構冗余和管理不善等原因所造成的銀行總體經(jīng)營績效的下降。(2)城市商業(yè)銀行應當避免以跨區(qū)域發(fā)展為手段,盲目的擴大貸款規(guī)模,應注重貸款質量的提升。不良貸款率的上升勢必提高銀行的經(jīng)營風險,不利于銀行的綜合效率提升。(3)城市商業(yè)銀行在跨區(qū)域發(fā)展過程中,應不斷提高其成本控制能力。無論是從短期還是從長期來看,城市商業(yè)銀行都應當保證自身的技術管理水平能與跨區(qū)域發(fā)展的速度相匹配,提升資產(chǎn)質量和降低不必要的成本消耗是城市商業(yè)銀行提升跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營績效的必由之路。(4)已經(jīng)實行了跨區(qū)域發(fā)展的城市商業(yè)銀行,加快跨區(qū)域程度的發(fā)展有利于自身綜合效率的提高,因此,應該加足馬力,加快異地分支機構的建設與管理,以提高自身綜合實力,增強競爭力。
[Abstract]:In China, urban commercial banks are developed on the basis of the city credit cooperatives. From the beginning of the establishment, the city commercial banks have developed rapidly and there have been more than 5000 at the end of the last century. However, with the development of the economy, the shortage of urban credit cooperatives in many aspects such as risk management has been gradually exposed, which has been unable to support the growing flourishing. At the end of last century, the city commercial bank was born. As a product formed under the special historical condition of China, it can be said that the city commercial bank is the tool and means of the government departments to resolve the local financial risks and rectify the city credit cooperatives. As of October 2011, by the people's Bank of China, 137 of the registered banks supervised by the China Banking Regulatory Commission (of which the Bank of Tibet are in preparation).
In September 7, 1995, in order to fundamentally solve the financial risk problems of the city credit cooperatives, the State Council issued a notice on the formation of the City cooperative bank, and decided to set up a local joint stock city in 35 large and medium-sized cities on the basis of the withdrawal of urban credit cooperatives in 1995. As a bank, the historical curtain of the development of city commercial banks has been opened.
In recent years, the momentum of cross regional management in urban commercial banks is becoming more and more intense. This paper is just under this background and has carried out its research. First, the research results of the predecessors at home and abroad are summarized and analyzed. In China, the research on the cross-border management of urban commercial banks has experienced from the initial qualitative analysis to the backward. The qualitative research mainly focuses on the following aspects: (1) what problems are existing in the process of trans regional business and what are the difficulties faced by urban commercial banks? (2) urban commercial banks should be in the middle of multi regional management mode such as mergers and acquisitions, mergers and acquisitions, and self expansion. How to choose the pattern? (3) according to the analysis of the existing models, what is the inspiration for the trans regional development of urban commercial banks? On the first question, the scholars are basically able to reach a consensus that in the process of the implementation of the trans regional development of the city commercial banks, the problems of talent support, technical support and risk control ability are its compelled. It is necessary to solve the problem. As for the choice of business models, scholars are mainly concerned with the problem of rationality, that is, pattern selection should be different from people. Banks should choose a model suitable for their own development according to their own actual conditions, follow the principle of gradual progress, and do not blindly praise "leap forward development". The main idea is to provide suggestions for the future development of urban commercial banks, as well as the prospects of the related vision. It is believed that it is necessary to improve the comprehensive efficiency of the trans regional business of urban commercial banks and take both cost efficiency and profit efficiency into consideration.
On the quantitative research of urban commercial banks, the scholars' research mainly focuses on the decomposition of the efficiency of urban commercial banks and the comparison between the state-owned banks and national joint-stock banks. The efficiency decomposition refers to the decomposition of the efficiency of urban commercial banks into scale efficiency, pure technical efficiency and allocation efficiency, and then the efficiency is analyzed. In recent years, the research on the influencing factors of urban commercial banks' efficiency has begun to emerge, and scholars have conducted empirical studies in different ways and models from various aspects.
In the study of foreign countries, mainly in the United States related research, in the United States, in the United States, similar to our city commercial banks are called community banks. Research conclusions basically believe that the development of geographical diversification is conducive to the efficiency of community banks.
After a certain summary of the research results of domestic and foreign scholars, this paper combs the course of the trans regional development of urban commercial banks, since the first foreign branch of Yinchuan commercial bank, Wu Zhong branch, was established in 2001, especially after the CBRC clearly encouraged the city commercial banks to carry out the trans regional development strategy in 2006. Urban commercial banks have accelerated the pace of cross regional development and formed a variety of cross regional management models. Then, it also introduces the theoretical basis and empirical research methods of the trans regional management of urban commercial banks. The reason why urban commercial banks choose to cross regional development is mainly based on the scale of economics. The two aspects of economic and economic scope are considered. There are two main types of empirical research on bank efficiency, including parameter method and non parametric method, of which parameter estimation methods include free distribution, random frontier and thick frontier, and non parametric estimation methods include data envelopment analysis and self permutation method. These methods are beneficial in the study. The DEA method in the non parametric method is a common analysis tool and the analysis method selected in this paper. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) includes two models, CCR model and BCC model, in which the CCR model assumes that the bank scale returns are unchanged, and the BCC model assumes the effect of the variable.BCC model of bank scale returns. The rate value corresponds to the technical efficiency value TE calculated by the pure technical efficiency PTE. combined with the CCR model under the variable scale income situation. According to the formula of the technical efficiency (TE) = scale efficiency (SE) * pure technical efficiency (PTE), the bank's scale efficiency value SE. can be obtained through the decomposition of the technical efficiency, and the specific original of the relative inefficiency can be known. It is caused by the technical condition or the scale condition. After the efficiency measure, the empirical analysis of its influencing factors is used in this paper. The Tobit model in the censored model is used in this paper. The selection of the model is mainly from the consideration of the data characteristics of the explanatory variables and the use of the DEA method to measure the efficiency value. The value interval is (0,1], only fragments). If the data is directly used by the ordinary least squares regression, the parameter estimation will be biased and consistent, and the Tobit model can avoid this kind of problem well, so it is the ideal model of this paper.
The fourth and fifth chapters of this paper make an empirical analysis of the efficiency value and the influencing factors of the trans regional operation of the urban commercial banks. The sample selection is the panel data of the 19 urban commercial banks which have already implemented the cross regional development in 2008 and before. The fourth chapters first introduce the input and output indicators. Selection and reason, and then measure the operating efficiency of urban commercial banks operating across the region. According to the results of the measurement, the development trend of the efficiency time of urban commercial banks is explained, and the reasonableness of the cross regional management of urban commercial banks is expounded, and the development of urban commercial banks is also made. The conclusion is that the comprehensive efficiency of urban commercial banks has been steadily improved from 2008 to 2010; the trans regional development strategy should not be implemented blindly and should be considered according to its own circumstances; the scale economy is not a definite existence in all urban commercial banks, only the Department. In the fifth chapter, the factors that affect the cross regional operation efficiency of urban commercial banks are analyzed. First, the stability of the data is tested. The results show that the data are basically stable, so it is true and reliable to study the results of this paper. The results are as follows: (1) the scale of urban commercial banks is negatively related to their comprehensive efficiency. But under the confidence level of 10%, the correlation is not significant; (2) the bad loan rate of urban commercial banks is negatively related to their comprehensive efficiency; (3) the return results show the negative correlation between ROE and the comprehensive efficiency; (4) under the confidence level of 10%, the city business is under the confidence level. The cross regional degree of the bank has a significant positive correlation with its comprehensive efficiency; (5) the cost and income ratio has a significant negative correlation with the operating efficiency; (6) the financial innovation ability and comprehensive efficiency have not passed the significant test under the confidence level of 10%, and the people are not related.
The strategic goal of the trans regional management of the city commercial banks is not only the decision problem of the banks themselves, but also a systematic problem. For the banks themselves, the blind scale expansion may distort the individualization of the banks. However, as long as the market positioning is distinct, the cross region development can promote the sustainable development strategy of the bank. Finally, the following suggestions are put forward for the specific practice process of urban commercial banks' implementation of cross district management: (1) in the course of operation, urban commercial banks should consider cross regional management as a long-term trend of its development. After consolidating its own local business, it should consider cross regional operation and cross regional development in favor of urban commercial banking. It is a long-term trend to avoid risks and avoid regional economic risks in the course of development. In the short term, we should pay attention to avoid blind expansion. As the empirical results of the fourth chapter show, the economies of scale are not applicable to all banks. Meanwhile, we should also pay attention to improving the quality of the established foreign branches. Strong management, try to avoid the decline of overall bank management performance caused by institutional redundancy and poor management. (2) the urban commercial banks should avoid the cross regional development as a means to expand the loan scale blindly, and should pay more attention to the improvement of the loan quality. (3) the city commercial banks should constantly improve their cost control ability in the process of cross regional development. Both in the short term and in the long run, urban commercial banks should ensure that their own technical management level can match the speed of cross regional development, improve the quality of assets and reduce unnecessary cost elimination. Consumption is the only way for urban commercial banks to improve the performance of cross regional business performance. (4) the urban commercial banks have been implemented across regional development, speeding up the development of cross regional level is conducive to the improvement of their comprehensive efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to add a lot of horsepower to speed up the construction and management of foreign branches, so as to improve their comprehensive strength and enhance the competition. Power.

【學位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.33;F224

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