本文選題：微型金融 + 使命偏移　； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)70年代和80年代,微型金融興起于亞非拉發(fā)展中國(guó)家,90年代以來(lái)得到了迅速發(fā)展,有效補(bǔ)充許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家的傳統(tǒng)金融體系。為了解決我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)短缺的問(wèn)題,微型金融被引入我國(guó),經(jīng)過(guò)這20多年的快速發(fā)展,我國(guó)逐步形成以村鎮(zhèn)銀行和小額貸款公司為代表的農(nóng)村微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)體系。微型金融是一種不同于傳統(tǒng)正規(guī)金融的新型金融制度安排,其使命主要是服務(wù)于無(wú)法從正規(guī)金融機(jī)構(gòu)得到金融服務(wù)的客戶群體。然而,在現(xiàn)實(shí)中,大部分微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)都遇到可持續(xù)發(fā)展難題,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的使命。分析我國(guó)農(nóng)村微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)使命偏移現(xiàn)狀,出現(xiàn)使命偏移的原因有哪些,又該如何治理,這是本文研究的主要內(nèi)容,也對(duì)我國(guó)全面推廣微型金融具有重要意義。本文首先運(yùn)用無(wú)差異曲線和生產(chǎn)可能性曲線理論分析了微型金融使命(服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”)和財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)(可持續(xù)發(fā)展)相互沖突的機(jī)制。此后,以村鎮(zhèn)銀行和小貸公司為例來(lái)分析我國(guó)農(nóng)村微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)使命偏移現(xiàn)狀,數(shù)據(jù)表明部分微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)已出現(xiàn)了使命偏移。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文以平均貸款規(guī)模占微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)所在地區(qū)人均GDP的比重作為被解釋變量,以總資產(chǎn)收益率、貸款收益率、營(yíng)業(yè)費(fèi)用/總資產(chǎn)和每筆貸款成本作為解釋變量構(gòu)建了多元線性回歸模型對(duì)農(nóng)村微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)的使命偏移現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,研究表明機(jī)構(gòu)追求經(jīng)營(yíng)可持續(xù)性時(shí),就會(huì)降低覆蓋深度,從而出現(xiàn)使命偏移,并從貸款成本和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制兩個(gè)方面分析了產(chǎn)生使命偏移的原因。最后本文從五個(gè)角度提出緩解微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)使命偏移的政策建議。即加大對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)的政策扶持力度、拓寬融資渠道降低資金成本、完善農(nóng)村金融生態(tài)環(huán)境、推動(dòng)微型金融與小額保險(xiǎn)全面合作、加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)村微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)管。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s and 1980s, micro-finance developed rapidly in the developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America since the 1990s, which effectively supplemented the traditional financial systems of many developing countries.In order to solve the problem of the shortage of rural financial services, micro-finance was introduced into our country. After more than 20 years of rapid development, our country gradually formed a rural micro-financial institution system represented by village banks and micro-loan companies.Microfinance is a new financial institutional arrangement which is different from the traditional formal finance. Its mission is to serve the clients who can not get financial services from the formal financial institutions.In reality, however, most MFIs face sustainable development problems and struggle to achieve their mission.It is the main content of this paper to analyze the status quo of mission deviation of rural microfinance institutions in China, what are the causes of mission deviation, and how to manage it. It is also of great significance to popularize micro-finance in our country in an all-round way.This paper first analyzes the mechanism of the conflict between the mission of micro-finance (serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers) and financial objectives (sustainable development) by using the theory of "no difference curve" and "production possibility curve".Then, taking village banks and small loan companies as examples, the paper analyzes the current situation of mission migration of rural micro-financial institutions in China, and the data show that some micro-financial institutions have already appeared mission deviation.On this basis, this paper takes the average loan size as the percentage of GDP per capita in the region where the microfinance institution is located, and takes the total return on assets and the rate of return on loans as the explanatory variables.Operating expenses / total assets and the cost of each loan are used as explanatory variables to construct a multivariate linear regression model to analyze the mission-shifting phenomenon of rural micro-financial institutions.The depth of coverage will be reduced and mission deviation will occur. The causes of mission deviation are analyzed from two aspects of loan cost and risk control.Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions from five angles to ease the mission deviation of microfinance institutions.That is, increasing the policy support to the institutions, widening the financing channels, reducing the cost of funds, improving the rural financial ecological environment, promoting the comprehensive cooperation between micro-finance and micro-insurance, and strengthening the supervision of rural micro-financial institutions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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