本文選題：上市商業(yè)銀行　切入點：動態(tài)競爭力　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文是關(guān)于我國上市商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力影響因素的實證研究。在我國以銀行業(yè)為主導(dǎo)的金融體系中,商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力的效率直接影響和制約著中國經(jīng)濟、金融的變革和良性成長。為了科學(xué)把握商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力的影響因素及現(xiàn)狀問題,并針對性地提出建議,有必要對我國上市商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力影響因素進行深入總結(jié)和分析。本文在深入考察中國銀行競爭力和國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究基礎(chǔ)之上,通過系統(tǒng)回顧和借鑒企業(yè)競爭力理論、金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論、動態(tài)能力理論和金融創(chuàng)新理論,從可持續(xù)和動態(tài)視角界定了商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力的基本范疇和研究范圍,多角度、規(guī)范性地定義和分析了我國上市商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力的構(gòu)成要素和影響因素,并建立了商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力的分析與評價框架。在此基礎(chǔ)上,用我國十四家上市商業(yè)銀行20082010年的面板數(shù)據(jù)進行了實證分析,檢驗了我國上市商業(yè)銀行競爭力現(xiàn)狀和關(guān)鍵影響因素,從理論和實踐的角度提出了商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力的內(nèi)容和提升路徑,并以促進商業(yè)銀行改革“轉(zhuǎn)型”和可持續(xù)發(fā)展為目標(biāo),最后提出了有針對性的建議。 一、論文的基本結(jié)論 1、2008年以來動態(tài)的外部環(huán)境已經(jīng)成為我國商業(yè)銀行生態(tài)環(huán)境的主要特征,構(gòu)建動態(tài)競爭力成為我國上市商業(yè)銀行的必然選擇。 通過對我國商業(yè)銀行發(fā)展與改革的歷程回顧,發(fā)現(xiàn)2008年以前我國商業(yè)銀行在規(guī)模快速擴張的同時也暴露出了經(jīng)營同質(zhì)化嚴重、風(fēng)險管理水平低下、缺乏有效競爭的問題。隨著2009年全球金融危機的爆發(fā)和中國經(jīng)濟體制轉(zhuǎn)型的加快,市場需求與技術(shù)水平提升的級數(shù)效應(yīng),我國商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營過程中的環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性逐漸減弱、不確定性程度日趨加強,動態(tài)性外部環(huán)境要求我國上市商業(yè)銀行對“轉(zhuǎn)型”不再只是停留在紙上理論探討,而應(yīng)成為各家上市商業(yè)銀行的實際行動和突圍方向。而本文提出的商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力理論將抽象、不可測量的動態(tài)環(huán)境轉(zhuǎn)換為相對具體的和可操作的銀行業(yè)動態(tài)機制,其內(nèi)容是：建立一套存在于銀行組織機制中的動力機制、學(xué)習(xí)機制和匹配機制。 2、我國銀行業(yè)在此輪金融“轉(zhuǎn)型”中正在重構(gòu)競爭力格局,資本集約型增長模式、業(yè)務(wù)空間擴展、風(fēng)險管理和組織構(gòu)架的建設(shè)成為當(dāng)今銀行業(yè)創(chuàng)新可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。 2008年全球金融危機以來,我國加大了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的力度,“轉(zhuǎn)型”這一外部環(huán)境的變化也影響到了中國商業(yè)銀行自身的戰(zhàn)略選擇——讓銀行的發(fā)展模式從原先的規(guī)模擴張性發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)向講求財務(wù)成本、注重資本節(jié)約的集約式增長和進行業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)重組。故本文從三維結(jié)構(gòu)觀中銀行產(chǎn)業(yè)層面出發(fā),統(tǒng)計比較2008年-2010年十四家上市商業(yè)銀行主要財務(wù)指標(biāo)的環(huán)比增長率,得出了我國銀行業(yè)按競爭力水平聚類分析得到的三個層次,并分別對銀行層面的資本、組織和業(yè)務(wù)的競爭力現(xiàn)狀進行了分析。 3、對我國商業(yè)銀行層面的實證研究找到動態(tài)競爭力影響因素的主要因子及主要影響指標(biāo)。 實證檢驗結(jié)果顯示：資本經(jīng)營能力因子、總量規(guī)模因子、盈利性因子、流動性因子和安全性因子是我國商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力影響因素的主要因子,并呈現(xiàn)出以工商、建設(shè)和中國銀行評級優(yōu)秀,向股份制銀行評級遞減的趨勢。面板數(shù)據(jù)回歸分析找到了各因素間關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)的影響方向及量化影響程度,主要影響指標(biāo)為：資產(chǎn)收益率、資產(chǎn)利用率、存貸率份額、不良貸款率和每股收益。回歸分析中看到資產(chǎn)收益率、平均總資產(chǎn)回報率和資本利用率的系數(shù)值大于其他指標(biāo),說明盈利能力是影響上市銀行競爭力的關(guān)鍵。然而,這些實證數(shù)據(jù)只是在微觀面量化銀行資源和能力的影響因素,構(gòu)建完整的商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力理論還應(yīng)與銀行內(nèi)部動態(tài)機制和外部環(huán)境相結(jié)合。 4、商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力研究的終極目標(biāo)是實現(xiàn)銀行業(yè)資源配置的效率和可持續(xù)發(fā)展,故應(yīng)通過銀行業(yè)自身管理和外部環(huán)境相結(jié)合來制定動態(tài)競爭力策略。 商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭力研究的目標(biāo)是在動態(tài)環(huán)境中銀行獲取持續(xù)的競爭優(yōu)勢,首先銀行業(yè)自身應(yīng)建立動態(tài)機制,構(gòu)建動力機制、學(xué)習(xí)機制和匹配機制；其次根據(jù)動態(tài)競爭力影響因素的實證分析,提高商業(yè)銀行盈利與風(fēng)險管理水平,從業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型到客戶結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型,找到與自身實力相稱、彰顯自身特色的市場定位；最后,結(jié)合銀行業(yè)的外部環(huán)境,突出我國商業(yè)銀行可持續(xù)發(fā)展與法律、政府規(guī)制、經(jīng)濟金融發(fā)展與技術(shù)的配合。 二、論文的政策建議 1、商業(yè)銀行轉(zhuǎn)型之際,提升金融系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新能力尤為緊迫 理論上創(chuàng)新包括技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和非技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,非技術(shù)創(chuàng)新又包括組織創(chuàng)新、市場創(chuàng)新、管理創(chuàng)新和機制創(chuàng)新。在中國轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式及銀行業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型過程中,銀行業(yè)競爭格局面臨重構(gòu),商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)把握發(fā)展機遇并進行有效創(chuàng)新,不僅要在技術(shù)層面對產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)進行創(chuàng)新設(shè)計,注重研發(fā)能力,加強研發(fā)團隊；更應(yīng)在非技術(shù)層面注重銀行業(yè)經(jīng)營模式、管理架構(gòu)和業(yè)務(wù)流程的創(chuàng)新,并且對銀行家的創(chuàng)新能力也應(yīng)提出更高的要求。最終商業(yè)銀行用創(chuàng)新來實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型,支持銀行業(yè)發(fā)展,提升金融系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新實力。 2、以動態(tài)競爭力機制為核心來提升商業(yè)銀行競爭力 商業(yè)銀行動態(tài)競爭機制包括動力機制、學(xué)習(xí)機制和匹配機制三方面內(nèi)容。構(gòu)建動力機制就是要在內(nèi)、外部環(huán)境共同作用下營造先進的企業(yè)文化,制定科學(xué)合理的激勵機制,使商業(yè)銀行向?qū)W習(xí)型組織邁進,形成員工互動的共享性學(xué)習(xí)平臺,用學(xué)習(xí)與經(jīng)驗來指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)實的組織管理。構(gòu)建匹配機制加強信息系統(tǒng)、風(fēng)險預(yù)警系統(tǒng)和快速反應(yīng)柔性系統(tǒng)的建設(shè),通過面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu),對銀行信息系統(tǒng)加以整合,促進銀行業(yè)務(wù)與技術(shù)的融合。 3、微型金融服務(wù)應(yīng)提升到戰(zhàn)略高度 隨著利率市場化壓力的逐步增大和直接融資的迅速發(fā)展,只為大企業(yè)提供金融服務(wù)的道路愈發(fā)狹窄,中小企業(yè)和個人客戶未來勢必成為商業(yè)銀行主要的客戶群體。為此,商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)當(dāng)面對中小企業(yè)和個人客戶多開發(fā)一些金融產(chǎn)品,完善金融服務(wù),將中小企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)納入未來發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。 4、提高商業(yè)銀行風(fēng)險管理水平 后危機時代商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)密切關(guān)注房地產(chǎn)市場和地方融資平臺風(fēng)險,注重風(fēng)險管理與業(yè)務(wù)增長之間的平衡,關(guān)注風(fēng)險調(diào)節(jié)之后的收益水平。2008-2009年商業(yè)銀行大量投放的地方融資平臺貸款期限相對較長,不良貸款短期大量暴露的可能性不大,但未來可能周期性地形成一定不良貸款壓力；2010年以來房地產(chǎn)新政的出臺和實施,房地產(chǎn)市場大幅調(diào)整帶來的風(fēng)險應(yīng)保持短期警覺。商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)提高風(fēng)險管理要求,增加對業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險的把控程度,將風(fēng)險管理與內(nèi)部控制相互滲透并結(jié)合起來,統(tǒng)籌考量各類風(fēng)險水平及相互影響。 三、論文的主要創(chuàng)新 1、本文以我國上市商業(yè)銀行的競爭力為研究對象,探索性地構(gòu)建動態(tài)競爭力理論。在原有靜態(tài)競爭力分析中,引入動態(tài)機制、學(xué)習(xí)機制和匹配機制,初步建立動態(tài)競爭力的理論研究框架,使抽象概念落實到具體層面。 2、在研究視角上,重視動態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)分析,從縱向和橫向兩個層次展開。縱向?qū)哟沃卦谘芯繒r間的連續(xù)性,依據(jù)2008-2010年上市商業(yè)銀行披露的年報建立環(huán)比數(shù)據(jù)；橫向?qū)哟沃卦趶慕Y(jié)構(gòu)三維立體視角展開,充分考慮到產(chǎn)業(yè)、企業(yè)和環(huán)境三個層面對商業(yè)銀行競爭力的影響,這兩條線索一直貫穿全文的思想。 3、實證分析中除了對三年上市銀行競爭力進行評價排序外,還特別將評價排名作為因變量,進行而板數(shù)據(jù)分析找到影響銀行層面動態(tài)競爭力的變量,即關(guān)鍵財務(wù)指標(biāo),以此制定明確有效的競爭策略。
[Abstract]:This paper is an empirical research on the factors of China's listed commercial banks in our country. The influence of Dynamic Competitiveness of the bank dominated financial system, the efficiency of Dynamic Competitiveness of commercial banks directly influences and restricts the Chinese economy, financial reform and healthy growth. In order to grasp the dynamic factors of scientific competitiveness of commercial banks and the problem, and put forward the suggestion, it is necessary to factors of China's listed commercial banks competitiveness dynamic impact in-depth summary and analysis. In this paper Chinese bank competitiveness and related basic research at home and abroad, through a systematic review and reference of the theory of enterprise competitiveness, financial sustainable development theory, dynamic capability theory and the basic theory of financial innovation. The category and scope of research, from the sustainable and dynamic perspective defines the Dynamic Competitiveness of commercial banks in the multi angle, normative set And analyzes the factors of Dynamic Competitiveness of listed commercial banks in China and the influence factors, and established the dynamic analysis and evaluation of the competitiveness of commercial banks. Based on this framework, makes an empirical analysis with panel data of fourteen listed commercial banks in China for 20082010 years, to test the factors of China's Listed Commercial banks competitiveness and the key influence, from the perspective of theory and practice put forward the Dynamic Competitiveness of commercial banks and the content of path, and to promote the reform of commercial banks "transformation" and the goal of sustainable development, and finally puts forward some targeted recommendations to.
First, the basic conclusion of the paper
In recent 12008 years, the dynamic external environment has become the main feature of our commercial bank's ecological environment. Building dynamic competitiveness has become an inevitable choice for China's listed commercial banks.
Through the process of China's commercial banks reform and development review, found that before 2008, the Commercial Bank of our country at the same time, the rapid expansion of the scale also exposes the business homogenization of serious, low level of risk management, lack of effective competition. With the 2009 global financial crisis and the transformation of economic system Chinese accelerate the effect of market series demand and enhance the level of technology, environmental stability and operation process of China's commercial banks gradually weakened, the degree of uncertainty is gradually strengthened, the dynamic external environment of China's listed commercial banks to "turn" not only on paper theory discussion, but should become the commercial banks listed on the action and breakthrough direction. The theory of Dynamic Competitiveness of commercial banks and the abstract, dynamic environment can not be measured into a relatively specific and operable dynamic banking State mechanism, its content is: to establish a set of dynamic mechanism, learning mechanism and matching mechanism in the banking organization mechanism.
2, China's banking industry is restructuring its competitiveness in this round of financial transformation. Capital intensive growth mode, business space expansion, risk management and organizational structure construction become the key to the sustainable development of banking industry today.
Since the 2008 global financial crisis, China has increased the transformation of economic development mode and structural adjustment efforts, "change" the external environment will affect the strategic choice of its China commercial banks -- let the bank development mode from the original expansion of development to emphasize the financial cost, pay attention to intensive capital saving the growth and business restructuring. Therefore this article from the view of the three-dimensional structure of the banking industry in terms of the main financial indicators of statistical comparison between 2008 -2010 fourteen listed commercial banks than the growth rate, the banking industry in China is analyzed from three levels obtained according to the level of competitiveness of cluster, and were on the banks of the capital. The competitive status of the organization and business.
3, the main factors and main impact indicators of the dynamic competitiveness factors are found by the empirical research on the level of commercial banks in China.
The empirical results show that: the capital operation ability factor, scale factor, profitability factor, liquidity factor and safety factor is the Dynamic Competitiveness of China's commercial banks the main factors affecting factors, and presents to industry and commerce, construction and China bank rating of outstanding, descending to the joint-stock bank ratings regression analysis found the trend. Among the key indicators of the impact direction and quantify the degree of influence of panel data, main effect indicators: return on assets, asset utilization rate, loan share, non-performing loan ratio and earnings per share. See asset returns in the regression analysis of average total assets utilization rate and the capital value is greater than the other indicators, which indicates that the profit the ability is the key to influence the competitiveness of listed banks. However, these empirical data only in the influencing factors of micro quantitative bank resources and ability, build a complete business The theory of the Dynamic Competitiveness of the bank should also be combined with the internal dynamic mechanism and the external environment of the bank.
4, the ultimate goal of the Dynamic Competitiveness of commercial banks is to achieve the efficiency and sustainable development of banking resource allocation. Therefore, the dynamic competitiveness strategy should be formulated through the combination of banking management and external environment.
Study on the Dynamic Competitiveness of commercial banks is in a dynamic environment of banks to obtain sustainable competitive advantage, the banking industry itself should establish dynamic mechanism, construct power mechanism, learning mechanism and matching mechanism; secondly, according to the empirical analysis of the factors affecting the competitiveness of dynamic, improve the profitability of commercial banks and the level of risk management, the transition from business restructuring to customer structure, find their own strength and market positioning match, showing its own characteristics; finally, combining with the banking industry's external environment, highlighting China's commercial banks sustainable development and law, government regulation, with the economic and financial development and technology.
Two, the policy recommendations of the paper
1, in the transition of commercial banks, it is particularly urgent to improve the innovation ability of the financial system.
Theoretical innovation includes technical innovation and non technological innovation, technological innovation and non organizational innovation, market innovation, management innovation and mechanism innovation in the transformation process. Chinese transformation of the mode of economic development and the banking industry, the banking industry competition pattern face reconstruction, commercial banks should grasp the opportunities for development and effective innovation, not only in technology the products and services of innovative design, focusing on research and development ability, strengthen the research and development team; in the non technical level should focus on banking business model innovation, management structure and business process, and the banker's innovation ability should also put forward higher requirements. The final commercial banks with innovation to achieve transformation, support the development of banking industry the financial system, enhance the strength of innovation.
2, taking the dynamic competitiveness mechanism as the core to improve the competitiveness of commercial banks
The competition mechanism of commercial banks includes three aspects of dynamic mechanism, learning mechanism and matching mechanism. The content is to construct power mechanism, interaction of the external environment to create advanced enterprise culture, establish a scientific and reasonable incentive mechanism, make the commercial bank to the learning organization and employee sharing interactive learning platform for learning with the experience to guide the organization management. To construct the matching mechanism to strengthen information system construction, risk warning system and rapid response of flexible system, the service oriented architecture, integration of bank information system, promote the integration of banking business and technology.
3, micro financial services should be promoted to strategic height
With the interest rate market pressure gradually increased and the rapid development of direct financing, to provide financial services for large enterprises increasingly narrow roads, small and medium-sized enterprises and individual customers will become in the future the main commercial bank customer groups. Therefore, commercial banks should face the small and medium-sized enterprises and individual customers to develop financial products, improve financial services. The business of small and medium-sized enterprises in the future development strategy.
4, improve the risk management level of commercial banks
After the commercial bank crisis era should pay close attention to the real estate market and the risk of local financing platform, focusing on risk management and business growth in the balance of the loan period, local financing platform on income level.2008-2009 after adjustment of the risk of commercial banks put a lot of relatively long, short-term exposure is unlikely a lot of bad loans, but the future may periodically. The formation of a certain pressure of bad loans; real estate deal since 2010 promulgated and implemented, the real estate market adjustment risks should be kept short alert. Commercial banks should improve the risk management requirements, increase the degree of control of business risks, the risk management and internal control of mutual penetration and combine all kinds of risk level and the overall considerations mutual influence.
Three, the main innovation of the paper
1, according to China's listed commercial banks competitiveness as the research object, establishes the dynamic competence theory. The analysis of the original static competitiveness, dynamic mechanism, learning mechanism and matching mechanism, the preliminary theoretical frame to establish dynamic competitiveness, make the abstract concept to the implementation of specific level.
2, in the research perspective, pay attention to dynamic analysis and structure, from the start of two vertical and horizontal level. Continuous longitudinal level focuses on time, on the basis of the 2008-2010 years the annual report disclosure of listed commercial banks to establish data link; focusing on the horizontal level from the three-dimensional perspective, give full consideration to the impact of industry, business and the environment three aspects of the competitiveness of commercial banks, the two clues have been the idea.
3, the empirical analysis in addition to evaluate the ranking of three years of the competitiveness of listed banks, will also evaluate the ranking as the dependent variable, and panel data analysis to find the influence of bank level dynamic competitive variables, namely the key financial indicators, in order to develop clear and effective competitive strategy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.33;F224

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