本文選題：黃金　切入點(diǎn)：貨幣化　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃金是一種同時(shí)擁有金融屬性、商品屬性和貨幣屬性的商品。英國(guó)于1816年制訂《金本位制法》,1821年在世界上首次實(shí)行金本位制。19世紀(jì)70年代以后歐美各國(guó)和日本等相繼仿效,使金本位制成為世界上最早的國(guó)際貨幣制度。以黃金-英鎊為中心的典型國(guó)際金本位制度維持了30年左右,到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)時(shí)即告解體。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后又形成了國(guó)際金匯兌本位制,到1936年所有國(guó)家又都放棄了,整個(gè)金本位制也相應(yīng)徹底崩潰了,代之而起的是以紙幣流通為主的貨幣制度。 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后建立的以美元——黃金為核心的布雷頓森林體系,確立了美元——黃金在二戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際貨幣制度的特殊地位。布雷頓森林體系從建立到崩潰,僅僅不到30年時(shí)間,這決非偶然。因?yàn)樗嬖谥鴩?yán)重的缺陷。 1978年4月1日起《牙買加協(xié)定》正式生效,國(guó)際貨幣制度進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的階段,從這時(shí)起的國(guó)際貨幣制度也被人們稱為“牙買加體系”。它成為人類歷史上出現(xiàn)了第一個(gè)以純粹信用貨幣為本位貨幣的國(guó)際貨幣體系。牙買加體系的正式生效,從法律層面,黃金兌換美元的固定官方價(jià)格被取消,黃金價(jià)格可以按市場(chǎng)的供求關(guān)系自由波動(dòng),國(guó)際金融市場(chǎng)上失去了一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的貨幣匯率制定的依據(jù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),黃金在國(guó)際貨幣體系中也不再具有本位貨幣的地位,黃金被還原為一般普通的貴金屬商品。黃金儲(chǔ)備也不再作為支付手段來平衡進(jìn)口貿(mào)易和國(guó)際收支逆差。最終,黃金非貨幣化得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。 但是,近幾年隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和聯(lián)系的越來越密切以及金融領(lǐng)域的不斷深化,信用貨幣的不穩(wěn)定性漸漸凸顯,信用貨幣風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增大、美元貶值不斷,這就為黃金再貨幣化提供了客觀需要。信用貨幣在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的中雖然作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn),但迄今為止,世界上還找不到更權(quán)威的國(guó)際貨幣可以替代黃金。因此,黃金的貨幣地位仍然存在。這與黃金的價(jià)值實(shí)體、信用與償付能力密切相關(guān),任何其他資產(chǎn)都無法與其比擬。 實(shí)現(xiàn)黃金再貨幣化,可以使黃金重新回歸到流通領(lǐng)域,在國(guó)際貨幣體系中繼續(xù)發(fā)揮著貨幣的職能,對(duì)國(guó)際貨幣體系改革具有非常重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Gold is a kind of commodity with financial, commodity and monetary attributes. Britain enacted the Gold Standard Law in 1816, and in 1821, the gold standard system was first implemented in the world. After the 1870s, the European and American countries and Japan followed suit one after another. The gold standard became the earliest international monetary system in the world. A typical international gold standard centered on gold-sterling lasted for about 30 years. By the time the first World War broke out, it had dissolved. After the first World War, the international gold exchange standard was formed, and by 1936 all the countries had abandoned it, and the whole gold standard had collapsed accordingly. Instead, the currency system is dominated by paper money circulation. The Bretton Woods system, built after the second World War with the dollar gold at its core, established the special position of dollar gold in the international monetary system after World War II. The Bretton Woods system was established and collapsed in less than 30 years. This is by no means accidental, for it has serious defects. With the entry into force of the Jamaica Agreement on 1 April 1978, the international monetary system entered into a new phase. Since then, the international monetary system has also been called the Jamaican system. It has become the first international monetary system based on pure credit money in the history of mankind. The fixed official price of gold to the United States dollar has been abolished, the price of gold can fluctuate freely according to the supply and demand relationship of the market, and the international financial market has lost the basis and standard of a unified currency exchange rate. Gold is no longer the standard currency in the international monetary system. Gold is reduced to ordinary precious metal commodities. Gold reserves are no longer used as a means of payment to balance import trade and balance of payments deficits. Non-monetization of gold was achieved. However, with the development of the world economy and the deepening of the financial field in recent years, the instability of the credit currency has gradually become prominent, the risk of the credit currency has increased, and the depreciation of the US dollar has continued. This provides an objective need for the remonetization of gold. Although credit money has made a great contribution to the development of the world economy, so far, no more authoritative international currency can be found as a substitute for gold. Gold's monetary status still exists. This is closely related to gold's value entity, credit and solvency, and no other asset can match it. To realize the remonetization of gold can make gold return to the circulating field and continue to play the role of currency in the international monetary system, which is of great significance to the reform of the international monetary system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F832.6

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