本文選題：小額貸款公司　切入點：業(yè)務(wù)模式　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀70年代初，國外的小額信貸開始出現(xiàn)，并在以后的二十年里有了長足的發(fā)展，這一期間，小額信貸是走“福利主義”還是“制度主義”之路一直是眾多學(xué)者爭議的問題。 中國的小額信貸從“扶貧經(jīng)濟合作社”開始，經(jīng)歷幾個階段的發(fā)展。隨著小額信貸在中國經(jīng)濟社會中的作用逐漸顯現(xiàn)，這種以“藍海市場”為目標的信貸模式，因其能有效解決我國部分農(nóng)村金融問題、提高農(nóng)村及低收入群體的收入、在一定程度上替代民間借貸、讓更多的國民分享經(jīng)濟增長的好處、消除政治經(jīng)濟中的不穩(wěn)定因素，而受到了中國政府的高度重視和認可。在今天，更多形式存在的，是商業(yè)化運作的“小額貸款公司”。這些以民營資本占主體的“小額貸款公司”，在其發(fā)展的過程中，除了要面對可控的內(nèi)部風(fēng)險以外，還要面臨包括法律、政策層面上的不可控外部風(fēng)險，如何讓這些“小額貸款公司”克服各種風(fēng)險，健康發(fā)展并持續(xù)經(jīng)營下去，更好地服務(wù)于中國經(jīng)濟，“小額貸款公司”將面臨怎樣的社會地位與政策引導(dǎo)，將走怎樣的一條路，是經(jīng)濟界及所有小額貸款公司極為關(guān)注的問題。 本文從研究小額信貸的發(fā)展開始入手，系統(tǒng)地研究了中國小額信貸的發(fā)展歷程，總結(jié)出中國政府所推行的小額貸款公司是以制度主義形式為主的，詳細地介紹了遼寧省小額貸款公司的發(fā)展情況，間接地介紹了XX小額貸款公司生存的政策環(huán)境，通過對XX小額貸款公司的業(yè)務(wù)模式（從客戶、利率、擔(dān)保方式等方面）及運營風(fēng)險（公司內(nèi)部的機制和外部政策、環(huán)境等方面）的分析，總結(jié)出XX小額貸款公司是一家發(fā)展得較好的小額貸款公司，其在運營上有其獨到之處，但也有不盡如人意的地方，XX小額貸款公司為了生存與發(fā)展，在業(yè)務(wù)上充分發(fā)揮小額貸款公司的便捷、靈活優(yōu)勢，在積極為區(qū)域內(nèi)的中小企業(yè)服務(wù)的同時，也得到了豐厚的經(jīng)濟回報。但是，XX小額貸款公司在運營中時時面對各種風(fēng)險的考驗，有來自于企業(yè)內(nèi)部的、社會經(jīng)濟環(huán)境的，也有相當一部分是來自于法律和政策層面上的，這些風(fēng)險是XX小額貸款公司也是所有的小額貸款公司所共同面臨的行業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸，是他們憑借自身力量根本無法解決的。本文從這一事實出發(fā)，對政府改進小額貸款公司風(fēng)險現(xiàn)狀的法律及政策建設(shè)提出了建議，，希望能夠盡快建立、完善和出臺相關(guān)法律、法規(guī)，為小額貸款公司確定社會身份與地位，給小額貸款公司一個健康、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的平臺；在經(jīng)營上、業(yè)務(wù)上適當放手、不要過度監(jiān)管，給小額貸款公司一個公平、競爭發(fā)展的平臺；在稅收上讓小額貸款公司享受與其社會責(zé)任、業(yè)務(wù)相對等的政策，給小額貸款公司一個向“藍海人群”提供關(guān)心、幫扶服務(wù)的平臺。并真正從完善金融體系、開展農(nóng)村金融改革及服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”的角度出發(fā)，制定切實可行的、能夠正確引導(dǎo)民間資本的政策，以期實現(xiàn)中國小額貸款行業(yè)的健康、公平、可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the early 1970s, foreign microfinance began to appear, and it has made great progress in the next twenty years. During this period, the way of "welfare" or "institutionalism" has always been a controversial issue among many scholars.
China microfinance started from "poor cooperative", experienced several stages of development. With the development of microfinance in China in economic society gradually, this kind of "blue ocean market" as the goal of the credit model, because it can effectively solve the problem of rural finance and rural part of our country, improve the income of low-income groups. Instead of borrowing to a certain extent, let more people share the benefits of economic growth, the elimination of political instability in the economy, and has been highly valued and recognized China government. Today, more and more forms of existence, is the commercial operation of the "small loan company". The majority of private capital "small loan company", in the process of its development, in addition to the controllable internal risks, but also face legal, policy level of uncontrollable external risks, how to make it Some small loan companies to overcome various risks, healthy development and continue to operate, to better serve the economic China, micro credit company will face the social status and how policy guidance, will go one way. How is the economic circle and all microfinance companies pay close attention to the question.
This paper starts from the development of microfinance, systematically studies the development of China microfinance, summed up the implementation of the government's Chinese small loan company is based on the institutional form, introduces in detail the development of small loan companies in Liaoning Province, indirectly introduced XX microfinance company survival policy environment according to XX, the small loan company's business model (from the customer, guarantee rate, etc.) and operation risk (internal mechanism and external policy environment, etc.) of the analysis, summed up the XX small loan company is a better development of microfinance company, which has its originality in operation, but there are also unsatisfactory, XX small loan company in order to survive and develop in the business and give full play to the small loan company is convenient, flexible, in the product is extremely in the area Small business services at the same time, also got huge economic returns. However, XX microfinance companies always face the test of various risks in the operation, from within the enterprise, social and economic environment, there are also a considerable part is from the law and the policy level, the risk is the bottleneck of the development of small XX a loan company is all the microfinance companies facing the industry, they are by virtue of its own strength can not be solved. Based on this fact, the laws and policies of government to improve the status of risk of small loan company construction and puts forward some suggestions, hoping to establish as soon as possible, and improve the introduction of relevant laws, regulations, determine the social identity and status for the small loan companies, small loan companies to a healthy and sustainable development of the platform; in business, business appropriate to let go, not excessive regulation, give small loans A company is a fair competition, the development of the platform; the tax so small loan companies enjoy their social responsibility, business relative policies, to provide a small loan company to "Blue Ocean crowd" care and support services platform. And really from the perfect financial system, rural financial reform and "three rural" service the point of view, make feasible, can correctly guide the private capital policy, in order to achieve the China microfinance industry health, fair and sustainable development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.4

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