本文選題：中小企業(yè)　切入點(diǎn)：信貸融資　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),我國(guó)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,并在就業(yè)及經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方面做出了突出貢獻(xiàn),但中小企業(yè)融資難,特別是通過(guò)銀行融資難,已經(jīng)成為制約中小企業(yè)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的瓶頸。并且,隨著大企業(yè)直接融資渠道的拓寬,金融“脫媒”現(xiàn)象進(jìn)一步加劇,銀行作為間接資金融通媒介的作用越來(lái)越弱化,各商業(yè)銀行間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈,單純靠大企業(yè)盈利的經(jīng)營(yíng)模式已經(jīng)行不通,新的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)下,銀行轉(zhuǎn)型迫在眉睫。而銀行轉(zhuǎn)型不僅包括經(jīng)營(yíng)理念的轉(zhuǎn)變、客戶結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,更包括產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和信貸模式的調(diào)整。本文正是在這種背景下,通過(guò)理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合法、比較分析法、案例分析法等方法,站在銀行的視角,旨在通過(guò)研究分析HL銀行中小企業(yè)信貸管理現(xiàn)狀,指出中小企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)中存在的問(wèn)題,并提出針對(duì)性對(duì)策,以此從銀行角度找出破解中小企業(yè)融資難的途徑。 本文創(chuàng)新之處在于：針對(duì)中小企業(yè)存在的管理不規(guī)范、經(jīng)營(yíng)者素質(zhì)偏低等問(wèn)題,指出盡管中小企業(yè)存在一些問(wèn)題,但由于中小企業(yè)群體眾多,可大大分散銀行貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn),降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成本,因此,金融機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該主動(dòng)解放思想轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,積極改善對(duì)中小企業(yè)的信貸服務(wù),而不是被動(dòng)地等待中小企業(yè)解決好自身問(wèn)題以后再予幫扶,并提出了改善銀行信貸管理的的一系列具體措施：一是針對(duì)HL銀行中小企業(yè)服務(wù)組織架構(gòu)上的問(wèn)題,提出建立專營(yíng)中小企業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu),打造“專業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)、流程化管理、個(gè)性化考核、立體化營(yíng)銷”的架構(gòu)格局,指出中小企業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部應(yīng)設(shè)置專職營(yíng)銷部門及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理部門,更有效地進(jìn)行中小企業(yè)客戶開(kāi)發(fā)及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控。二是針對(duì)HL銀行審批流程方面的制約,指出中小企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)流程應(yīng)在有效防控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的前提下,盡可能減少審批環(huán)節(jié)、提高審批效率,減輕營(yíng)銷人員工作量,提高營(yíng)銷人員開(kāi)發(fā)中小企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)的積極性,才能滿足中小企業(yè)“急、頻、快”的信貸需求,并設(shè)計(jì)了“2+1”、“1+1”審批模式的具體流程。三是針對(duì)HL銀行激勵(lì)考核機(jī)制上的問(wèn)題,指出由于中小企業(yè)單戶貸款金額小、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對(duì)較高,營(yíng)銷人員工作量大、責(zé)任與收入不匹配, HL銀行應(yīng)建立以貸款筆數(shù)為基礎(chǔ)考核指標(biāo),同時(shí)兼顧貸款金額的考核體系。四是針對(duì)HL銀行目前信用評(píng)級(jí)不能較好反映中小企業(yè)真實(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平的問(wèn)題,指出HL銀行應(yīng)實(shí)施獨(dú)立的中小企業(yè)信用評(píng)級(jí)體系,將中小企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)情況和經(jīng)營(yíng)者個(gè)人信息納入評(píng)分范圍,并列示了具體評(píng)級(jí)指標(biāo)分值和評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。五是針對(duì)中小型企業(yè)相對(duì)大型企業(yè)而言固定資產(chǎn)少,融資銀行家數(shù)少,中小企業(yè)貸款一旦出現(xiàn)不良,通過(guò)變賣固定資產(chǎn)或向其他銀行再融資來(lái)償還逾期貸款的可能性較小,不良貸款的出現(xiàn),很可能預(yù)示著企業(yè)即將破產(chǎn)的情況,指出HL銀行應(yīng)建立單獨(dú)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分類和損失撥備制度,制定專項(xiàng)的不良貸款處置政策,建立合理的不良貸款快速核銷機(jī)制,并提出了充分計(jì)提貸款損失撥備、直接核銷不良資產(chǎn),以及與第三方機(jī)構(gòu)合作、迅速轉(zhuǎn)讓不良資產(chǎn)的兩種具體方案。另外,針對(duì)中小企業(yè)信息不透明,擔(dān)保公司擔(dān)保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大等問(wèn)題,建議由政府設(shè)立中小企業(yè)信用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查詢系統(tǒng),解決中小企業(yè)融資難的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題——信息不對(duì)稱；并且建議構(gòu)建不同層次的再擔(dān)保體系,對(duì)擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)提供再擔(dān)保,分散擔(dān)保公司風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of SMEs in China, and has made outstanding contributions in the employment and economic growth, but the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially through bank financing has become a bottleneck restricting the further development of small and medium-sized enterprises. And, with large enterprises to broaden direct financing channels, financial disintermediation intensified. As the bank and indirect financial intermediation role of the media increasingly weakened, the competition among commercial banks is becoming increasingly fierce, simply relying on their business model has not work, under the new economic situation, the bank restructuring is imminent. While the bank not only change the transformation including business philosophy, customer structure adjustment, including product structure and credit model adjustment. In this background, through theory and practice combination method, comparative analysis, case analysis and other methods, from the bank's perspective, to Through the research and analysis of the credit management status of HL bank SMEs, this paper points out the problems existing in SMEs' business, and puts forward specific countermeasures, so as to find out the way to solve the financing difficulties of SMEs from the perspective of banks.
The innovations of this paper are: for small and medium enterprises are not standardized management, operators such as low quality problems, pointed out that although the small and medium-sized enterprise has some problems, but because of the small and medium-sized enterprise group is numerous, can disperse the risk of bank loans, reducing the cost of risk, therefore, financial institutions should take the initiative to change ideas, improve on the small and medium sized enterprises credit services, rather than passively waiting for small and medium-sized enterprises to solve their own problems later to help, and puts forward the improvement of bank credit management of a series of concrete measures: one is for the HL bank for small and medium-sized enterprise service organization structure problems, proposed the establishment of specialized service institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises, to create "professional management, process management, individualized assessment, structure of three-dimensional marketing", points out that the internal service institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises should set up a full-time marketing department and risk management The Department, more effectively the customers of small and medium-sized enterprises development and risk control. The two is to restrict HL Bank approval process, pointed out that the business process of small and medium enterprises should be based on the effective prevention and control of risk, as far as possible to reduce the approval procedures, improve processing efficiency, reduce the workload of the marketing personnel, improve the enthusiasm of the marketing personnel of small and medium-sized enterprises business development small and medium-sized enterprises, in order to meet the urgent demand for credit, frequency, fast ", and the design of the" 2+1 "," 1+1 specific processes "approval mode. The three is for the HL bank incentive mechanism problems in small and medium-sized enterprises, pointed out by the single family loan amount is small, relatively high risk, marketing staff workload, responsibility and income do not match, the HL bank should establish a loan number based assessment index, taking into account the amount of the loan appraisal system. The four is for the HL bank credit rating can not reflect the small current The real risk level of the enterprise, points out that the small and medium-sized enterprises credit rating system of HL bank should carry out independent, small and medium-sized enterprises operation and operator individual information into scoring range, and lists the specific rating index score and standard for evaluation. Five for small and medium enterprises to large enterprises fixed assets, financing bankers few once the bad loans of small and medium enterprises, through the sale of fixed assets or to other bank refinancing less likely to repay overdue loans, non-performing loans, it may indicate that the enterprise is bankrupt, HL pointed out that banks should establish risk classification and provisioning system alone, developing the special disposal of non-performing loan policy, establishing a rapid verification of the reasonable mechanism of non-performing loans, and made sufficient provision for loan loss provision, the direct write off bad assets, and the third party organization Two specific programs of cooperation, rapid transfer of non-performing assets. In addition, in view of the small and medium-sized enterprise information opaque, Guarantee Corporation security risks and other issues, proposed by the government to set up small and medium enterprise credit database query system, to solve the financing problems of small and medium enterprises -- information asymmetry; and proposes that different levels of guarantee system, provide guarantee to guarantee agencies, dispersing risk of the Guarantee Corporation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F276.3;F832.4

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