本文選題：村鎮(zhèn)銀行　切入點(diǎn)：供求錯(cuò)位　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：村鎮(zhèn)銀行是在農(nóng)村地區(qū)設(shè)立的主要為當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民、農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供金融服務(wù)的銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu),其成立與發(fā)展是中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)開放和創(chuàng)新的有益嘗試。作為深化農(nóng)村金融改革的創(chuàng)新之舉,村鎮(zhèn)銀行為當(dāng)前的農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展注入了“新鮮的血液”,有利于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的構(gòu)建,在一定程度上緩解了當(dāng)前農(nóng)村金融供需的矛盾,也為民間資本提供了一條良性的發(fā)展道路,對(duì)農(nóng)村金融的發(fā)展具有積極的意義。但是,從村鎮(zhèn)銀行2007年開始試點(diǎn)至今,也暴露出了諸多的問題,本文從制度創(chuàng)新的視角對(duì)當(dāng)前村鎮(zhèn)銀行發(fā)展中的問題進(jìn)行研究。 本文首先從農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)的需求方入手,著重以農(nóng)戶和農(nóng)村中小企業(yè)這兩類市場(chǎng)主體為中心,分析了這兩類主體在金融市場(chǎng)上的需求現(xiàn)狀,并以調(diào)查問卷的形式對(duì)當(dāng)前農(nóng)戶的需求特征進(jìn)行了實(shí)證的分析。其次以村鎮(zhèn)銀行為供給的主體,對(duì)村鎮(zhèn)銀行的制度安排和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了剖析。再次是通過制度供給和需求的對(duì)比分析,總結(jié)出村鎮(zhèn)銀行發(fā)展中的一些錯(cuò)位,主要有村鎮(zhèn)銀行發(fā)展目標(biāo)的缺失、設(shè)立方式的受限和發(fā)展方向的錯(cuò)位三方面,并從市場(chǎng)的需求方、供給方和政府三方面,分析了造成村鎮(zhèn)銀行制度供求錯(cuò)位的成因。就需求方而言,農(nóng)民和農(nóng)村中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展有著先天的弱質(zhì)性的同時(shí)還有著后天的發(fā)展不足,其自身的生存和發(fā)展面臨了諸多的困難；而從供給方來看,村鎮(zhèn)銀行是商業(yè)性銀行,其經(jīng)營(yíng)發(fā)展必須要考慮到公司利益的最大化,同時(shí)降低銀行承受的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；而政府作為市場(chǎng)的管理者也缺少對(duì)市場(chǎng)的規(guī)范和引導(dǎo),相關(guān)的配套制度也都不完善�？梢哉f,當(dāng)前村鎮(zhèn)銀行面臨的問題是由諸多因素的共同合力造成的。最后筆者通過對(duì)村鎮(zhèn)銀行建立以來的制度創(chuàng)新進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的軌跡梳理,從制度結(jié)構(gòu)和制度安排層面總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有的村鎮(zhèn)銀行制度創(chuàng)新,分析總結(jié)出村鎮(zhèn)銀行制度創(chuàng)新是以政府為主導(dǎo)的制度變遷模式。面對(duì)當(dāng)前村鎮(zhèn)銀行制度創(chuàng)新主體不足問題,筆者提出以拓展創(chuàng)新主體的創(chuàng)新空間和加強(qiáng)新型農(nóng)民的培養(yǎng)來鼓勵(lì)和培育村鎮(zhèn)銀行成為創(chuàng)新的主體。同時(shí),本文還對(duì)村鎮(zhèn)銀行制度創(chuàng)新的路徑進(jìn)行了一些探討,希望村鎮(zhèn)銀行通過從產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、市場(chǎng)制度和經(jīng)營(yíng)制度方面的創(chuàng)新改革來加強(qiáng)自身的建設(shè)、吸收更多資本、完善配套制度實(shí)現(xiàn)健康有序的發(fā)展。另外文章還總結(jié)了村鎮(zhèn)銀行制度創(chuàng)新問題根源在于制度創(chuàng)新的“路徑依賴”和村鎮(zhèn)銀行自身的創(chuàng)新動(dòng)力不足。
[Abstract]:The Village and Town Bank is a banking financial institution established in rural areas to provide financial services to local farmers, agriculture and rural economic development. Its establishment and development is a beneficial attempt to open up and innovate the rural financial market in China. Village banks have injected "fresh blood" into the current rural financial development, which is conducive to the construction of competitive rural financial markets, and to a certain extent alleviates the contradiction between supply and demand of rural finance. It also provides a good way for the development of private capital and has a positive significance for the development of rural finance. However, since the village bank started its pilot project in 2007, it has also exposed many problems. This paper studies the problems in the development of village banks from the perspective of institutional innovation. This paper begins with the demand side of the rural financial market, focusing on the farmers and rural small and medium-sized enterprises as the center of the two kinds of market subjects, and analyzes the demand status of the two main bodies in the financial market. The demand characteristics of current farmers are analyzed empirically in the form of questionnaire. Secondly, the rural banks are the main body of supply. Thirdly, through the comparative analysis of the system supply and demand, the author summarizes some dislocation in the development of the village bank, mainly the lack of the development goal of the village bank. This paper analyzes the causes of the dislocation of the supply and demand of the village bank system from the three aspects of the market demand side, the supply side and the government, from the three aspects of the limitation of the mode of establishment and the misalignment of the development direction, as far as the demand side is concerned. The development of farmers and small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas is inherently weak and underdeveloped at the same time, and their own survival and development are faced with many difficulties. From the supply side, village and town banks are commercial banks. The government, as the manager of the market, also lacks the norm and guidance to the market, and the relevant supporting system is not perfect. At present, the problems faced by village banks are caused by the joint efforts of many factors. Finally, the author combs the relevant path of institutional innovation since the establishment of village banks. This paper sums up the existing village bank system innovation from the system structure and system arrangement level, analyzes and summarizes that the village bank system innovation is the system vicissitude mode dominated by the government, facing the problem that the main body of the village and town bank system innovation is insufficient at present. The author proposes to expand the innovation space of the main body of innovation and strengthen the cultivation of new farmers to encourage and cultivate the village bank to become the main body of innovation. At the same time, this paper also discusses the path of the innovation of the system of the village and town bank. It is hoped that the village and town banks will strengthen their own construction and absorb more capital through innovative reforms in the property rights system, the market system and the management system. In addition, the paper summarizes that the root of the institutional innovation of village banks lies in the "path dependence" of system innovation and the lack of innovation power of village banks themselves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F832.35

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