本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械 融資租賃 農(nóng)村信用　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展，取得了眾多突出成就。農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域同樣發(fā)展迅速，農(nóng)村的面貌煥然一新，其中農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村的發(fā)展起到了重要的推動(dòng)作用。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化在取得眾多成果的同時(shí)，也由于農(nóng)村資金短缺等問題發(fā)展受到了一定的阻礙。本文旨在通過研究以融資租賃推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械裝備發(fā)展的方法及對(duì)策，為農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化過程中資金不足的問題提供一個(gè)可行的解決方案。 融資租賃是一種融通資金的方式，由于無需提供擔(dān)保，并且是在租賃物使用過程中邊盈利邊支付租金，所以非常適合農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械領(lǐng)域。現(xiàn)代融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)最早起步于美國(guó)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為僅次于銀行信貸的世界第二大融資方式，在世界金融市場(chǎng)中扮演著非常重要的角色。由于融資租賃獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，各國(guó)將其廣泛的運(yùn)用于各行各業(yè)，包括在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，融資租賃有著突出的貢獻(xiàn)。目前從我國(guó)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀來看，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械融資租賃才剛剛起步，范圍小，形式單一，相關(guān)的理論研究也非常少。本文通過廣泛的研究國(guó)內(nèi)外融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展歷程，結(jié)合我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)際，尋找在我國(guó)開展農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)的切入點(diǎn)，并對(duì)其可行性進(jìn)行論證，結(jié)合具體案例分析其存在的具體問題，最終有針對(duì)性的提出對(duì)策和政策建議。 通過系統(tǒng)的研究分析，本文認(rèn)為融資租賃對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化可以發(fā)揮巨大的推動(dòng)作用。一方面，與貸款等一般融資行為相比，融資租賃無需提供擔(dān)保，這就避免了農(nóng)村普遍存在的擔(dān)保難的問題。另一方面，融資租賃只需支付少量的首付款就可以獲得農(nóng)機(jī)具的使用權(quán)，相比較直接購買而言降低了固定資本投資的門檻。通過對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械融資租賃可行性的分析可以得出，在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械領(lǐng)域發(fā)展融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)是切實(shí)可行的，它符合農(nóng)戶、融資租賃公司、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械生產(chǎn)廠商等行為主體的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益要求，中國(guó)農(nóng)村也具有發(fā)展融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)的政策法律環(huán)境。 但是要在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械領(lǐng)域發(fā)展融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)也存在著很多需要解決的問題。首先，農(nóng)村信用環(huán)境較差，不利于融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展。金融機(jī)構(gòu)少、資金不足、農(nóng)戶信用缺失等都是影響業(yè)務(wù)開展的負(fù)面因素。其次，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)以農(nóng)戶為單位，生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，也不利于農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械融資租賃的發(fā)展。同時(shí)，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)間差異較大，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械融資租賃將不能按照一個(gè)模式開展，地區(qū)間經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒會(huì)因?yàn)椴町愋远龅阶璧K。本文針對(duì)以上這些問題提出了具體的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。首先，從國(guó)外成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，政府的扶持是促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵，通過減免稅、補(bǔ)助等形式可以有效刺激業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展。同時(shí)，可以通過將融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)與農(nóng)機(jī)合作社、農(nóng)機(jī)租賃公司結(jié)合的方式化零為整，實(shí)質(zhì)上擴(kuò)大了農(nóng)機(jī)的使用規(guī)模，提高了農(nóng)機(jī)的使用效率。還應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)一步完善農(nóng)村信用體系建設(shè)，為農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械融資租賃的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造一個(gè)良好的信用環(huán)境。針對(duì)地區(qū)間經(jīng)濟(jì)和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的差異，各地區(qū)在業(yè)務(wù)開展過程中要因地制宜，，結(jié)合自身優(yōu)勢(shì)，充分利用所具有的資源，并且可以考慮鼓勵(lì)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力較強(qiáng)的東部地區(qū)率先開展農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械融資租賃的試點(diǎn)工作。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development, has made many outstanding achievements. The agricultural economy also develops rapidly, the rural landscape which take on an altogether new aspect of agricultural mechanization, agricultural and rural development has played an important role. At present, China's agricultural mechanization has made many achievements at the same time, also due to the development of the problem the shortage of funds in rural areas by some obstacles. This paper aims to study the financing lease promotion methods and Countermeasures of agricultural machinery and equipment development, provides a feasible solution for the financing of Agricultural Mechanization in the process of problem.
Financial leasing is a kind of financing way, because there is no guarantee, and is in the lease in the process of using edge edge profit to pay rent, so it is very suitable for the field of agricultural machinery. The modern financial leasing business started in the United States, has now become the world's second largest only after the bank credit financing, play a very an important role in the world financial market. Due to the financial leasing unique advantages, the countries will be widely applied in all walks of life, including in the field of agriculture, financial leasing has a prominent contribution. From the current development situation in our country, agricultural machinery financial leasing has just started, the scope of small, single form, the relevant theoretical research is also very few. This paper through extensive research at home and abroad financing leasing business and agricultural mechanization development, combined with China's actual agriculture, looking for agricultural in China The entry point of machinery finance leasing business is discussed, and its feasibility is demonstrated. Combined with specific cases, the specific problems are analyzed, and finally targeted countermeasures and policy recommendations are put forward.
Through systematic research and analysis, this paper points out that the financing lease can play a great role in promoting agricultural mechanization. On the one hand, compared with loans and other financing behavior, financing lease without guarantee, which avoids the widespread rural difficult problem of security. On the other hand, only pay a small amount of financing lease the first payment can obtain the right to use of agricultural machinery, compared to direct purchase for reducing the fixed capital investment threshold. Through the analysis of the agricultural machinery leasing feasibility can be drawn, in the field of agricultural machinery and the development of financial leasing business is feasible, it is in line with the farmers, financial leasing companies, agricultural machinery manufacturers and other actors the economic interests, China rural also has the policy and legal environment for the development of financial leasing business.
But to the development of financial leasing business in the field of agricultural machinery also exists many problems need to be solved. First of all, the rural poor credit environment, is not conducive to the development of the financing lease business. Financial institutions, lack of funds, lack of credit and other farmers are negative factors affecting the business. Secondly, China's agricultural production to farmers as a unit and the small scale of production, is not conducive to the development of agricultural machinery financial leasing. At the same time, the difference between China's large agricultural areas, agricultural machinery leasing will not in accordance with a mode of development, regional experience because of differences and obstacles. Aiming at these problems this paper puts forward some concrete countermeasures. First of all, from the the successful experience of foreign countries, government support is the key to promote the development of agricultural machinery financial leasing business, tax, and other forms of subsidies can effectively stimulate business development. At the same time, The financial leasing business and agricultural cooperatives, agricultural machinery leasing companies gather parts into a whole combination of substantive expansion of agricultural use scale, improve the efficiency of the use of agricultural machinery. It should further improve the construction of rural credit system, for the development of agricultural machinery financial leasing to create a good credit environment. Aiming at the differences between regions and economic the development of agriculture, the local area in the business development process, combined with their own advantages, make full use of resources, and can be considered to encourage strong economic strength of the eastern region to take the lead in carrying out the pilot work of agricultural machinery leasing.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F832.49;F323.3

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