本文關(guān)鍵詞： 宋子文 國(guó)民政府初期 金融改革思想 實(shí)踐活動(dòng)　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：宋子文(1894—1971)是中華民國(guó)史上的重要人物,上世紀(jì)20年代至40年代,他在財(cái)政金融領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮了舉足輕重的作用。從1927年至1937年,他通過制定金融法規(guī)、整理公債、改組銀行體系、幣制改革等,規(guī)劃和主持了一系列重要金融改革方案,并予以實(shí)施。宋子文有關(guān)金融改革方面的論述和實(shí)踐活動(dòng),對(duì)整理和重構(gòu)中國(guó)現(xiàn)代金融市場(chǎng),創(chuàng)建中國(guó)第一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化貨幣制度,推動(dòng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)自身的有序化運(yùn)作和中國(guó)近代金融發(fā)展等方面具有特別重要的意義。 本文試圖從他制定的金融改革政策、措施和論述中,剖析其思想和主張的積極性和局限性。本文由六個(gè)部分構(gòu)成。第一部分是緒論,主要論述宋子文本人的生平經(jīng)歷,并闡述宋子文金融思想研究的最新學(xué)術(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。第二部分論述他金融改革思想的形成淵源和過程。第三部分論述金融改革思想的內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn),包括金融統(tǒng)制思想的內(nèi)涵、實(shí)施的原因及特點(diǎn),金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革的必要性。金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革的主體部分集中在籌設(shè)中央銀行、強(qiáng)化其職能地位以及處理央行與財(cái)政部的關(guān)系這三點(diǎn)上。宋子文通過構(gòu)建“四行二局”金融壟斷體制,集中貨幣發(fā)行權(quán),推行廢元改兩地區(qū)試點(diǎn),為改革減少阻力,同時(shí)也為1935年的幣制改革打下必要基礎(chǔ)。第四部分論述宋子文金融改革思想落實(shí)的具體措施。在宋的主導(dǎo)下,籌建中央銀行、組建政府銀行系統(tǒng)、構(gòu)建金融壟斷體系,還頒布一系列金融法律法規(guī),解決長(zhǎng)期以來困擾國(guó)民政府的經(jīng)費(fèi)問題,使國(guó)民政府無論在國(guó)際金融業(yè)務(wù)還是在國(guó)內(nèi)金融業(yè)務(wù)方面,都不復(fù)受制于異己金融力量,推動(dòng)了中國(guó)金融機(jī)構(gòu)近代化的進(jìn)程。宋子文推行貨幣改革,包括整理與集中貨幣發(fā)行權(quán),為政府集中紙幣發(fā)行掃除障礙；放棄銀本位制度,提出的“金匯兌本位”等,為接下來的幣制改革提供了一個(gè)良好的金融環(huán)境。1935年法幣政策,樹立了健全的金融基礎(chǔ),調(diào)節(jié)金融的弛張,保證經(jīng)濟(jì)的合理發(fā)展。第五部分從當(dāng)時(shí)特殊的歷史背景出發(fā),粗淺地對(duì)改革思想的成效、作用和局限性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。第六部分是結(jié)語,對(duì)本文進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié),由于種種原因的限制,最終宋子文的金融改革只是一種有限的改革。
[Abstract]:Song Ziwei was an important figure in the history of the Republic of China from -80s to 40s. From 1927 to 1937, he made financial regulations, collated public bonds, restructured the banking system, and reformed the currency system. He has planned and presided over a series of important financial reform plans and implemented them. Song Ziwen's exposition and practical activities on financial reform have sorted out and reconstructed China's modern financial market. It is of great significance to establish the first modern monetary system in China and to promote the orderly operation of financial institutions and the development of modern Chinese finance. This paper tries to analyze the enthusiasm and limitation of his thoughts and propositions from his financial reform policies, measures and expositions. This paper is composed of six parts. The first part is the introduction. It mainly discusses the life experience of Song Ziwen himself. The second part discusses the origin and process of his financial reform thought. The third part discusses the content and characteristics of the financial reform thought. Including the connotation of the idea of financial control, the reasons and characteristics of its implementation, the necessity of the reform of financial institutions, and the main part of the reform of financial institutions is focused on the establishment of central banks. Strengthening its functional status and handling the relationship between the central bank and the Ministry of Finance. Song Ziwen, through the construction of a financial monopoly system of "four banks and two bureaus", centralized the power of currency issuance, and carried out two regional pilot projects of abolishing the yuan and reforming the two regions. To reduce resistance to reform, but also to lay the necessary foundation for the reform of the currency system in 1935. Part 4th discusses the specific measures for the implementation of Song Ziwen's financial reform ideas. Under the guidance of Song Dynasty, the Central Bank is to be set up. Set up the government banking system, build the financial monopoly system, and also promulgate a series of financial laws and regulations, to solve the problem of funding that has plagued the national government for a long time. Both in the international financial business and in the domestic financial business, the national government is no longer subject to foreign financial forces, which has promoted the modernization of Chinese financial institutions. Song Ziwen carried out currency reform. It includes sorting out and centralizing the right to issue currency to remove obstacles for the issuance of centralized government notes; Giving up the silver standard system and putting forward the "gold exchange standard" provided a good financial environment for the following currency system reform. In 1935, the law policy established a sound financial foundation. Adjust the relaxation of finance to ensure the rational development of the economy. Part 5th from the special historical background at that time, a superficial evaluation of the effectiveness, role and limitations of the reform. 6th is the conclusion. In this paper, due to the limitations of various reasons, the financial reform of Song Ziwen is only a limited reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F832.9;K263

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本文編號(hào)：1453440