本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國(guó)民間金融的自律監(jiān)管體系構(gòu)建　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 民間金融 民間金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 民間金融監(jiān)管 自律監(jiān)管

【摘要】：自改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制處于漸進(jìn)式的轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)程之中。在這一過(guò)程中,國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取得了巨大成就,持續(xù)的高速增長(zhǎng)讓世人驚嘆。經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長(zhǎng),非國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)部門(mén)功不可沒(méi)。然而,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),自經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型以來(lái),雖然非國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)部門(mén)對(duì)國(guó)家GDP的貢獻(xiàn)達(dá)到了62%以上,但與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的卻是僅獲得了銀行貸款總量的20%左右。1非國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)部門(mén)的發(fā)展是離不開(kāi)融資問(wèn)題的解決,當(dāng)無(wú)法獲得正規(guī)金融支持時(shí),民間金融應(yīng)需自發(fā)而生,為非國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)部門(mén)的發(fā)展起到了巨大的支撐作用。 民間金融是一種誘致性制度變遷的結(jié)果,有著自身的優(yōu)勢(shì),也具有相應(yīng)的局限性,當(dāng)所依賴(lài)的契約保障機(jī)制因外部條件的改變,也相應(yīng)爆發(fā)出了一系列的問(wèn)題,有的甚至造成了巨大的危害。政府出于謹(jǐn)慎的考慮,一直沒(méi)有賦予其合法的身份,并對(duì)其采取了嚴(yán)苛的監(jiān)管措施。在實(shí)際執(zhí)行中,認(rèn)定民間金融為非法,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)爆發(fā)一個(gè)則取締一個(gè),如若風(fēng)險(xiǎn)沒(méi)有爆發(fā),則睜一只眼閉一只眼,任其自流。因而,禁止性的嚴(yán)苛監(jiān)管實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于沒(méi)有監(jiān)管。民間金融作為對(duì)正規(guī)金融服務(wù)不足的完善者,伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展規(guī)模已越來(lái)越大,在對(duì)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)發(fā)揮著重要作用的同時(shí)也埋下了巨大的隱患,從“福安倒會(huì)風(fēng)波”到近年來(lái)頻繁爆發(fā)“跑路潮”,已經(jīng)充分揭示了這一點(diǎn)。政府現(xiàn)時(shí)采取的“缺位”監(jiān)管已經(jīng)無(wú)法再持續(xù)下去。 政府也深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)到了“缺位”監(jiān)管可能導(dǎo)致的巨大隱患。同時(shí),我國(guó)當(dāng)前的金融體制的“抑制”已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。民間金融作為正規(guī)金融服務(wù)不足的補(bǔ)充者,也將成為未來(lái)金融體制深化進(jìn)程中最重要的參與者。引導(dǎo)民間金融走上規(guī)范化的發(fā)展之路,對(duì)其進(jìn)行有效監(jiān)管,降低其存在的潛在危害,促使其為經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展做出更大的貢獻(xiàn),這些已經(jīng)成了當(dāng)前的社會(huì)共識(shí)。2010年5月,國(guó)務(wù)院再次公布了促進(jìn)民間投資健康發(fā)展的相關(guān)文件,以正式文件的形式肯定了民間金融的合理性,開(kāi)啟了民間金融的轉(zhuǎn)型及有效監(jiān)管的探索之路。一直以來(lái),政府只擁有對(duì)正規(guī)金融監(jiān)管的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn),缺乏對(duì)民間金融監(jiān)管的相應(yīng)經(jīng)驗(yàn),究竟什么樣的監(jiān)管體系才適合民間金融,將是一個(gè)極富挑戰(zhàn)性且亟待解決的難題。 針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,本文將在對(duì)民間金融監(jiān)管的相關(guān)理論和實(shí)踐進(jìn)行探析后,結(jié)合我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)型期的特殊國(guó)情,構(gòu)建出一個(gè)基于自律性監(jiān)管為核心的中國(guó)民間金融自律性監(jiān)管體系,為促進(jìn)我國(guó)民間金融的規(guī)范發(fā)展提供了一種可能的思路。本文的研究將具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。Ⅱ 本文第一章,導(dǎo)論,對(duì)民間金融現(xiàn)有研究成果進(jìn)行了梳理。通過(guò)綜述得出轉(zhuǎn)型期中國(guó)民間金融產(chǎn)生的重要原因是“金融抑制”,而在解決信息不對(duì)稱(chēng)問(wèn)題上的相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)是民間金融產(chǎn)生的根源。這兩點(diǎn)決定了民間金融具有客觀合理性,并將長(zhǎng)期存在。在當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)下,既迫切需要民間金融為經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展做出更大的貢獻(xiàn),但民間金融自身又具有脆弱性,因此當(dāng)前的禁止性監(jiān)管模式,己不能再持續(xù)下去了,迫切需要構(gòu)建針對(duì)民間金融的有效監(jiān)管體系。 第二章,金融監(jiān)管理論,對(duì)現(xiàn)有的幾種金融監(jiān)管理論進(jìn)行分析后,指出相關(guān)金融監(jiān)管理論給民間金融監(jiān)管所帶來(lái)的啟示。將通過(guò)的現(xiàn)有的公共利益理論、私人利益理論、監(jiān)管的成本收益理論進(jìn)行介紹后,指出由于外部性及信息不對(duì)稱(chēng)的存在,對(duì)民間金融進(jìn)行監(jiān)管是符合公共利益的。然而如果直接以政府作為監(jiān)管主體,由于政府私人利益的存在將損害公眾利益,同時(shí)以政府為主體的監(jiān)管體系也不一定符合監(jiān)管的成本收益理論的要求。因此,在對(duì)民間金融進(jìn)行監(jiān)管時(shí),要對(duì)監(jiān)管實(shí)施可能產(chǎn)生的成本收益進(jìn)行認(rèn)真評(píng)估,避免成本大于收益的監(jiān)管方案被采用。 第三章,金融監(jiān)管模式,將對(duì)基于不同監(jiān)管主體的幾類(lèi)監(jiān)管模式進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,分別指出各類(lèi)監(jiān)管模式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及局限性。本文基于監(jiān)管主體的不同,將金融監(jiān)管模式分類(lèi)為政府監(jiān)管模式、行業(yè)自律監(jiān)管模式、社會(huì)公眾監(jiān)管模式。指出對(duì)于不同的監(jiān)管主體,由于在參與監(jiān)管時(shí)擁有不同的利益指向及不同的有利于監(jiān)管的資源,而將花費(fèi)不同的成本,并導(dǎo)致不同的監(jiān)管效果。對(duì)于政府監(jiān)管模式而言,在具有權(quán)威性的同時(shí),也擁有難以克服信息不對(duì)稱(chēng)及擁有私人利益指向的缺陷；而行業(yè)自律監(jiān)管模式則在解決信息不對(duì)稱(chēng)上具有優(yōu)勢(shì),同時(shí)能制定更符合實(shí)際的規(guī)范準(zhǔn)則,但難以擁有權(quán)威性,難以有效運(yùn)營(yíng)；社會(huì)公眾監(jiān)管模式雖然擁有龐大的信息量,但難以克服搭便車(chē)問(wèn)題,這也正是市場(chǎng)失靈的原因所在。 第四章,民間金融監(jiān)管的發(fā)展實(shí)踐,將對(duì)現(xiàn)有民間金融監(jiān)管實(shí)踐進(jìn)行分析。通過(guò)對(duì)較具代表性的美國(guó)模式及臺(tái)灣模式進(jìn)行介紹后,歸納出這兩種模式對(duì)構(gòu)建中國(guó)民間金融監(jiān)管體系的借鑒意義。美國(guó)模式和臺(tái)灣模式都以立法的形式賦予民間金融合法的身份,并積極鼓勵(lì)民間金融向正規(guī)中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。另外臺(tái)灣模式則更多地頒發(fā)相應(yīng)的規(guī)范化法律,促使民間金融規(guī)范化運(yùn)營(yíng),降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而美國(guó)模式中民間金融的監(jiān)管權(quán)限被賦予了各州政府,并且各州政府可以根據(jù)本地民間金融發(fā)展的實(shí)際情況,靈活地制定規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 第五章,轉(zhuǎn)型期中國(guó)民間金融監(jiān)管的現(xiàn)實(shí)特征,首先將分析對(duì)民間金融監(jiān)管的邏輯,然后指出我國(guó)民間金融監(jiān)管現(xiàn)狀的進(jìn)行了分析,最后指出了我國(guó)監(jiān)管模式改進(jìn)的可能方向。福安“倒會(huì)”事件及溫州“跑路潮”作為民間金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)爆發(fā)的典型案例,從中,我們可以分析出我國(guó)民間金融制度的內(nèi)在缺陷。民間金融制度的脆弱性是當(dāng)前實(shí)施“禁止性”監(jiān)管的重要原因,但是現(xiàn)有的高強(qiáng)度監(jiān)管安排并沒(méi)有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果,反而存在較多的缺陷。繼而,進(jìn)一步分析了一個(gè)基于行業(yè)自律為核心的監(jiān)管體系的優(yōu)勢(shì)之所在。最后,指出了中國(guó)民間金融監(jiān)管體系的可選方向是以行業(yè)自律為核心。 第六章,轉(zhuǎn)型期中國(guó)民間金融自律性監(jiān)管體系的制度設(shè)計(jì),在提出了民間金融監(jiān)管體系設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)遵循的原則后,分析了民間金融行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的具體設(shè)計(jì)思路,最后提出了中國(guó)民間金融自律監(jiān)管體系具體的構(gòu)建安排。本文提出當(dāng)前所應(yīng)建立的民間金融監(jiān)管體系將以防范系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、促進(jìn)效率及合作為原則。借助利益集團(tuán)的選擇性激勵(lì)理論及奧斯特羅姆的自主治理框架的啟示,提出了民間金融行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)所應(yīng)提供的選擇性激勵(lì)及協(xié)會(huì)在運(yùn)作機(jī)制上應(yīng)注意的要點(diǎn)。最后從制度層面、行政機(jī)制層面及行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的日常自律的操作層面對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)型期的中國(guó)民間金融自律監(jiān)管體系進(jìn)行了具體構(gòu)思。 通過(guò)研究,本文得出以下主要觀點(diǎn)：第一,民間金融的存在具有客觀的合理性,應(yīng)該承認(rèn)其合法性,并構(gòu)建合理的監(jiān)管體系；第二,對(duì)民間金融引入監(jiān)管是符合公共利益的,但在構(gòu)建具體的監(jiān)管體系時(shí)需要防止損害公眾利益的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn),并要注重評(píng)估監(jiān)管實(shí)施的成本及收益,確保符合公共利益；第三,政府不一定民間金融市場(chǎng)失靈的最優(yōu)矯正者,具有社會(huì)和政府合法性的民間金融協(xié)會(huì)亦能替代政府成為民間金融的監(jiān)管者；第四,基于我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)型期的特殊時(shí)代背景及民間金融的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,構(gòu)建一個(gè)以自律監(jiān)管為核心的民間金融監(jiān)管體系將是較優(yōu)的選擇。Ⅲ 本文的創(chuàng)新在于對(duì)現(xiàn)有的金融監(jiān)管理論進(jìn)行分析后,分析了對(duì)民間金融進(jìn)行監(jiān)管的依據(jù)；同時(shí)結(jié)合監(jiān)管的成本收益視角入手,對(duì)不同的監(jiān)管模式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及成本進(jìn)行了探討和分析,指出具有社會(huì)和政府合法性的民間金融協(xié)會(huì)亦能成為民間金融的監(jiān)管者,甚至效果將優(yōu)于政府作為監(jiān)管主體的模式,為推動(dòng)我國(guó)監(jiān)管理念的轉(zhuǎn)變做出一定貢獻(xiàn)；構(gòu)建了一個(gè)以行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)為核心主體的民間金融自律性監(jiān)管體系,可為轉(zhuǎn)型期中國(guó)民間金融監(jiān)管體系的具體設(shè)計(jì)做出一定貢獻(xiàn)。本文的不足在于,選題較大,有限的篇幅難以對(duì)選題進(jìn)行全面探討；同時(shí)本文的研究較為粗淺,不夠深入
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening - up , China ' s economic system has been in the process of gradual transformation . In this process , the country ' s economic development has made great achievements , and the sustained high - speed growth has caused the world to sigh . However , according to statistics , since the economic transformation , although the non - state - owned economy has contributed more than 20 % of the total amount of the bank loans , the development of the non - state - owned economy is inseparable from the solution of the financing problem . Civil finance is the result of the change of incentive system . It has its own advantages and corresponding limitation . When relying on the change of external conditions , it has caused a series of problems . In May , 2010 , the State Council once again published relevant documents to promote the healthy development of civil investment , which has become the most important participant in the deepening process of the future financial system . Aiming at this problem , this paper discusses the relevant theories and practices of civil financial supervision , and constructs a Chinese private financial self - discipline supervision system based on self - discipline supervision based on the special situation of China ' s transitional period . It provides a possible way to promote the development of civil finance in our country . The research of this paper will have realistic significance . In chapter 1 , introduction , the present research results of folk finance are reviewed . Through the review , it is concluded that the important reason of Chinese folk finance in the period of transition is " financial repression " In the present economic situation , there is an urgent need for the private finance to make a greater contribution to the development of the economy . However , in the current economic situation , there is an urgent need for the private finance to make a greater contribution to the development of the economy . Chapter 2 , the theory of financial supervision , analyzes the existing theories of financial supervision , points out the enlightenment from the theory of public interest , private interest theory and supervision cost return . In the third chapter , the financial supervision model will be compared and analyzed based on different kinds of supervision modes , and the advantages and limitations of various kinds of supervision modes are pointed out . In this paper , the financial supervision mode is classified into government supervision mode , industry self - discipline supervision mode and social public supervision mode . Chapter four , the development practice of folk financial supervision , will analyze the practice of the existing private financial supervision . After introducing the representative American model and Taiwan model , this paper concludes the reference significance of these two models to the construction of the Chinese folk financial supervision system . In addition , the American model and the Taiwan model have given the legal status of the private financial institutions in the form of legislation , and actively encouraged the private finance to transform into the formal medium and small financial institutions . Chapter five , the realistic characteristics of the civil financial supervision in China , firstly analyzes the logic of the civil financial supervision , then points out the possible direction of the improvement of China ' s private financial system . Chapter 6 , the system design of the civil financial self - discipline supervision system in the period of transition , after the principles of the design of the civil financial supervision system , analyzes the concrete design thinking of the civil financial industry association , and finally puts forward the specific construction arrangement of the civil financial self - discipline supervision system . Through the research , the following main points are drawn : First , the existence of folk finance has objective rationality , it should recognize its legitimacy and build a reasonable supervision system ; secondly , it needs to prevent the phenomenon of damaging the public interest in the construction of the specific regulatory system , and to pay attention to the appraisal of the cost and benefits of supervision and implementation , and to ensure that the government is the regulator of civil finance ; and the fourth , based on the special time background of the transition in China and the development of civil finance , it is a better choice to construct a private financial supervision system with self - discipline supervision as the core . Based on the analysis of the existing financial supervision theory , this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages and the cost of different supervision modes . It points out that the civil financial association with social and government legitimacy can also be the regulator of civil finance , and it can make a certain contribution to the concrete design of the civil financial supervision system in China .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.1

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