本文關鍵詞：FDI與東道國貧困減少的理論與實證研究　出處：《重慶大學》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： FDI 貧困減少 信號甄別模型 福利效應 區(qū)域差異

【摘要】：隨著經濟全球化進程的不斷深入，外國直接投資（FDI）在世界經濟發(fā)展中扮演著越來越重要的角色。關于外國直接投資（FDI）對東道國經濟發(fā)展的影響研究曾幾度成為國際經濟學界關注的熱點話題。從外國直接投資（FDI）形成的原因到外國直接投資（FDI）對東道國的各種溢出效應的研究，這些都為國際經濟學帶來了巨大發(fā)展，也為世界經濟一體化和全球化奠定了深厚的理論基礎。 盡管世界經濟經歷了長期的平穩(wěn)增長，然而，貧窮問題仍是當今世界最尖銳的社會問題之一。它不僅阻礙社會經濟發(fā)展，同時也是造成社會不穩(wěn)定的最大因素之一。消除貧困，解決每個人的溫飽問題，已經成為各國政府的首要任務和重要職責。早在2000年，聯(lián)合國就在《千年發(fā)展目標宣言》（Millennium DevelopmentGoals Declaration，MDGD）中將“促進人類發(fā)展和顯著減少貧困”作為發(fā)展中國家截止到2015年的階段性目標。 盡管外國直接投資（FDI）的出現已長達半個多世紀，并且對發(fā)展中國家的經濟增長有著巨大的促進作用（這一觀點直到現在仍存有爭議），然而直到本世紀初，關于FDI的研究大多仍集中于FDI對東道國工資水平、技術溢出等方面的研究，FDI與東道國貧困變化之間關系的研究仍不為大多數學者所關注。進入本新世紀后，各國政府都將消除貧困放在了本國社會發(fā)展的首要位置，FDI與東道國貧困問題之間的關系也受到了國際相關機構、經濟學者和各國政府的普遍關注�；谥袊抢猛赓Y最大的發(fā)展中國家和擁有絕對數量龐大的貧困人口這兩個現實情況，，本研究結合中國的實際情況就FDI對中國不同層面和區(qū)域的貧困變化之間的關系進行了研究。之后，本研究結合FDI的不同類型對FDI與東道國福利之間的關系進行了理論分析，并結合流入中國不同產業(yè)的FDI數據，對這一關系進行了實證研究。經過對上述觀點的探究，本研究主要得出以下幾個結論： ①FDI對我國貧困減少有著顯著的影響作用，且具有很強的非線性特征；另外，不同層面的FDI相同流入速度對貧困減少的影響程度亦有不同，顯示出FDI貧困減少效應的“層面依賴性”； FDI的減貧效應在1990——1995年間，對于三個層面的貧困減少都有高區(qū)制的減貧效應。之后，城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)和全國總體而言，FDI的減貧機制大都處于低區(qū)制內。就農村層面來說，FDI在該層面的減貧效應“門檻”較低，這可能與我國貧困主體廣泛分布于農村地區(qū)有關。 ②流入中國三大區(qū)域間的FDI對緩解三大區(qū)域的貧困狀況有顯著的正向積極作用，即FDI的減貧效應在我國三大區(qū)域間不存在“質”的差異。但FDI的減貧效應在我國東、中、西部地區(qū)卻存在“量”的不同。人均FDI的變化比例（也可理解為人均FDI對貧困指數的偏彈性）對我國東部地區(qū)的貧困指數變動影響為-0.19左右，對西部地區(qū)貧困指數的影響為-0.17左右，而對中部地區(qū)的影響最小降低至-0.15左右。 ③造成FDI的貧困減少效應存在區(qū)域差異的原因主要受到區(qū)域開放程度、區(qū)域內部的GINI系數以及區(qū)域科技水平等因素的影響，且這些因素影響作用的大小隨著區(qū)域間經濟的發(fā)展變化呈現出動態(tài)變化。以2003年為分界點，區(qū)域開放程度和區(qū)域內部的GINI系數對FDI貧困減少效應的溢出出現了交叉分化。2003年前，區(qū)域開放程度一直是影響FDI貧困減少效應溢出的最大因素，而區(qū)域內部的GINI系數的影響作用則次之；2003年后，區(qū)域內部的GINI系數成為了影響FDI貧困減少效應溢出的最主要因素，區(qū)域開放程度則成為第二大因素。在區(qū)域開放程度、區(qū)域內部的GINI系數和區(qū)域科技水平三個因素當中，區(qū)域科技水平在整個考察區(qū)間對FDI貧困減少效應的溢出影響都是最小因素，但其影響作用卻一直處于上升趨勢。 ④外資企業(yè)和合資企業(yè)等FDI企業(yè)作為東道國的引資“代理人”會依據東道國政府對不同類型FDI的偏好而進行“傾向性”引資。當東道國政府為了更多的引進外資給與政策優(yōu)惠時，不同類型的FDI都有進入東道國投資的沖動，東道國政府不同的優(yōu)惠政策會帶來不同的福利影響，并且對所有外資的“超國民待遇”越大，反而越有可能損害本國的整體福利。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization, foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an increasingly important role in the development of the world economy. On foreign direct investment (FDI) impact on the economic development of the host country had a couple of words become a hot concern of the international economics. From the foreign direct investment (FDI) causes to foreign direct investment (FDI) on spillover effect to the host country, which brought great development for international economics, has laid a solid theoretical basis for the integration of the world economy and globalization.
Although the world economy has experienced a steady growth in the long term, however, the problem of poverty is still one of the social problems of the world's most incisive. It not only hinder economic and social development, is also one of the biggest factors causing social instability. To eliminate poverty, solve everyone's problems of food and clothing, has become the primary task of governments and important responsibilities. As early as 2000, the United Nations Declaration of development goals in the Millennium "(Millennium DevelopmentGoals Declaration, MDGD)," the promotion of human development and reduce poverty "as developing countries by the end of 2015 milestones.
Although foreign direct investment (FDI) has more than half a century, and the economic growth in developing countries has a huge role in promoting (this view until now is still controversial), however, until the beginning of this century, the researches on FDI are still concentrated in the east of FDI road in the wage level, the research on technology spillover so, study on the relationship between FDI and the changes of poverty of the host country is still not as most scholars. Entering the new century, governments will eliminate poverty is put in the first place of the development of the society, the FDI and the host country of poverty and the relationship between the relevant international organizations have also been widespread concern, economists and governments all over the world. Based on the China is the largest developing country and the use of foreign capital has a huge number of absolute poverty population in the two reality, this study combined with the actual situation of the FDI in Chinese The relationship between the changes of poverty in different levels and regions were studied. Then, this study combined with FDI of different types of relationship between FDI and the welfare of host country is analyzed, and combining FDI data into different industries China, the relationship between the empirical research. Through the research on the above ideas, this the research mainly draws the following conclusions:
FDI has a significant influence on China's poverty reduction, and has strong nonlinear characteristics; in addition, different levels of the same FDI inflow velocity impact on poverty reduction are different, showing the FDI poverty reduction effect "level of dependence; poverty reduction effect of FDI should be 1990 - 1995 for three years, the level of poverty reduction has high poverty reducing effects of system. After that, urban areas and the overall poverty reduction mechanism, FDI is mostly in low district system. The rural level, the level of FDI in the poverty reduction effect of" threshold "is relatively low, which may be related to poverty in China the subject is widely distributed in rural areas.
The China flows between the three regions of FDI to alleviate the poverty situation of three regions have a positive effect, namely FDI poverty reduction effect does not exist "quality" of the differences between the three regions in our country. But the poverty reducing effects of FDI in East China, in the "quantity", but there the different western regions. The percentage change in per capita FDI (also can be understood as the per capita FDI of poverty index elasticity) impact on poverty index changes in the eastern region of China is about -0.19 and the impact on poverty index in western area is about -0.17, and the influence on the central region of the minimum is reduced to about -0.15.
The causes of the poverty reduction effect of FDI is mainly affected by the regional differences of regional opening degree, regional factors within the GINI coefficient and the regional science and technology level, and these factors influence the size with the change and development of regional economic show dynamic changes. The cut-off point in 2003, the GINI coefficient and the degree of opening area within the region to reduce the effects of the overflow of FDI poverty appear cross differentiation.2003 years ago, the regional opening degree has been the biggest impact factors of spillover effects of FDI poverty reduction, GINI coefficient and intra regional influence is secondary; after 2003, GINI coefficient within the region has become the main influencing factors of the spillover. FDI poverty reduction, regional openness has become the second major factors in regional opening degree, GINI coefficient of intra regional and regional science and technology level of the three factors, district The impact of the domain technology level on the spillover effect of the FDI poverty reduction effect is the smallest factor, but its effect has been on the rise.
The foreign enterprises and joint ventures and other FDI companies as the host country investment "agent" will be "tendentious" on the basis of the host government investment preferences for different types of FDI. When the host government for more foreign investment to give preferential policies, different types of FDI have entered the host country investment impulse, the host government different preferential the policy will bring different welfare effects, and super national treatment to all foreign "bigger, but more likely to damage their overall welfare.

【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F224;F831.6;F113.9

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