本文關(guān)鍵詞：日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力變化研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：1955年日本進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)時(shí)期，從1955年至1973年，年均實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率高達(dá)9.3%，在1968年其經(jīng)濟(jì)總量超過原聯(lián)邦德國(guó)，成為僅次于美國(guó)的資本主義世界第二經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)。伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長(zhǎng)，日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力也奠定了雄厚的資本基礎(chǔ)。20世紀(jì)80年代金融自由化和金融全球化日益發(fā)展，日本在金融領(lǐng)域逐步放松一些規(guī)制促進(jìn)了其金融國(guó)際化的發(fā)展。日本金融機(jī)構(gòu)開始大舉進(jìn)入海外，促使東京國(guó)際金融市場(chǎng)的地位大大提高，日元走向國(guó)際化。1986年末，日本商業(yè)銀行的海外資產(chǎn)已占其資產(chǎn)總額的20%，國(guó)際業(yè)務(wù)收入占總收入的比重達(dá)到了22%。整個(gè)20世紀(jì)80年代，日本銀行業(yè)全行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模盈利；全球銀行產(chǎn)業(yè)的利潤(rùn)主要來自日本銀行，這讓歐美競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手望塵莫及。 20世紀(jì)90年代初“泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)”崩潰，日本經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入了長(zhǎng)期蕭條。但是，，國(guó)際銀行業(yè)掀起的并購(gòu)浪潮促使日本銀行業(yè)在這次變革中規(guī)模更加擴(kuò)大。1992年，排在世界前九位的商業(yè)銀行均為日本所有，世界前五十家商業(yè)銀行中也有近一半（22家）是日本的銀行。1994年，日本銀行業(yè)在這兩項(xiàng)中所占位置有所減少，但世界前六大商業(yè)銀行仍為日本所有；在全世界銀行業(yè)總資產(chǎn)中，日本占了近40%。 1995年“住專事件”這一導(dǎo)火索暴露了日本銀行業(yè)的巨額不良債權(quán)問題，日本銀行業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力由此急轉(zhuǎn)直下。從1992年至2002年這10年間，日本的銀行已處理了大約90萬(wàn)億日元左右的不良債權(quán)，這一數(shù)額己達(dá)到20世紀(jì)80年代后半期日本經(jīng)濟(jì)“泡沫”繁榮時(shí)銀行所增加貸款額的80%�！芭菽�(jīng)濟(jì)”崩潰使得日本銀行業(yè)累積了巨額不良債權(quán)，日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力大幅削弱，將日本經(jīng)濟(jì)拖入了長(zhǎng)期蕭條泥潭而難以自拔。日本金融當(dāng)局并沒有從1997～1998年?yáng)|南亞金融危機(jī)和1998年日本“金融大爆炸”之中切實(shí)理清日本銀行業(yè)危機(jī)的深層原因，始終在制度疲勞和制度慣性形成的路徑依賴以及政府作用之間找尋解決出口。這種牽制作用體現(xiàn)在政府出臺(tái)的各種處理措施、改革方案和政策對(duì)策方面都不能取得預(yù)期的效果，最終拖延了時(shí)間和貽誤了最佳時(shí)機(jī)，使得日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力一蹶不振。2008年國(guó)際金融危機(jī)以及隨后延伸演化且日趨惡化的歐洲主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)，使得日本政府疲于應(yīng)對(duì)外部沖擊而相應(yīng)推遲了國(guó)內(nèi)的改革，這也阻礙了日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提升。通過梳理日本銀行業(yè)的形成與發(fā)展歷程，可以從中找尋出其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力興替的演化路徑、深層原因和生成機(jī)制，這對(duì)于中國(guó)金融深化進(jìn)程中提升商業(yè)銀行國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和維護(hù)國(guó)家金融安全具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。 本文分為7章。第1章為導(dǎo)論。本章主要論述選題的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，并在此基礎(chǔ)上梳理和評(píng)述相關(guān)國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)，而后進(jìn)一步探討論文的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和主要研究方法，最后指出本文的創(chuàng)新和不足之處。 第2章為銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理論及其評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本章首先介紹銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力及其相關(guān)理論，然后闡述銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，最后介紹銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的評(píng)價(jià)體系。 第3章為日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力形成與發(fā)展的歷史變遷。本章日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的發(fā)展變化劃分為由弱變強(qiáng)和由強(qiáng)變?nèi)鮾蓚�(gè)演變階段進(jìn)行詳細(xì)梳理。在日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力由弱變強(qiáng)的演變中，文章進(jìn)一步從經(jīng)濟(jì)萌芽和起飛時(shí)期（1955年以前）、經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)時(shí)期（1955～1973年）和經(jīng)濟(jì)低速或穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)時(shí)期（1974～1985年）三個(gè)階段分別進(jìn)行展開；在日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力由強(qiáng)變?nèi)醯难葑冎�，文章進(jìn)一步從泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期（1986～1990年）和經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期蕭條時(shí)期（1991年～至今）兩個(gè)典型階段展開論述。 第4章為導(dǎo)致20世紀(jì)90年代中期以來日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力變化的宏觀動(dòng)因。本章從國(guó)際環(huán)境和國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)境兩大方面進(jìn)行分析：在國(guó)際環(huán)境分析方面，主要圍繞跨國(guó)并購(gòu)浪潮高漲、國(guó)際資本流動(dòng)規(guī)模急劇膨脹、全球經(jīng)濟(jì)失衡與金融危機(jī)和新資本協(xié)議四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)論述；在國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)境分析方面，主要集中在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）增長(zhǎng)率下降、流動(dòng)性陷阱和量化寬松政策、日元持續(xù)升值和“住專事件”五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行展開。 第5章為導(dǎo)致20世紀(jì)90年代中期以來日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力變化的微觀動(dòng)因。本章論述導(dǎo)致日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降的銀行自身原因，這一部分主要從銀行特許權(quán)價(jià)值、治理結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)部控制和審計(jì)監(jiān)管四個(gè)方面展開論述。 第6章為導(dǎo)致20世紀(jì)90年代中期以來日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力削弱的生成機(jī)制。本章將日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力削弱的生成機(jī)制歸結(jié)為兩大方面：一是制度疲勞和制度慣性形成的制度僵化“硬約束”；二是政府作用弱化形成的“軟約束”�！坝布s束”體現(xiàn)了制度變遷所具有的路徑依賴屬性，制度慣性和制度疲勞使得日本銀行業(yè)和企業(yè)之間的利益紐帶難以割舍，這樣會(huì)增加銀行不良資產(chǎn)的存量積累；“軟約束”體現(xiàn)了政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)中主導(dǎo)作用的弱化，從“政府主導(dǎo)型經(jīng)濟(jì)”轉(zhuǎn)向“市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)型經(jīng)濟(jì)”過程中原來經(jīng)濟(jì)鼎盛時(shí)期的強(qiáng)政府作用被經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期的弱政府作用所替代，這樣在處理銀行業(yè)巨額不良資產(chǎn)等重大問題上極易貽誤時(shí)機(jī)而陷入惡性循環(huán)泥潭難于自拔。 第7章為結(jié)論和啟示。本文的結(jié)論歸結(jié)為三個(gè)方面：（1）日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的興衰變化反映了日本經(jīng)濟(jì)從高速增長(zhǎng)、泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向長(zhǎng)期蕭條的內(nèi)生演化路徑；（2）日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的興衰變化具有深刻的宏觀動(dòng)因和微觀動(dòng)因；（3）制度僵化和政府作用弱化共同促成20世紀(jì)90年代中期以來日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力由盛及衰的變化。日本銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的興衰變化對(duì)于中國(guó)銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重要的啟示：（1）實(shí)施基于Basel III的新資本監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，增強(qiáng)中國(guó)銀行體系的穩(wěn)健性和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可控性；（2）構(gòu)建價(jià)值創(chuàng)造導(dǎo)向的商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部控制體系；（3）強(qiáng)化商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部控制與內(nèi)部審計(jì)的互動(dòng)；（4）信息披露與外部監(jiān)管的強(qiáng)化約束有助于夯實(shí)中國(guó)銀行業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In 1955, Japan entered a period of rapid economic growth, from 1955 to 1973, the actual average annual economic growth rate of 9.3% in 1968, its total economic output more than the former Federal Republic of Germany, after the United States to become the world's second largest economy of capitalism. With the rapid growth of economy, the international competitiveness of the banking industry has laid a solid foundation of capital.20 century in 80s, financial liberalization and financial globalization, Japan in the field of finance gradually relaxed regulation and promote the development of the financial internationalization. Japanese financial institutions began to make inroads into overseas, Tokyo international financial market is greatly improved, the internationalization of the yen at the end of.1986, Japan's commercial banks overseas assets accounted for 20% of the total assets of the international business income, the proportion of total revenue reached 22%. in 1980s, the Japanese banking industry is big The size of the profit; the global banking industry profits mainly from the Bank of Japan, Europe and the United States which allow competitors to catch up.
At the beginning of the 1990s collapse of the "bubble economy", the Japanese economy into a long-term depression. However, the international banking industry set off a wave of mergers and acquisitions prompted Japanese banks in this change in scale expands.1992 years, ranked in the world top nine commercial banks are all of Japan, the world's top fifty banks have nearly half (22) the Bank of Japan is.1994 years, Japanese banks have accounted for two of the decline in the position, but the world's top six commercial banks is still all of Japan; in the total assets of the world bank, Japan accounted for nearly 40%.
1995 "live ad event" the fuse has exposed the bad debt problem of Japanese banking industry, international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry. Thus from this a sudden turn for the worse 10 years from 1992 to 2002, the Bank of Japan has handled about 90 trillion yen. The amount of non-performing loans has reached the second half of 1980s the Japanese economy "bubble" boom banks increase the amount of loans 80%. "bubble economy" collapse caused by Japanese banks accumulated bad debt, the international competitiveness of Japanese banks sharply weakened, the Japanese economy into a long-term recession mire and unable to extricate themselves. Japan's financial authorities have deep reasons from the 1997 to the Southeast Asian financial crisis in 1998 and 1998 in Japan "financial the big bang" to sort out the Japanese banking crisis, always in the path of institutional and institutional inertia dependence on fatigue and The role of government for export. This solution between the role reflected in various treatment measures introduced by the government, the reform plan and policy measures can not achieve the desired results, the final delay time and the best time for delay, the international competitiveness of Japanese banking Yijuebuzhen.2008 international financial crisis and the subsequent evolution and extension of deterioration the European sovereign debt crisis, the Japanese government struggling to cope with external shocks and delayed the domestic reform, it also hinders the international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry promotion. Through the formation and development of the carding of the Japanese banks, can find out the evolution path of the international competitiveness of the rise and fall in the deep reason and formation mechanism this is to enhance the international competitiveness of commercial banks Chinese financial deepening process, prevent financial risks and safeguard national financial security is important The strategic significance.
This paper is divided into 7 chapters. The first chapter is introduction. This chapter mainly discusses the theoretical significance and practical significance of the topics, and on the basis of combing and reviewing the related literature at home and abroad, and then further explore the logical structure and the main research methods of this paper, finally pointed out the innovation and deficiencies.
The second chapter is the theory and evaluation standard of international competitiveness of banking industry. This chapter first introduces the international competitiveness and related theories of banking industry, then expounds the evaluation criteria of international competitiveness of banking industry, and finally introduces the evaluation system of international competitiveness of banking industry.
The third chapter is the history of the formation and development of the international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry. The development and change of international competitiveness this chapter divided the Japanese banking industry from weak to strong and from strong to weak in two stages. In the detailed combing the international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry from weak to strong in the evolution of the economy, further from the bud and take off the period (before 1955), the rapid economic growth period (1955 ~ 1973) and low economic or stable growth period (1974 ~ 1985) in three phases; in the international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry from strong to weak in the evolution, the article further from the bubble economy period (1986 ~ 1990) and long-term economic depression (1991 ~) two typical stages are discussed.
The fourth chapter is to change the macro international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry since the mid 1990s. This chapter from the international and domestic environment two aspects: analysis of the international environmental analysis, mainly focus on the transnational merger tide, the scale of international capital flows swelling, four aspects of global economic imbalances and financial crisis and new capital the protocol in detail; in the aspect of domestic environmental analysis, mainly concentrated in the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate decline, liquidity trap and quantitative easing, the continued appreciation of the yen and the "living" five aspects.
The fifth chapter is to the microscopic change of the international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry since the mid 1990s. This chapter leads to the decline of international competitiveness of Japan Bank for their own reasons, this part is mainly from the bank franchise value, corporate governance structure, discusses the four aspects of internal control and audit supervision.
The sixth chapter is the lead generation mechanism since the mid 1990s the international competitiveness of Japanese banks weakened. This chapter summed up the formation mechanism of weakening the international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry to two aspects: one is the system of fatigue and the inertia of the system formed by the rigid "hard constraints"; the two is the government weakened the formation of "soft constraints". "Hard constraints" reflects the path of institutional change is the dependency of attributes, the inertia of the system and the system makes the Japanese banking and fatigue between the interests of the enterprise bond to break away, it will increase the stock of non-performing assets accumulated; "soft constraints" reflects the weakening of the government's leading role in the economy, from "government oriented economy" to "strong government role of the original economic heyday of the market oriented economy" is in the process of economic depression and weak government during the period of replacement, so at The major problems of banking huge non-performing assets and so on is very easy to fall into the quagmire of vicious spiral bungle opportunity is difficult to extricate themselves.
The seventh chapter is the conclusion and enlightenment. The conclusion of this paper summarized into three aspects: (1) the rise and fall of changes in the international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry reflects the Japanese bubble economy from economic growth, to long-term depression of the endogenous evolution path; (2) the international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry's prosperity and decline with the macro and micro causes of change deep; (3) rigid system and contribute to weakening the role of government since the mid 1990s the international competitiveness of Japanese banks by the change of prosperity and decline. It has important enlightenment and changes in the international competitiveness of Japanese banking industry for the development of Chinese Banking: (1) the implementation of Basel III based on the new regulatory capital standards, and enhance robustness controllable risk Chinese banking system; (2) the internal control system construction of value creation oriented commercial banks; (3) strengthen the commercial bank internal control and internal audit each other (4) the strengthening constraints of information disclosure and external supervision can help to consolidate the international competitiveness of China's banking industry.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F833.13

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