【摘要】：近年來,隨著經(jīng)濟不斷向前發(fā)展,城市化進程進一步加快,人口迅猛增加,許多大型的公共場所如體育館、購物商場、展覽中心等不斷涌現(xiàn)。發(fā)生火災、地震、恐怖事件等緊急突發(fā)事件時人員傷亡慘重,對社會造成的危害巨大。因此,研究如何快速及時地疏散緊急情況下的人群,意義重大。本文利用元胞自動機模型對緊急情況下室內(nèi)人群經(jīng)走廊疏散進行模擬,探討存在逆向行人時室內(nèi)出口設(shè)置對人群經(jīng)走廊疏散的影響。 同時,車輛保有量的快速增長,導致交通堵塞加劇、車輛交通事故增多、車輛排放量增大、環(huán)境污染嚴重、能源稀缺等一系列與車輛交通相關(guān)的問題,這些現(xiàn)已成為世界性的問題。因此,如何利用現(xiàn)有知識體系最大限度地挖掘出現(xiàn)有交通設(shè)施的通行能力同時降低能源消耗,具有十分重大的意義。本文利用宏觀交通流模型討論如何計算道路上車輛行駛時的能量耗散,最后用NaSch模型討論十字道路紅綠燈周期、道路車輛入流概率和出流概率對交通車輛的啟動動能的影響。 本文主要工作如下： (1)根據(jù)元胞自動機靜態(tài)場模型,對室內(nèi)低密度和高密度人群經(jīng)走廊疏散進行模擬。研究出口的設(shè)置對人群疏散的影響。通過研究表明,疏散人群密度低時,室內(nèi)出口設(shè)置離走廊出口越遠,人群全部疏散所用時間越少,室內(nèi)出口的設(shè)置越優(yōu)。疏散人群密度高時,室內(nèi)出口設(shè)置離走廊出口越近,人群全部疏散所用時間越少,室內(nèi)出口的設(shè)置越優(yōu)。 (2)根據(jù)動能減少量就是能量耗散量的定義,在幾個經(jīng)典宏觀交通流模型基礎(chǔ)上,提出計算能量耗散的公式,討論宏觀交通流模型中影響能耗的因素,并與元胞自動機模型中的作對比。經(jīng)過分析討論得出,宏觀交通流模型能耗不同于元胞自動機交通模型,其能耗不僅與車流速度的減少有關(guān),而且還受通過該路段車流的能量通量影響。通過對滿足黎曼初始條件的道路能耗和道路交通瓶頸處能耗的計算和理論分析,表明交通擁堵處,能量耗散比較高,而且能量耗散的變化也能反映交通擁堵產(chǎn)生及消散的情況。 (3)根據(jù)元胞自動機啟動動能的定義,當紅綠燈間隔及車輛出入流概率不同時對十字路口處的總啟動動能的影響。經(jīng)過數(shù)值模擬及分析討論得出,進車概率越大,出車概率越小,道路中的車輛越擁擠,紅綠燈周期越小,越頻繁地在十字路口及道路出口處形成往后傳遞的密度波,道路總啟動能耗越大。 最后,總結(jié)了本文的工作,對今后行人疏散及能耗的研究進行了展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of economy, the process of urbanization, the rapid increase of population, many large public places such as gymnasium, shopping malls, exhibition centers and so on continue to emerge. Fire, earthquake, terrorist events and other emergency incidents when casualties are heavy, causing great harm to the society. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to evacuate people in emergency situations quickly and in a timely manner. In this paper, the cellular automata model is used to simulate the evacuation of the indoor crowd through the corridor in an emergency, and the influence of the indoor exit setting on the evacuation of the crowd through the corridor in the presence of reverse pedestrians is discussed. At the same time, the rapid growth of vehicle ownership has led to the aggravation of traffic jams, the increase of vehicle traffic accidents, the increase of vehicle emissions, the serious environmental pollution, and the scarcity of energy and a series of problems related to vehicle traffic. These have become a worldwide problem. Therefore, how to use the existing knowledge system to maximize the capacity of traffic facilities and reduce energy consumption is of great significance. In this paper, the macroscopic traffic flow model is used to discuss how to calculate the energy dissipation of the vehicle on the road. Finally, the influence of the cross road traffic light period, the inflow probability and the outflow probability of the road vehicle on the starting kinetic energy of the traffic vehicle is discussed by using the NaSch model. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) based on the Cellular Automata static field model, the evacuation of indoor low-density and high-density people through the corridor is simulated. To study the impact of exit setting on crowd evacuation. The results show that when the density of evacuation crowd is low, the farther away from the corridor exit is, the less time it will take to evacuate all the people, and the better the indoor exit will be set. When the density of evacuation crowd is high, the nearer the indoor exit setting is to the corridor exit, the less time it takes to evacuate the whole crowd, and the better the indoor exit setting is. (2) according to the definition of energy dissipation, based on several classical macro traffic flow models, a formula for calculating energy dissipation is put forward, and the factors affecting energy consumption in macro traffic flow model are discussed. It is compared with that in cellular automata model. Through analysis and discussion, it is concluded that the energy consumption of macro traffic flow model is different from that of cellular automata traffic model, and its energy consumption is not only related to the reduction of traffic flow speed, but also affected by the energy flux of traffic flow through this section. Through the calculation and theoretical analysis of the road energy consumption and the road traffic bottle neck energy consumption satisfying the Riemannian initial conditions, it is shown that the energy dissipation at the traffic congestion is relatively high, and the change of the energy dissipation can also reflect the occurrence and dissipation of the traffic congestion. (3) according to the definition of the starting kinetic energy of cellular automata, the influence of the interval of traffic lights and the probability of vehicle entering and leaving flow on the total starting kinetic energy at the crossing is different. Through numerical simulation and analysis, it is concluded that the greater the probability of entering and leaving the car, the smaller the probability of exit, the more crowded the vehicles in the road, the smaller the cycle of traffic lights, and the more frequent the density wave will be transmitted backward at the crossroads and at the exit of the road. The greater the total start-up energy consumption of the road. Finally, the work of this paper is summarized, and the future research on pedestrian evacuation and energy consumption is prospected.
【學位授予單位】：廣西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：U491.112

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