【摘要】：目前，隨著城市規(guī)模不斷發(fā)展，城市人口的逐漸增加，城市交通問題日益凸顯。大力發(fā)展公共交通已成為城市“緩堵保暢”，降低交通污染的重要途徑。城市軌道交通作為城市公共交通的組成部分，具有快速、準時、運量大、無污染等優(yōu)點，目前國內(nèi)許多大中型城市都已建或在建，城市軌道交通在我國發(fā)展前景廣闊；常規(guī)公交作為現(xiàn)狀我國城市公共交通的主體部分，具有線路設(shè)置靈活、方便等優(yōu)點。隨著智能交通系統(tǒng)在我國不斷的發(fā)展，在構(gòu)建一體化城市公共交通的進程中有效結(jié)合這兩種交通的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢，揚長避短，實現(xiàn)有效的接駁協(xié)調(diào)，是提高城市公共交通體系整體效率的重要舉措。 本文在網(wǎng)絡(luò)運營條件下，以城市軌道交通與常規(guī)公交的特例——接運公交之間的換乘接駁為研究內(nèi)容，著重對接運公交發(fā)車間隔進行了研究，通過使用概率論和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計的方法，，對該問題構(gòu)建了相關(guān)模型，并對模型進行了啟發(fā)式算法的建立。在模型構(gòu)建之前，陳述了軌道交通與接運公交換乘接駁的理論方法，研究了乘客換乘走行時間的分布規(guī)律，為建模構(gòu)建了數(shù)據(jù)和理論方面的支撐。 文章首先對軌道交通與接運公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的換乘理論進行了分析，并根據(jù)換乘類型，指出兩種交通方式發(fā)車間隔較小情況下，一般不用進行發(fā)車間隔優(yōu)化。然后對乘客換乘走行時間進行了抽樣調(diào)查，從累積分布函數(shù)的角度，運用Weibull函數(shù)對換乘走行時間的分布進行了描述，并進行參數(shù)估計和參數(shù)檢驗。 在此研究基礎(chǔ)上，確定本文研究平峰時段內(nèi)城市軌道交通與接運公交之間的運營協(xié)調(diào)。基于接運公交采用不等間隔發(fā)車的思想，以研究時段內(nèi)最小乘客總換乘時間為優(yōu)化目標，建立了相關(guān)的模型，并對模型求解的啟發(fā)式算法進行設(shè)計。最后，把西安地鐵2號線換乘接運公交162路作為算例，對模型進行了驗證。 經(jīng)過本文的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)Weibull分布對于乘客換乘走行時間的分布規(guī)律的描述性能較為優(yōu)良；平峰時段對接運公交的發(fā)車間隔進行優(yōu)化計算更有意義；接運公交在平峰時段采用不等間隔發(fā)車比較容易實現(xiàn)且優(yōu)化效果明顯。會展中心站的換乘在優(yōu)化計算以后，平均每一個乘客在研究時段內(nèi)換乘時間縮減了104.7秒，所有乘客的總換乘時間縮減了27365秒，折合7小時36分鐘。因此，本文設(shè)計的乘客總換乘時間模型和遺傳算法對兩種交通方式之間的換乘接駁優(yōu)化是有效的，具有一定的實用性。
[Abstract]:At present, with the continuous development of urban scale and the increasing of urban population, urban traffic problems become increasingly prominent. The development of public transportation has become an important way to reduce traffic pollution. As a part of urban public transportation, urban rail transit has the advantages of fast, punctual, large volume, no pollution and so on. At present, many large and medium-sized cities in China have been built or are under construction, and urban rail transit has a broad development prospect in China. As the main part of urban public transport in our country, bus routine has the advantages of flexible and convenient route setting. With the continuous development of intelligent transportation system in our country, in the process of constructing integrated urban public transportation, we can effectively combine the technical and economic advantages of these two kinds of traffic, exploit the advantages and avoid the disadvantages, and realize effective connection and coordination. It is an important measure to improve the overall efficiency of urban public transport system. In this paper, under the condition of network operation, taking the special case of urban rail transit and conventional public transport as the research content, the paper focuses on the study of the bus departure interval. By using the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics, the related models are constructed and the heuristic algorithms are established. Before the model is constructed, the theory and method of rail transit and transit transfer connection are stated, the distribution of passenger transfer and departure time is studied, and the data and theoretical support are constructed for the modeling. In this paper, firstly, the transfer theory in rail transit and transit network is analyzed, and according to the type of transfer, it is pointed out that there is no need to optimize the departure interval in the case of small departure interval between the two modes of transportation. Then a sampling survey is carried out on the passenger transfer travel time. From the angle of cumulative distribution function, the distribution of transfer travel time is described by using Weibull function, and the parameter estimation and parameter test are carried out. On the basis of this study, this paper studies the operation coordination between urban rail transit and transit during peak time. Based on the idea of using unequal interval for bus delivery and taking the minimum passenger transfer time as the optimization objective, the relevant model is established and the heuristic algorithm for solving the model is designed. Finally, the model is verified by taking the transfer bus 162 of Xi'an Metro Line 2 as an example. Through the analysis of this paper, it is found that the Weibull distribution has a good performance in describing the distribution law of passenger transfer and departure time, and it is more meaningful to optimize the departure interval of docking public transportation in the flat peak time. It is easy to realize the bus transportation at different intervals and the effect of optimization is obvious. After optimization calculation, the average transfer time of each passenger was reduced by 104.7 seconds, and the total transfer time of all passengers was reduced by 27365 seconds, equivalent to 7 hours and 36 minutes. Therefore, the total passenger transfer time model and genetic algorithm designed in this paper are effective and practical for the optimization of the transfer connection between the two traffic modes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U12

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