【摘要】： 方方是當(dāng)代文壇的著名女性小說(shuō)作家,受到了眾多女性讀者與評(píng)論家的關(guān)注。在女性作家中,方方是與眾不同的,她是一位精于思考又善于表達(dá)的女作家。她對(duì)女性的悲劇命運(yùn)進(jìn)行了多方位的敘述和研究�？v觀方方的小說(shuō),可以發(fā)現(xiàn)作者己將文學(xué)的情思更多地投入到對(duì)女性現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的敘寫與女性生活的悲歡離合上,已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)離了傳統(tǒng)歷史事件的宏大敘事。方方筆下的“小人物”,她們常常被強(qiáng)大的生活現(xiàn)狀所左右,正常的人生追求與生存欲望總是被無(wú)常的命運(yùn)所扼殺,雖然這些女性出于人性本能、人性欲望都在以不同的方式努力地去爭(zhēng)取以獲得解放,自覺(jué)抵抗著來(lái)自外界或自我內(nèi)心的種種誘惑和壓迫,捍衛(wèi)著女性生命的尊嚴(yán),但她們最后還是把自己套牢在囚籠當(dāng)中,以失敗或悲劇而告終。 方方通過(guò)一個(gè)個(gè)個(gè)體女人悲劇故事的書寫,呈現(xiàn)出一幅女人悲劇命運(yùn)的立體畫卷,透過(guò)對(duì)女人集體命運(yùn)的展覽,既可透視出在男權(quán)話語(yǔ)壓抑下女人不可避免的悲劇命運(yùn),又可透視出人類精神世界在現(xiàn)實(shí)的壓抑下無(wú)處遁逃的結(jié)局。本文由五個(gè)部分構(gòu)成,引言概述方方及其小說(shuō)的創(chuàng)作特色,以及評(píng)論界對(duì)方方小說(shuō)的研究。第一章概括了悲劇命運(yùn)中女人生存表象,主要根據(jù)方方作品中悲劇女性的年齡劃分為:少女的欲望與邪惡、少婦的貪婪與享樂(lè)、中年婦女的放縱與冷漠、老年婦女的可憐與可悲四個(gè)層次,集中展示了悲劇女性生存中的不同表現(xiàn)形式;第二章總結(jié)了悲劇命運(yùn)女人生存范式,從女性對(duì)男權(quán)意識(shí)的無(wú)奈、對(duì)人生家園的無(wú)力、對(duì)生命意義的無(wú)知和對(duì)父母親朋的無(wú)情四個(gè)方面,闡釋了悲劇中女性生存的特點(diǎn);第三章剖析了造成女性悲劇命運(yùn)的主客觀多重原因,從幻想與現(xiàn)實(shí)、婚姻與自由、叛逆與世俗和包容與自私這四對(duì)矛盾的沖突探討造成悲劇的緣由。結(jié)語(yǔ)對(duì)方方女性悲劇作品進(jìn)行總結(jié)性的評(píng)價(jià)。 方方小說(shuō)一方面有警世作用,現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中的女性在文化潮流中女性如何價(jià)值堅(jiān)守和避免悲劇的人生命運(yùn),使自己的生命更加有意義和有價(jià)值,另一方面在當(dāng)代小說(shuō)史中,方方以獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格和對(duì)人物“幾乎無(wú)事”的戲劇性表現(xiàn)成為新寫實(shí)小說(shuō)的一道“風(fēng)景”。
[Abstract]:Fang Fang is a famous female novel writer in contemporary literary world, and has been paid attention by many female readers and critics. Among female writers, Fang Fang is different. She is a woman writer who is good at thinking and expressing. She described and studied the tragic fate of women in many ways. Throughout Fang Fang's novels, we can find that the author has devoted more literary thoughts to the narration of women's real life and the joys and sorrows of women's life, and has been far away from the grand narration of traditional historical events. Fang Fang's "little people", they are often influenced by the powerful status quo of life, the normal pursuit of life and the desire to survive is always strangled by the fate of the impermanent, although these women out of human nature instinct, Human desires are striving for liberation in different ways, consciously resisting all kinds of temptations and oppression from outside or within themselves, and defending the dignity of women's lives, but they end up in cages. End in failure or tragedy. Through the writing of an individual woman's tragic story, Fang Fang presents a three-dimensional picture of the tragic fate of a woman, and through the exhibition of the collective destiny of a woman, he can see through the inevitable tragic fate of a woman under the suppression of patriarchal discourse. Can also perspective out the human spiritual world in reality under the oppression of nowhere to escape the outcome. This paper is composed of five parts, the introduction summarizes Fang Fang and his novel creation characteristics, as well as critics of the other side of the novel. The first chapter summarizes the appearance of women's existence in the tragic fate, mainly according to the age of the tragic women in Fang Fang's works: the desire and evil of girls, the greed and enjoyment of young women, the indulgence and indifference of middle-aged women. The four levels of pity and sadness of elderly women focus on the different forms of expression in the existence of tragic women. The second chapter summarizes the tragic fate of women's survival paradigm, from the helplessness of female consciousness of male power, to the powerlessness of the home of life, the second chapter summarizes the tragic fate of women's survival paradigm. The ignorance of the meaning of life and the ruthlessness of parents' relatives and friends explain the characteristics of women's survival in tragedy, the third chapter analyzes the subjective and objective causes of the fate of women's tragedy, from fantasy and reality, marriage and freedom. On the causes of tragedy caused by rebellion and secularism and tolerance and selfishness. The conclusion of the other side of the female tragedy works for a summary evaluation. Fang Fang's novels, on the one hand, serve as a warning to the world, and on the other hand, in the history of contemporary novels, how do women in real society hold on to and avoid the tragic fate of their lives, and make their lives more meaningful and valuable, on the other hand, in the history of contemporary novels, Fang Fang's unique style and dramatic expression of "almost nothing" become a landscape of new realistic novels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：I207.42

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