本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點：位置感知　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)集中了微機電系統(tǒng)、感知技術(shù)、嵌入式計算技術(shù)、信息處理技術(shù)和無線通信技術(shù),孕育出一種全新的信息獲取和處理模式。位置信息對于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)至關(guān)重要,只有知道了位置信息,傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)感知到的各種上下文信息才變得更有價值。本文針對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的位置感知這一研究熱點展開論述,具體內(nèi)容如下： 在分析總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點自身定位算法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種高精度節(jié)點自定位算法CoTOA。在集中式應(yīng)用環(huán)境中,基于時間到達(dá)測距技術(shù),運用約束最優(yōu)化方法,通過乘子法進行迭代計算,巧妙地將定位誤差逐漸降到最小,最終求得未知位置的節(jié)點的最優(yōu)坐標(biāo)。定位的計算過程由網(wǎng)關(guān)sink節(jié)點來執(zhí)行,傳感器節(jié)點不必承擔(dān)大量計算。此定位方法的架構(gòu)設(shè)計大大節(jié)約了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)普通感知節(jié)點的計算開銷。文中采用軟件仿真的方法對定位性能進行了分析,仿真結(jié)果顯示此定位算法可以獲得高精度的定位結(jié)果,并且此算法的能量消耗很少,符合無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計要求。 目前的路由研究熱點主要集中在保證信息傳送成功的情況下盡可能節(jié)約無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能量上面。本文從這一關(guān)鍵點入手,提出了一種應(yīng)用于集中式應(yīng)用環(huán)境下基于位置的能量有效路由算法SEGR。該算法假設(shè)傳感器節(jié)點位置已知,采用集中式無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由由網(wǎng)關(guān)sink節(jié)點來計算、更新并分發(fā)。網(wǎng)關(guān)sink根據(jù)節(jié)點的位置信息及剩余能量信息,利用Dijkstra算法計算出最佳路徑,然后將每個節(jié)點的最佳下一跳信息發(fā)給相應(yīng)節(jié)點,開始新一輪的數(shù)據(jù)傳送。該架構(gòu)將路由計算及發(fā)布的能量消耗盡可能地轉(zhuǎn)移到網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點sink上,很大程度上減輕了普通傳感器節(jié)點的計算負(fù)擔(dān)和通信負(fù)擔(dān)。從而達(dá)到節(jié)約傳感器節(jié)點的能量、延長整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期的目的。 就本文所重點關(guān)注的傳感器節(jié)點自身定位和路由協(xié)議來說,目前這兩個領(lǐng)域結(jié)合的成果非常少,單一技術(shù)的研究目的是為實現(xiàn)一個完整系統(tǒng)打基礎(chǔ)的。本文將無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點自定位和無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議兩項技術(shù)結(jié)合在一起,提出一個協(xié)同設(shè)計的模式,在設(shè)計初期就讓兩個技術(shù)采用一樣的模式、一樣的參數(shù)、一樣的規(guī)則等,尤其是在節(jié)點自定位和計算基于位置的路由階段去掉了中間的冗余環(huán)節(jié),為無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)約了不必要的能量消耗。隨后對協(xié)同設(shè)計的效果進行了軟件仿真分析。仿真結(jié)果證明,協(xié)同設(shè)計最終達(dá)到了節(jié)約能量、減少整合兩個系統(tǒng)的工作量、提高效率、進一步延長網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期的目的,協(xié)同設(shè)計的性能也完全可以滿足基本應(yīng)用的需求,為建立位置感知應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)打下良好基礎(chǔ)。 在當(dāng)今越來越普及的社交活動中,大們經(jīng)常要出席會議、參觀展覽等。往往很多地方是第一次去,如果當(dāng)?shù)氐姆⻊?wù)人員服務(wù)不周到的話,用戶需要花費大量精力才能找到準(zhǔn)確地點。如果系統(tǒng)能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測出用戶的下一時刻位置,那么根據(jù)當(dāng)時的上下文環(huán)境就可以為用戶主動提供導(dǎo)向等服務(wù)。本文利用無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)位置感知技術(shù),提出一種在室內(nèi)環(huán)境下的位置預(yù)測算法。該算法將大樓內(nèi)的房間及走廊等建筑拓?fù)溆成涑墒覂?nèi)地圖,在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用機器學(xué)習(xí)、分類等知識,將用戶的歷史上下文信息和當(dāng)前上下文信息作為回歸模型中的維進行求解,最后根據(jù)判別函數(shù)的結(jié)果預(yù)測用戶下一時刻的位置。之后文章舉例說明了該預(yù)測算法的應(yīng)用,并對模型的可擴展、可定制的靈活特性進行了分析。 本文以傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,將傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點自定位、基于自定位結(jié)果的路由策略、室內(nèi)目標(biāo)定位、目標(biāo)位置預(yù)測算法等各項關(guān)鍵技術(shù)協(xié)同起來,提出一個室內(nèi)位置預(yù)測的服務(wù)架構(gòu)。并以醫(yī)院為應(yīng)用環(huán)境,按傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點部署、節(jié)點自定位、基于位置的路由協(xié)議、用戶注冊、用戶服務(wù)和用戶退出這一整套流程,對該應(yīng)用模型做了詳細(xì)介紹。為實現(xiàn)室內(nèi)位置感知預(yù)測應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)提供強有力的技術(shù)支持和理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks focus on MEMS technology, sensing technology, embedded computing technology, information processing technology and wireless communication technology, creating a new pattern of information gathering and processing. The location information is critical for wireless sensor networks, only know the position information and context information in sensor network to become more valuable. The research focus of the location awareness in wireless sensor network are discussed, the specific contents are as follows:
Summarized based on the analysis of the existing wireless sensor network nodes self localization algorithm, put forward a kind of high precision CoTOA. node self localization algorithm in centralized application environment, arrival time based on the ranging technology, by using the constrained optimization method for iterative calculation by multiplier method, cleverly positioning error gradually reduced to a minimum. The optimal coordinate position of the unknown node can be obtained. The calculation process is carried out by the positioning of the sink gateway node, sensor nodes do not need to undertake a large number of calculation. This architecture design positioning method greatly reduces the computational overhead of wireless sensor networks nodes. Common software simulation method used in this paper to analyze the localization performance, simulation the results show that this algorithm can obtain higher localization accuracy, and the algorithm of the energy consumption of small, with wireless sensor network design to Pray.
Routing the present researches mainly focus on ensuring that information transfer the case of success as much as possible to save energy of wireless sensor network. This paper from the above this critical point, the paper presents a design of centralized application environment based on SEGR. energy efficient routing algorithm based on the assumption that the position of the sensor node position is known, the centralized wireless sensor network the whole network architecture, routing is calculated by sink gateway node, update and distribution. According to the sink gateway node location information and residual energy information, using Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the optimal path, each node of the best next hop information to the corresponding node and then start a new round of data transmission. The architecture will be calculated and release the routing energy consumption as much as possible to transfer to the gateway node sink, greatly reducing the calculation of ordinary sensor node negative Burdens and communication burdens to save the energy of sensor nodes and prolong the entire life cycle of the network.
This paper focuses on the sensor node localization and routing protocol, the combination of the outcomes of these two areas are very small, single purpose technology is to lay the foundation for the realization of a complete system. The wireless sensor network node self localization and wireless sensor network routing protocol two technologies together and put forward a collaborative design model, at the beginning of the design to two by the same pattern, the same parameters, the same rules, especially in the node self localization and route calculation stage based on the location of removing the redundancy link, for wireless sensor networks to save unnecessary energy consumption. Then the simulation analysis on the effect of collaborative design. The simulation results prove that the collaborative design eventually save energy, reduce the workload of the integration of the two systems, improve the efficiency in The purpose of extending the network life cycle is one step. The performance of collaborative design can also meet the needs of basic applications, and lay a good foundation for the establishment of location aware application system.
In today's increasingly popular social activities, people often have to attend the meeting to visit the exhibition. Many places are often the first to go, if not good local service personnel service, users need to spend a lot of effort to find the exact place. If the system can accurately predict the user's next time, then according to the context that can provide guidance for the user initiative service. This paper uses the sensing technology of wireless sensor network location, a location in the indoor environment prediction algorithm. This algorithm will be in the building room and corridor building topological mapping into indoor map, on this basis, the use of machine learning, classification etc. the history of knowledge, the user context information and the context information as a regression model in dimension calculation, according to the results of the discriminant function to predict the user next time The article illustrates the application of the prediction algorithm, and analyzes the extensible and customizable flexibility of the model.
This paper based on sensor network facilities, the sensor network node self localization, routing strategy based on the results of indoor positioning, target location, key technology of target position prediction algorithm and other synergies, put forward a prediction of indoor location services architecture. And in the hospital environment for the application, according to the sensor network node deployment node location, location based routing protocol, user registration, user service and users out of the whole process, the application of the model in detail. In order to realize the prediction of indoor location aware to provide strong technical support and theoretical guidance for the application system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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