發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-25 10:09

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 荒漠化 庫(kù)布齊沙漠 沙漠旅游規(guī)劃 沙產(chǎn)業(yè)　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）》2010年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 荒漠化是當(dāng)今人類(lèi)社會(huì)共同面臨的一個(gè)重大環(huán)境問(wèn)題。庫(kù)布齊沙漠地區(qū)歷史上曾經(jīng)是森林茂密,草原肥美之地,由于戰(zhàn)亂和濫砍、濫墾、濫牧,原始植被遭到破壞,造成當(dāng)?shù)鼗哪找鎳?yán)重。日益擴(kuò)大的荒漠化問(wèn)題是制約區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主要生態(tài)問(wèn)題,也是造成環(huán)境惡化、農(nóng)牧民生活貧困的重要原因。雖然國(guó)家十分重視這一地區(qū)的荒漠化防治工作,經(jīng)過(guò)多年不懈的努力,取得了一定的成果,但由于人口過(guò)多,牲畜超載,管理不力等原因,荒漠化問(wèn)題依舊嚴(yán)峻。庫(kù)布齊沙漠地區(qū)是生態(tài)脆弱區(qū),也是經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)區(qū)域和少數(shù)民族分布區(qū),該區(qū)域能否得到很好發(fā)展,不但關(guān)系到農(nóng)民的脫貧致富,更關(guān)系到區(qū)域環(huán)境改善、民族團(tuán)結(jié)和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。認(rèn)真調(diào)查研究本區(qū)荒漠化分布現(xiàn)狀和動(dòng)態(tài)變化趨勢(shì),對(duì)于荒漠化治理,具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以庫(kù)布齊沙漠地區(qū)荒漠化研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)調(diào)查研究區(qū)荒漠化現(xiàn)狀及其演變機(jī)制和分析總結(jié)庫(kù)布齊沙漠地區(qū)荒漠化治理途徑及其存在的問(wèn)題,結(jié)果表明庫(kù)布齊沙漠地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱、環(huán)境容量小,頻繁的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)干擾,加速了沙漠生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的退化。為了從根本上治理治理荒漠問(wèn)題、鞏固治理成果,除了一般的工程、生物措施外,還需要消除不合理人類(lèi)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的根源,維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)與人文環(huán)境的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡,沙漠旅游作為一種可持續(xù)發(fā)展的途徑,對(duì)于研究區(qū)的荒漠化治理具有積極的意義。取得的主要研究結(jié)果如下: (1)在對(duì)研究區(qū)地質(zhì)、地貌、土壤、氣候、水文、植被資料的收集、整理、分析基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)為庫(kù)布齊沙漠地區(qū)的地質(zhì)地貌條件、土壤類(lèi)型、氣候狀況、水文條件決定了其生態(tài)環(huán)境的脆弱性,極易發(fā)生荒漠化。通過(guò)對(duì)最近18年來(lái)研究區(qū)的十個(gè)時(shí)相的TM影像數(shù)據(jù)的解譯,得到了研究區(qū)不同時(shí)段的荒漠化等級(jí)分布圖。從荒漠化面積變化、荒漠化發(fā)展速率、荒漠化轉(zhuǎn)移特征、荒漠化等級(jí)的空間變化等方面分析了研究區(qū)荒漠化的動(dòng)態(tài)變化。結(jié)果表明從1989年以來(lái)荒漠化總面積減少的趨勢(shì)很明顯,荒漠化防治成效顯著,2002年達(dá)到最低值(77.89%)后,在研究區(qū)自然條件未發(fā)生較大變化的情況下,荒漠化出現(xiàn)了反復(fù)現(xiàn)象,2007年荒漠化面積再次上升到83.72%。通過(guò)對(duì)荒漠化等級(jí)的空間變化分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)黃河沿岸大部分地區(qū)荒漠化趨勢(shì)得到了逆轉(zhuǎn),而研究區(qū)南部沙漠腹地、人口密度較大的東南部以及海子周邊荒漠化程度有所增大,人類(lèi)不合理的經(jīng)營(yíng)行為,使得一些已經(jīng)得到治理的荒漠化土地重新退化為荒漠化土地。 (2)通過(guò)分析研究區(qū)的治沙產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及其存在的問(wèn)題,探索了以發(fā)展旅游業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)治理荒漠的治沙產(chǎn)業(yè)模式,認(rèn)為發(fā)展旅游業(yè)可以促進(jìn)研究區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),解決當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窬蜆I(yè)生存等方面的困難,為荒漠化治理提供資金,維持荒漠化治理成果,從而促進(jìn)生態(tài)建設(shè),以生態(tài)建設(shè)帶動(dòng)旅游業(yè),通過(guò)對(duì)荒漠區(qū)旅游資源的限制性開(kāi)發(fā),讓沙漠、濕地旅游成為保護(hù)自然環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新式治沙的雙贏產(chǎn)業(yè),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 (3)依據(jù)景觀生態(tài)學(xué)理論、美學(xué)理論、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論和可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論對(duì)研究區(qū)沙漠生態(tài)旅游資源優(yōu)勢(shì)和發(fā)展前景進(jìn)行了分析評(píng)價(jià)。在系統(tǒng)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了研究區(qū)旅游規(guī)劃空間數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),運(yùn)用層次分析法,對(duì)庫(kù)布奇沙漠地區(qū)的七星湖景區(qū)進(jìn)行了旅游資源的評(píng)價(jià)。采用SWOT分析法對(duì)旅游區(qū)的區(qū)域旅游業(yè)資源優(yōu)勢(shì)、區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)、旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)、開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)條件進(jìn)行了綜合分析和評(píng)價(jià);借助GIS的空間分析和網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析工具,采用空間距離遞減規(guī)律、旅游競(jìng)爭(zhēng)態(tài)和引力模型,對(duì)景區(qū)的客源市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了等級(jí)劃分,進(jìn)而結(jié)合統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,對(duì)客源市場(chǎng)的分布和規(guī)模進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)。 (4)在上述分析評(píng)價(jià)基礎(chǔ)上,將公園定位為世界一流的沙漠會(huì)展度假目的地與體育競(jìng)技勝地,以及世界級(jí)的沙漠綜合治理數(shù)字化示范園區(qū)。再結(jié)合景區(qū)的地形狀況、旅游資源分布特點(diǎn)、交通區(qū)位、目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)等因素,綜合考慮景區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略開(kāi)發(fā)模式,對(duì)景區(qū)進(jìn)行空間格局區(qū)劃后,又對(duì)不同發(fā)展定位的區(qū)域進(jìn)行了分區(qū)規(guī)劃和重點(diǎn)支撐項(xiàng)目的概念性規(guī)劃研究,最后提出了實(shí)現(xiàn)景區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的監(jiān)控措施。
[Abstract]:Desertification is a serious environmental problem in the human society. The Kubuqi Desert in history was the dense forest and grassland. Because of the war and denudation, estrepement, overgrazing, the original vegetation is destroyed, resulting in severe desertification. Growing desertification is the main ecological problems restricting regional the economic development, but also caused the deterioration of the environment, an important reason for farmers and herdsmen living in poverty. Although the country attaches great importance to the prevention and control of desertification in the region, after years of unremitting efforts, has made some achievements, but because of overpopulation, livestock overloading, poor management and other reasons, the desertification problem is still grim. The desert area is ecologically fragile areas, but also economically underdeveloped areas and ethnic distribution area, the area can get a very good development, not only in relation to the farmers out of poverty, but also To improve the regional environment, ethnic unity and social stability. To study the distribution of desertification status and dynamic trend for desertification control has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the research object of Kubuqi Desert desertification area, through the investigation and Research on current situation of desert and its evolution mechanism and analysis of Kubuqi Desert area control of desertification and its problems, the results showed that the ecological fragile area in Kubuqi Desert, small environmental capacity, frequent human disturbance, accelerated the degradation of desert ecosystem. As the desert governance problem fundamentally, consolidate the results of governance, in addition to the general engineering and biological measures, also need not eliminate root causes rational human activities, maintain the dynamic balance of ecological system and human environment, desert tourism as a sustainable development path for the research. The desertification control in the study area is of positive significance. The main results obtained are as follows:
(1) in the study area geology, geomorphology, soil, climate, hydrology, vegetation data collection, collation, analysis, that the geological and geomorphological conditions, Kubuqi Desert Area Soil type, climatic conditions, hydrological conditions determine the vulnerability of its ecological environment, vulnerable to desertification. The last 18 ten years of the study area TM by image data interpretation, the desertification grade distribution in different periods of the study area. The area changes from the desert, desertification rate, desertification transfer characteristics, desertification level change and other aspects of the study on the dynamic change of Desertification since 1989. The results show that the total desertification area decreased obviously, desertification control effect, 2002 reached its lowest value (77.89%), under natural conditions in the study area did not change under the condition of desertification phenomenon appeared repeatedly, In 2007, the desertification area up to 83.72%. through the spatial changes of desertification grade analysis, found the desertification trend in most areas along the coast of the Yellow River has been reversed, and the study of the southern region of the desert hinterland, the high population density in the southeast and the surrounding Haizi desertification degree increased, the unreasonable human activities, some have been made land desertification of the land for re degraded desert.
(2) the situation of sand industry analysis of the study area and the existing problems, explore the development of tourism development in the desert sand industry model, that the development of the tourism industry can promote the study area industrial structure optimization, creating new employment opportunities, solve local residents industry survival difficulties, to provide funding for Desertification governance, maintain control of desertification results, so as to promote ecological construction, promote tourism in ecological construction, through the development of tourism resources, restrictions on the desert area to the desert, wetland tourism has become the new sand to protect the natural environment and economic development win-win industry, so as to realize the sustainable development of the regional economy.
(3) on the basis of landscape ecology theory, aesthetic theory, ecological economics theory and the theory of sustainable development of ecological tourism resources in the study area desert advantages and development prospects are analyzed. On the basis of systematic investigation and study, establish the space tourism planning research area database, using the analytic hierarchy process, the evaluation of tourism resources in the library of Kubuqi Desert Seven Star Lake scenic area. By SWOT analysis of the tourism area of regional tourism resources, geographical advantages, the development of the tourism industry opportunities and challenges, the development and construction conditions of the comprehensive analysis and evaluation; with the help of GIS spatial analysis and network analysis tools, using the law of diminishing spatial distance, tourism competition and gravity model and the tourist market was classified, and then combined with the statistical data, the distribution and scale of tourist market is predicted.
(4) based on the above analysis and evaluation, the park is positioned as a world-class desert exhibition and athletic resorts, as well as a world-class comprehensive digital desert demonstration park. Combined with the scenic terrain, resources distribution, tourism traffic location, target market and other factors, considering the park's strategic development model, the spatial pattern of regionalization on the scenic spots, and studied the conceptual planning and zoning and key projects for different regions, and finally put forward the control measures to achieve the sustainable development of the scenic area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P931.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 劉韻鳳;李金霞;包玉海;;鄂爾多斯高原西部土地荒漠化動(dòng)態(tài)分析——以鄂托克旗為例[J];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2011年04期

2 高敏;牛建明;張慶;康薩如拉;馬文靜;白高娃;;基于綠色GDP核算的鄂爾多斯市可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究[J];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2013年05期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 劉彥;板倉(cāng)紅色旅游區(qū)未來(lái)發(fā)展與土地利用研究[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

2 劉俊新;基于目標(biāo)MOTAD-CLUE-S模型的多目標(biāo)土地利用變化模型構(gòu)建及模擬研究[D];西北大學(xué);2012年

3 盧霞;荒漠戈壁區(qū)光伏電站建設(shè)的環(huán)境效應(yīng)分析[D];蘭州大學(xué);2013年

4 希吉日;沙漠旅游及其對(duì)我國(guó)沙漠旅游開(kāi)發(fā)的探索[D];內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1533992