本文關(guān)鍵詞： 突發(fā)事件 應(yīng)急救援 公交調(diào)度 大型場館　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來，各類突發(fā)事件頻繁發(fā)生，特別是在人群密集的大型場館，時(shí)刻威脅著人們的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展以及國際影響力的提升，更多的大型活動(dòng)和大型賽事落戶中國，，對(duì)我國大型場館的安全問題提出了新的要求。利用公交系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)急疏散方案，是解決我國的大型場館應(yīng)急疏散問題最行之有效的方法之一。當(dāng)大型場館發(fā)生突發(fā)事件時(shí)，如何通過合理的選擇和調(diào)度公交車資源，從而縮短公交車前往場館救援的時(shí)間，為整體疏散爭取寶貴的時(shí)間，是當(dāng)前的城市公交應(yīng)急管理所面臨的重要問題。本文針對(duì)大型場館發(fā)生突發(fā)事件,對(duì)考慮營運(yùn)公交車輛情況下的公交應(yīng)急救援調(diào)度進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化研究。 首先，通過對(duì)以往的公交應(yīng)急調(diào)度方法的研究，指出了救援公交車資源不足以及駐車點(diǎn)距離場館較遠(yuǎn)是影響應(yīng)以往公交急救援效率的主要因素。本文提出將營運(yùn)公交車輛引入救援公交車輛的選擇范圍，可以有效解決上述兩個(gè)問題。 其次，本文對(duì)考慮營運(yùn)公交車輛的大型場館公交應(yīng)急調(diào)度問題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述，介紹了應(yīng)急救援調(diào)度過程中救援公交車輛的信息獲取和選擇方法。同時(shí)，對(duì)考慮營運(yùn)公交車輛的大型場館公交應(yīng)急調(diào)度的影響因素進(jìn)行了分析，指出待疏散人員行為、救援公交車性能、最小行程距離以及營運(yùn)公交車狀態(tài)是公交應(yīng)急救援調(diào)度的主要影響因素。 然后，利用拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)本文所研究的問題進(jìn)行抽象描述，分別建立了僅考慮駐車點(diǎn)、僅考慮營運(yùn)公交車輛以及綜合考慮駐車點(diǎn)和營運(yùn)公交車輛的大型場館公交應(yīng)急救援調(diào)度的數(shù)學(xué)模型。此外，通過對(duì)調(diào)度模型的改進(jìn)，本文設(shè)計(jì)了考慮營運(yùn)公交車輛的公交應(yīng)急救援調(diào)度模型的有效求解算法。 最后，結(jié)合哈爾濱市國際會(huì)展體育中心給出仿真案例，通過Lingo軟件對(duì)本文中的算例進(jìn)行了求解，驗(yàn)證了的算法可行性。通過對(duì)僅考慮駐車點(diǎn)公交車輛、僅考慮營運(yùn)公交車輛、以及綜合考慮營運(yùn)公交車輛和駐車點(diǎn)內(nèi)公交車輛的大型場館公交應(yīng)急救援調(diào)度模型計(jì)算結(jié)果的對(duì)比分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)綜合考慮營運(yùn)公交車和駐車點(diǎn)內(nèi)公交車輛充當(dāng)臨時(shí)救援公交車輛，能夠有效縮短救援清空時(shí)間，更快的滿足救援需求，緩解救援點(diǎn)內(nèi)待疏散人員擁擠情況，提高應(yīng)急疏散的整體效率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a variety of emergencies occur frequently, especially in the crowded large venues, which always threaten the safety of people's lives and property. With the development of our economy and the promotion of international influence. More large-scale events and events have settled in China, which has put forward new requirements for the safety of large stadiums and gymnasiums in China. The emergency evacuation scheme of public transport system is used. It is one of the most effective methods to solve the problem of emergency evacuation of large gymnasiums in China. In order to shorten the time of bus rescue to the stadiums and save precious time for the whole evacuation, it is an important problem that the city bus emergency management faces. In this paper, the optimization of bus emergency rescue dispatch considering the operation of public transport vehicles is studied. First of all, through the previous bus emergency dispatch method research. It is pointed out that the shortage of the rescue bus resources and the distance between the parking points and the stadiums are the main factors that affect the efficiency of emergency rescue of public transport in the past. These two problems can be solved effectively. Secondly, this paper gives a detailed description of the bus emergency scheduling problem of large stadiums and stadiums considering the operation of public transport vehicles, and introduces the information acquisition and selection methods of public transport rescue vehicles in the process of emergency rescue and dispatch. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of bus emergency dispatch in large stadiums and gymnasiums, and points out the behavior of evacuees and the performance of rescue buses. The minimum travel distance and the operating bus condition are the main influencing factors of bus emergency rescue dispatch. Then, the problems studied in this paper are described abstractly by topological structure, and only parking points are established. The mathematical model of bus emergency rescue and rescue in large stadiums and stadiums considering only the operation of public transport vehicles and the comprehensive consideration of parking points and operating buses. In addition, the improvement of the dispatching model is made. In this paper, an effective solution algorithm for public transport emergency rescue scheduling model considering the operation of public transport vehicles is designed. Finally, combined with Harbin International Conference and Exhibition Sports Center to give a simulation case, through the Lingo software to solve the case in this paper. Verify the feasibility of the algorithm. Only consider the parking point of bus vehicles, only consider the operation of public transport vehicles. And the comparative analysis of the calculation results of the bus emergency dispatch model of large stadiums considering the operation of public transport vehicles and the bus vehicles in the parking points. It is found that the comprehensive consideration of the operation of the bus and the bus in the parking point as temporary relief bus can effectively shorten the time of rescue emptying, meet the rescue needs more quickly, and alleviate the crowded situation of evacuees in the rescue site. Improve the overall efficiency of emergency evacuation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：U492.22

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