考慮風(fēng)險偏好的二級供應(yīng)鏈庫存策略研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-21 14:34
【摘要】：在供應(yīng)鏈管理中,庫存管理一直占據(jù)重要地位,盡管出現(xiàn)了一些新的庫存管理方式(如零庫存、虛擬庫存等)大大縮減了庫存量,但考慮到供應(yīng)風(fēng)險,為了防止供應(yīng)鏈中斷,保留適當(dāng)數(shù)量的庫存以應(yīng)對供應(yīng)鏈風(fēng)險越來越受到的重視。 對庫存問題的研究由來已久,在信息化突飛猛進(jìn)的今天,越來越多的產(chǎn)品成為易逝品,從而應(yīng)用報童模型解決庫存問題,受到學(xué)術(shù)界的青睞。從理論研究到實驗研究,有關(guān)報童模型的應(yīng)用和改進(jìn),文獻(xiàn)資料十分豐富。在不斷的改進(jìn)和創(chuàng)新中,不斷有人發(fā)現(xiàn)報童模型的理論研究和實際應(yīng)用有很大出入,并發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)的報童模型中關(guān)于報童是理性人的假設(shè)與現(xiàn)實不符,為縮小理論研究與應(yīng)用的差距提供了方向。 影響報童訂貨決策的因素是多方面的,如后悔心理、風(fēng)險偏好、過度自信、生活經(jīng)歷等等,本文將著重分析風(fēng)險偏好對報童訂貨決策的影響,首先改進(jìn)報童風(fēng)險偏好度的衡量方法,用動態(tài)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分風(fēng)險偏好,可以反映在不同情況下,報童風(fēng)險偏好逆轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)象。其次,將生產(chǎn)商承擔(dān)庫存風(fēng)險和零售商承擔(dān)庫存風(fēng)險的情況進(jìn)行對比分析,這對于企業(yè)管理者選擇零售商管理庫存(RMI)還是生產(chǎn)商管理庫存(VMI)具有很大的參考價值。再次,針對零售商或生產(chǎn)商單獨承擔(dān)庫存風(fēng)險不能實現(xiàn)供應(yīng)鏈最優(yōu)的情況,引入回購契約,使得雙方共擔(dān)庫存風(fēng)險,發(fā)現(xiàn)回購契約在一定范圍內(nèi),可以提高供應(yīng)鏈中各主體的期望收益及供應(yīng)鏈整體期望收益。超過該范圍,回購契約不能實現(xiàn)各決策主體期望收益的帕累托改進(jìn),即決策主體沒有動力選擇回購契約。此時,可以根據(jù)零售商管理庫存和生產(chǎn)商管理庫存的適用范圍加以選擇,以提高供應(yīng)鏈效率。最后,將研究推廣到零售價格與需求相關(guān)的背景下,把需求分為與價格相關(guān)的需求和隨機(jī)需求兩部分,分別分析加型需求和乘積型需求下,風(fēng)險偏好對決策者的訂貨和定價行為有何影響,并分析其最有的庫存策略。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),乘積型需求下,零售商的最優(yōu)定價與風(fēng)險偏好度呈反比,訂貨量與風(fēng)險偏好度呈正比,回購契約難以滿足供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)調(diào)的條件。加型需求下,在一定范圍內(nèi),零售商的最優(yōu)定價與風(fēng)險偏好度呈反比。通過算例證明,加型需求下,回購契約的應(yīng)用范圍較廣,可以實現(xiàn)決策主體期望收益的帕累托改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:Inventory management has always played an important role in supply chain management, although some new methods of inventory management (such as zero inventory, virtual inventory, etc.) have greatly reduced inventory levels, but in view of supply risks, in order to prevent supply chain disruptions, Keep an appropriate quantity of inventory to cope with the increasing importance of supply chain risk. The inventory problem has been studied for a long time. With the rapid development of information technology, more and more products have become perishable products. Therefore, the newsboy model is used to solve the inventory problem, which is favored by the academic circles. From theoretical research to experimental research, there are plenty of literature about the application and improvement of newsboy model. In the process of continuous improvement and innovation, some people find that there is a great difference between the theoretical research and the practical application of the newsboy model, and find that the assumption that the newsboy is a rational person in the traditional newsboy model is not consistent with the reality. It provides a direction for narrowing the gap between theoretical research and application. There are many factors influencing newsboy's ordering decision, such as regret psychology, risk preference, overconfidence, life experience and so on. This paper will focus on analyzing the influence of risk preference on newsboy's ordering decision. Firstly, the risk preference of newsboy is improved, and the risk preference is divided by dynamic criterion, which can reflect the reversal of newsboy's risk preference under different circumstances. Secondly, comparing the inventory risk between the manufacturer and the retailer, it has great reference value for the enterprise manager to choose the retailer managed inventory (RMI) or the producer managed inventory (VMI). Thirdly, aiming at the situation that the retailer or producer can not realize the optimal supply chain by taking inventory risk alone, the repurchase contract is introduced to make both parties share the inventory risk, and it is found that the repurchase contract is within a certain range. It can improve the expected income of each main body in the supply chain and the expected income of the supply chain as a whole. Beyond this range, the repo contract can not achieve the Pareto improvement of the expected income of each decision-making body, that is, the decision-making subject has no incentive to choose the repurchase contract. At this point, it can be selected according to the applicable scope of retailer managed inventory and producer managed inventory, in order to improve the efficiency of supply chain. Finally, the research is extended to the background of retail price and demand, and the demand is divided into two parts: price-related demand and random demand, and the additive demand and multiplicative demand are analyzed respectively. What is the impact of risk preference on the ordering and pricing behavior of decision makers, and the analysis of their best inventory strategy. It is found that under product demand, the optimal pricing of retailers is inversely proportional to the degree of risk preference, the order quantity is proportional to the degree of risk preference, and the repurchase contract is difficult to meet the conditions of supply chain coordination. Under additive demand, the optimal pricing of retailers is inversely proportional to the degree of risk preference within a certain range. It is proved by an example that under the additive demand, the repurchase contract can be widely used, and the Pareto improvement of the expected income of the decision-making body can be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F274;F224
本文編號：2462294
[Abstract]:Inventory management has always played an important role in supply chain management, although some new methods of inventory management (such as zero inventory, virtual inventory, etc.) have greatly reduced inventory levels, but in view of supply risks, in order to prevent supply chain disruptions, Keep an appropriate quantity of inventory to cope with the increasing importance of supply chain risk. The inventory problem has been studied for a long time. With the rapid development of information technology, more and more products have become perishable products. Therefore, the newsboy model is used to solve the inventory problem, which is favored by the academic circles. From theoretical research to experimental research, there are plenty of literature about the application and improvement of newsboy model. In the process of continuous improvement and innovation, some people find that there is a great difference between the theoretical research and the practical application of the newsboy model, and find that the assumption that the newsboy is a rational person in the traditional newsboy model is not consistent with the reality. It provides a direction for narrowing the gap between theoretical research and application. There are many factors influencing newsboy's ordering decision, such as regret psychology, risk preference, overconfidence, life experience and so on. This paper will focus on analyzing the influence of risk preference on newsboy's ordering decision. Firstly, the risk preference of newsboy is improved, and the risk preference is divided by dynamic criterion, which can reflect the reversal of newsboy's risk preference under different circumstances. Secondly, comparing the inventory risk between the manufacturer and the retailer, it has great reference value for the enterprise manager to choose the retailer managed inventory (RMI) or the producer managed inventory (VMI). Thirdly, aiming at the situation that the retailer or producer can not realize the optimal supply chain by taking inventory risk alone, the repurchase contract is introduced to make both parties share the inventory risk, and it is found that the repurchase contract is within a certain range. It can improve the expected income of each main body in the supply chain and the expected income of the supply chain as a whole. Beyond this range, the repo contract can not achieve the Pareto improvement of the expected income of each decision-making body, that is, the decision-making subject has no incentive to choose the repurchase contract. At this point, it can be selected according to the applicable scope of retailer managed inventory and producer managed inventory, in order to improve the efficiency of supply chain. Finally, the research is extended to the background of retail price and demand, and the demand is divided into two parts: price-related demand and random demand, and the additive demand and multiplicative demand are analyzed respectively. What is the impact of risk preference on the ordering and pricing behavior of decision makers, and the analysis of their best inventory strategy. It is found that under product demand, the optimal pricing of retailers is inversely proportional to the degree of risk preference, the order quantity is proportional to the degree of risk preference, and the repurchase contract is difficult to meet the conditions of supply chain coordination. Under additive demand, the optimal pricing of retailers is inversely proportional to the degree of risk preference within a certain range. It is proved by an example that under the additive demand, the repurchase contract can be widely used, and the Pareto improvement of the expected income of the decision-making body can be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F274;F224
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