【摘要】：隨著消費者需求的日益多樣化以及不斷提升的汽車生產(chǎn)技術(shù),汽車整車企業(yè)正面對著一個迅速增長而又復雜多變的消費者市場,高效率、低成本的大規(guī)模定制必然會是汽車整車企業(yè)的未來道路。汽車整車企業(yè)欲想實現(xiàn)大規(guī)模定制則要求其在供應鏈的采購管理上進行深入地挖掘。眾多研究以及事實表明,汽車整車企業(yè)的供應鏈體系當中,采購成本占據(jù)較大的比例。因此,在大規(guī)模定制的環(huán)境下,汽車整車企業(yè)如何對采購決策中供應商的篩選與評價以及汽配零部件采購批量的確定對于企業(yè)自身提高競爭能力,降低企業(yè)成本,獲取更多的利潤具有重要的意義。 本文深入探討了各國眾多學者對大規(guī)模定制、供應鏈管理、采購管理以及供應鏈管理理論與采購模型的研究,然后分析了汽車整車企業(yè)的采購特點,總結(jié)出實現(xiàn)大規(guī)模定制環(huán)境下采購需要解決如何以低成本實現(xiàn)準時化采購,并提出了解決的關(guān)鍵策略：一是汽車整車企業(yè)實現(xiàn)大規(guī)模定制必須與供應商建立戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系,二是合理確定汽配零部件的采購批量,以降低采購成本。然后針對汽車整車企業(yè)與供應商之間所建立的戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系時所必須考慮的因素指標,利用歸“1”(將數(shù)值換算為0.01～1之間進行分析比較)的思想提出了大規(guī)模定制環(huán)境下汽車整車企業(yè)對供應商選擇評價模型。針對合理確定汽配零部件的采購批量,利用數(shù)學建模的思想將采購批量的確定分成兩大部分：一部分是預測性的汽配零部件的采購,針對此項結(jié)合汽車大規(guī)模定制的特點對經(jīng)濟訂貨批量模型進行優(yōu)化,在建模時納入了連續(xù)供應和使用的情況；另一部分是實現(xiàn)JIT采購,由于與供應商的戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系,將供應商的成本納入其中并考慮了汽車整車企業(yè)的柔性損失成本。然后利用多目標決策分析中的線性加權(quán)和法(中-法)對兩大部分的模型進行優(yōu)化整合,并對整合后的大規(guī)模定制環(huán)境下的采購模型進行模擬算例分析,證明優(yōu)化后的模型相比前兩種模型可以有效地降低企業(yè)的采購成本。 本文研究表明優(yōu)化后的采購模型(包括供應商選擇評價模型以及采購批量模型)有助于降低企業(yè)的采購成本,并能有效地幫助汽車整車企業(yè)大規(guī)模定制化的早日實現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing diversification of consumer demand and the continuous upgrading of automotive production technology, automotive enterprises are facing a rapidly growing and complex and changeable consumer market, with high efficiency. Low-cost mass customization is bound to be the future road of automobile enterprises. In order to realize mass customization, automobile enterprises need to dig deeply into the purchasing management of supply chain. Many researches and facts show that the purchasing cost occupies a large proportion in the supply chain system of automobile enterprises. Therefore, in the environment of mass customization, how to select and evaluate the suppliers in the purchasing decision and how to determine the purchase batch of auto parts can improve the competition ability and reduce the cost of the whole automobile enterprise. It is important to gain more profits. This paper deeply discusses the research on mass customization, supply chain management, procurement management, supply chain management theory and procurement model, and then analyzes the purchasing characteristics of automobile enterprises. It is concluded that how to realize the punctual procurement at low cost under the circumstance of mass customization, and the key strategies are put forward: first, the strategic partnership must be established with suppliers to realize mass customization in automobile enterprises. The second is to reasonably determine the purchase volume of auto parts in order to reduce the purchase cost. Then aiming at the factors that must be taken into account in the strategic partnership between automobile enterprises and suppliers, Based on the idea of "1" (analysis and comparison between 0. 01 and 1), this paper presents an evaluation model of supplier selection for automobile enterprises in mass customization environment. In order to determine the purchase batch of auto parts reasonably, the determination of purchase batch is divided into two parts by mathematical modeling: one part is predictive purchase of auto parts, According to the characteristics of automobile mass customization, the economic order batch model is optimized, and the continuous supply and use are included in the model. The other part is the realization of JIT procurement, because of the strategic partnership with suppliers, the cost of suppliers is included and the cost of flexible loss of automobile enterprises is considered. Then the linear weighted sum method of multi-objective decision analysis is used to optimize and integrate the two parts of the model, and the procurement model under the integrated mass customization environment is analyzed by a simulation example. It is proved that the optimized model can effectively reduce the purchasing cost compared with the former two models. This paper shows that the optimized purchasing model (including supplier selection evaluation model and purchase batch model) is helpful to reduce the purchasing cost of the enterprise and can effectively help the automobile enterprise to realize the large-scale customization as soon as possible.
【學位授予單位】：重慶工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.471;F274

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