發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-12 21:25

【摘要】：2014年3月,我國(guó)召開了第十二次全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)二次會(huì)議,會(huì)議明確指出我國(guó)2014年的工作重點(diǎn)是深化金融改革,政府工作報(bào)告中重點(diǎn)提及加快信用體系建設(shè)、進(jìn)一步加大小微企業(yè)稅收優(yōu)惠政策、促進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融發(fā)展等一系列的改革目標(biāo)。我國(guó)信用體系不健全是長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直存在的問題。改革開放初期,由人民銀行牽頭,我國(guó)很早就成立了信用評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu),但是從90年代的亂象叢生,到2006年“福禧短融”事件,信用評(píng)級(jí)行業(yè)在我國(guó)發(fā)展十分坎坷,而且時(shí)至今日,我國(guó)也沒有出臺(tái)任何一部有關(guān)信用評(píng)級(jí)的獨(dú)立法律。1998年,我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行進(jìn)行了內(nèi)部評(píng)級(jí)制度的改革,廢棄了“一逾兩呆”的分類制度,全面推行貸款五級(jí)分類法,促進(jìn)了我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部評(píng)級(jí)的發(fā)展。但是,放眼全球,從20世紀(jì)80年代開始使用Logit模型到1997年亞洲金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)后的KMV模型,國(guó)際商業(yè)銀行早就利用統(tǒng)計(jì)模型進(jìn)行內(nèi)部評(píng)級(jí)。通過對(duì)比,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部評(píng)級(jí)制度的發(fā)展才剛剛起步。受到信息不對(duì)稱,財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)不健全等因素的影響,我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行對(duì)小微企業(yè)的信貸審批一直十分的謹(jǐn)慎。近年來(lái),由于外部評(píng)級(jí)和內(nèi)部評(píng)級(jí)發(fā)展緩慢,小微企業(yè)融資難的問題凸顯。為了解決就業(yè)和消費(fèi)兩大難題,國(guó)家出臺(tái)政策扶植小微企業(yè),許多商業(yè)銀行也放寬了對(duì)小微企業(yè)的貸款限制,不過商業(yè)銀行對(duì)小微企業(yè)信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的管控手段還不成熟,銀行依然存在巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口。2013年,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展時(shí)期,以阿里巴巴和京東商城為代表的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)不僅在電子商務(wù)領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)卓越,而且開始涉足金融行業(yè),并且有效地解決了其平臺(tái)上小微企業(yè)的貸款需求。本文旨在分析阿里巴巴等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融企業(yè)對(duì)小微企業(yè)信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的控制模式,從供應(yīng)鏈與持續(xù)觀察企業(yè)資金流量的角度探求我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行對(duì)小微企業(yè)信用控制的方式方法。
[Abstract]:In March 2014, China convened the second session of the Twelfth National people's Congress. The meeting clearly pointed out that the focus of our work in 2014 was to deepen financial reform, and the government work report focused on speeding up the construction of the credit system. Further increase small and micro-enterprise tax preferential policies, promote the development of Internet finance and a series of reform objectives. The unsound credit system of our country has been a problem for a long time. In the early stage of reform and opening up, the people's Bank of China led the establishment of credit rating agencies early in China. However, from the chaos of the 1990s to the "Fuxi short melt" incident in 2006, the development of the credit rating industry in China has been very bumpy, and it is now and now. China has not issued any independent laws on credit rating. In 1998, the commercial banks of our country carried out the reform of the internal rating system, abandoned the classification system of "one more than two morons", and comprehensively implemented the five-level classification of loans. Promote the development of internal rating of commercial banks in China. However, looking at the whole world, from the beginning of Logit model in 1980s to the KMV model after the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the international commercial banks have used the statistical model to carry on the internal rating for a long time. Through comparison, we can find that the development of internal rating system of commercial banks in China has just started. Under the influence of asymmetric information and imperfect financial indicators, the credit approval of small and micro enterprises in China's commercial banks has been very cautious. In recent years, due to the slow development of external and internal ratings, the financing problem of small and micro enterprises is highlighted. In order to solve the two major problems of employment and consumption, the state has issued policies to support small and micro enterprises. Many commercial banks have also relaxed the restrictions on loans to small and micro enterprises. However, commercial banks have not yet developed the means to control the credit risk of small and micro enterprises. Banks still have huge exposure. In 2013, Internet finance entered a period of rapid development. Internet companies, represented by Alibaba and JingDong Mall, not only performed well in e-commerce, but also began to step into the financial sector. And it effectively solves the loan demand of small and micro enterprises on its platform. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the control mode of credit risk of small and micro enterprises by Internet financial enterprises such as Alibaba, and to explore the ways and methods of credit control of small and micro enterprises by Chinese commercial banks from the angle of supply chain and continuous observation of enterprise capital flow.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4;F276.3

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