【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,世界范圍內(nèi)自然資源日益減少,公眾的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)也有所增強(qiáng),廢舊產(chǎn)品的回收及再利用也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,并且受到越來越多的關(guān)注。許多國家為了促進(jìn)對仍有利用價(jià)值的舊產(chǎn)品的再利用過程,出臺(tái)了一些相關(guān)的政策對其進(jìn)行引導(dǎo),我國也制定有關(guān)于循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策,并在2009年開始生效,其中規(guī)定負(fù)責(zé)對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)的企業(yè),還需要負(fù)責(zé)其流通后的回收及再制造工作。不僅可以保護(hù)環(huán)境,還可以起到節(jié)約資源的效果。另外,制造型企業(yè)在對舊產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行回收的同時(shí),不僅企業(yè)形象得到提升,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益也得到了增長,具有重要的意義。本文主要是運(yùn)用了變分不等式理論、Nash理論、網(wǎng)絡(luò)均衡理論對閉環(huán)供應(yīng)鏈的網(wǎng)絡(luò)均衡問題進(jìn)行研究。通過敘述研究背景、梳理現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)的研究情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)存文獻(xiàn)的不足之處,進(jìn)而提出本文的研究方向。并且對供應(yīng)鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論、制造商供應(yīng)鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)、變分不等式相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行闡述,進(jìn)而得到均衡模型的形式以及求解算法。具體內(nèi)容如下:首先,制造型企業(yè)往往因?yàn)橘Y金有限、技術(shù)不夠先進(jìn)等原因,造成制造商存在產(chǎn)能限制,在考慮這種因素存在的情況下,通過對鏈上各層中決策者的最優(yōu)決策行為的分析,建立了對應(yīng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)均衡模型,并分析了其解的存在性以及唯一性。之后,隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展,電子商務(wù)銷售渠道日趨完善,吸引著越來越多的消費(fèi)者,因此,在傳統(tǒng)零售銷售渠道的基礎(chǔ)上加入電子商務(wù)銷售渠道,對雙渠道銷售模式下的閉環(huán)供應(yīng)鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究。而且,為了促進(jìn)廢舊產(chǎn)品更好的被回收,制造商選擇對回收中心的收購行為進(jìn)行一定的資金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。依據(jù)新產(chǎn)品和再制造產(chǎn)品在質(zhì)量上無差異的條件,在各層決策者均追求自身利潤最大化的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制下的雙渠道再制造閉環(huán)供應(yīng)鏈的網(wǎng)絡(luò)均衡模型,然后運(yùn)用MATLAB軟件,通過修正投影算法對其進(jìn)行求解,并且將其與只考慮傳統(tǒng)零售模式的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,還仿真分析了不同參數(shù)的變化對均衡結(jié)果造成的影響。最后,從政府的角度出發(fā),政府為制造商規(guī)定了最高碳排放量約束條件,若制造商的碳排放量超出規(guī)定,則向其征收碳稅;同時(shí),政府還對回收中心的回收行為進(jìn)行資金補(bǔ)貼,以鼓勵(lì)廢舊產(chǎn)品的回收工作。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對各層中節(jié)點(diǎn)企業(yè)的最優(yōu)決策行為進(jìn)行分析,以建立碳排放約束下的雙渠道再制造閉環(huán)供應(yīng)鏈的網(wǎng)絡(luò)均衡模型,并且通過數(shù)值算例分析了不同參數(shù)在變化時(shí)對供應(yīng)鏈的碳排放總量和總利潤形成的影響。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the natural resources in the world are decreasing day by day, the environmental protection consciousness of the public has also been strengthened, the recycling and reuse of the waste products have also emerged, and more attention has been paid to it. In order to promote the reuse process of old products that still have useful value, many countries have issued some related policies to guide them. China has also formulated a policy on circular economy, which came into effect in 2009. Enterprises responsible for the production of products should also be responsible for recycling and remanufacturing after circulation. It can not only protect the environment, but also save resources. In addition, manufacturing enterprises not only improve their image, but also increase their economic benefits while recycling the old products, which is of great significance. In this paper, the variational inequality theory and the network equilibrium theory are used to study the network equilibrium problem of the closed-loop supply chain. Through describing the research background, combing the research situation of the existing literature, finding out the shortcomings of the existing literature, and then putting forward the research direction of this paper. The theory of supply chain network, the network structure of manufacturer supply chain and the theory of variational inequality are discussed, and the form of equilibrium model and the algorithm of solving the equilibrium model are obtained. The specific contents are as follows: firstly, manufacturing enterprises often have limited production capacity because of limited capital and insufficient advanced technology. By analyzing the optimal decision behavior of the decision makers in each layer of the chain, the corresponding network equilibrium model is established, and the existence and uniqueness of the solution are analyzed. After that, with the development of information technology in today's society, e-commerce sales channels are becoming more and more perfect, attracting more and more consumers. Therefore, e-commerce sales channels are added on the basis of traditional retail sales channels. This paper studies the network structure of closed-loop supply chain under two-channel sales mode. Moreover, in order to promote better recycling of used products, manufacturers choose to offer financial incentives for the acquisition of recycling centers. According to the condition that there is no difference in quality between the new product and the remanufactured product, and on the basis that the decision-makers at all levels pursue their own profit maximization, the network equilibrium model of the double-channel remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain under the reward mechanism is established. Then it is solved by modified projection algorithm with MATLAB software and compared with the results of traditional retail mode. The influence of different parameters on the equilibrium results is also simulated and analyzed. Finally, from the government's point of view, the government sets the maximum carbon emission constraints for manufacturers and imposes a carbon tax on manufacturers if their carbon emissions exceed the regulations. At the same time, the government subsidizes the recycling of recycling centers. To encourage recycling of used and end-of-life products. On this basis, the optimal decision-making behavior of nodal enterprises in each layer is analyzed to establish the network equilibrium model of double-channel remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain under carbon emission constraints. The effects of different parameters on the total carbon emissions and total profits of the supply chain are analyzed by numerical examples.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F274

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