本文選題：采購(gòu)渠道 + 供應(yīng)鏈管理��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的今天,制造業(yè)的成本和利潤(rùn)是越來(lái)越透明化。企業(yè)的銷售渠道對(duì)于目標(biāo)市場(chǎng),最終用戶也是越來(lái)越公開(kāi)化�，F(xiàn)在軌道機(jī)車制造行業(yè)有些項(xiàng)目的名稱也都直接用最終客戶名稱或用途直接命名,如“廣州地鐵3號(hào)線維修車”,“Zefiro380"(時(shí)速380公里的高速列車)。與此相關(guān)的前期的合同招標(biāo)、投標(biāo),圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì),項(xiàng)目采購(gòu)(包括原材料及設(shè)備采購(gòu)),產(chǎn)品和設(shè)備的維修維護(hù)計(jì)劃等等的實(shí)施都是以此作為整體項(xiàng)目名稱。 所以,現(xiàn)在企業(yè)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)實(shí)際上已變成供應(yīng)鏈之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。供應(yīng)鏈管理已成為企業(yè)培育核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)、適應(yīng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化市場(chǎng)的重要組成部分。而當(dāng)前的商業(yè)環(huán)境,在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的背景下,供應(yīng)鏈的成本控制和優(yōu)化組合就變得尤為重要。良好合理的供應(yīng)鏈運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)能對(duì)客戶的需求具有快反應(yīng)能力,并能盡最大可能地控制成本,可以幫助企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)提升市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的目的。對(duì)于某些企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō),即要滿足客戶不斷高漲的期望并能合理控制各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)成本是有相當(dāng)難度的,而那些能夠適時(shí)適地為客戶提供滿意的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的企業(yè)則具備了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),就能在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上占有一席之地,并會(huì)隨著供應(yīng)鏈成本管理的提升,占有的市場(chǎng)份額也將隨著擴(kuò)大。 本文從低成本國(guó)家采購(gòu)的基本理論開(kāi)始,闡述跨國(guó)公司在“最優(yōu)成本”市場(chǎng)的采購(gòu)項(xiàng)目管理方式。以A公司在低成本國(guó)家的采購(gòu)管理現(xiàn)狀和主要的問(wèn)題分析為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)跨國(guó)公司的對(duì)于所采購(gòu)產(chǎn)品的通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,不同低成本國(guó)家的貿(mào)易政策和國(guó)際貿(mào)易中匯率變動(dòng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等,以A公司為例,在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步的分析和研究在低成本國(guó)家采購(gòu)中面對(duì)不同等級(jí)的供應(yīng)商在篩選和確認(rèn)過(guò)程中的問(wèn)題和解決方案。再到研究A公司低成本國(guó)家采購(gòu)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略,分別從A公司對(duì)外面對(duì)供應(yīng)商的角度和A公司的內(nèi)部運(yùn)作細(xì)入的進(jìn)行分析。最后通過(guò)闡述A公司的供應(yīng)商評(píng)估和采購(gòu)項(xiàng)目具體的管理措施,通過(guò)具體的案例分析,來(lái)進(jìn)一步研究在低成本國(guó)家采購(gòu)管理的策略的實(shí)施,由此給企業(yè)帶來(lái)的成本節(jié)約和整體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提高。 希望本文通過(guò)A公司的采購(gòu)策略的分析和研究,能有助于其它的類似企業(yè)把全球低成本國(guó)家采購(gòu)作為當(dāng)前供應(yīng)鏈管理的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)中具有一定的借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:In the global economic integration today, manufacturing costs and profits are becoming more and more transparent. The marketing channel of the enterprise is also more and more open to the target market. At present, the names of some projects in the railway locomotive manufacturing industry are also directly named by the final customer name or use, such as "Guangzhou Metro Line 3 repair vehicle" and "Zefiro380" (380 km / h high-speed train). The implementation of pre-contract bidding, drawing design, project procurement (including raw materials and equipment procurement, product and equipment maintenance plan, etc.) is based on the overall project name. Therefore, now the competition between enterprises has actually become the competition between supply chains. Supply chain management has become an important part of enterprises to cultivate core competitiveness, enhance competitive advantage and adapt to the global economic integration market. In the current business environment, under the background of global economic integration, cost control and optimal combination of supply chain become more and more important. Good and reasonable supply chain operation can quickly respond to customer's demand, and can control cost as far as possible, which can help enterprises to achieve the goal of improving market competitiveness. For some enterprises, it is quite difficult to meet the rising expectations of customers and to reasonably control the operating costs of each link. Those who can provide satisfactory products and services to customers at the right time have a competitive advantage, and will have a place in the competitive international market, and will be able to improve the cost management of the supply chain. Share of the market will also be expanded. Starting with the basic theory of low cost country procurement, this paper expounds the purchasing project management mode of multinational corporations in the "optimal cost" market. Taking the purchasing management status quo and main problems of A Company in low-cost countries as the research object, through the common standard requirements of multinational corporations for the products purchased, The trade policies of different low-cost countries and the risk of exchange rate changes in international trade. Take Company A as an example. On this basis, further analysis and study of low cost country procurement in the face of different levels of suppliers in the process of selection and identification of problems and solutions. Then, the paper studies the strategy of low cost country purchasing of company A, and analyzes the internal operation of company A from the perspective of company A facing suppliers outside and the internal operation of company A. Finally, by explaining the supplier evaluation and purchasing project specific management measures of A Company, and through the specific case analysis, to further study the implementation of procurement management strategy in low-cost countries. The cost savings and the overall competitiveness of the enterprise. It is hoped that through the analysis and study of the purchasing strategy of company A, this paper will be helpful for other similar enterprises to take global low-cost country procurement as a key point of current supply chain management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F274

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