本文選題：碳配額交易 + 汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈　； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體已對(duì)環(huán)境造成了巨大的破壞,為了保護(hù)人類(lèi)健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境,制定并實(shí)施減排政策已經(jīng)成為世界各國(guó)的共識(shí)。在低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下,碳排放權(quán)作為一種特殊的資源已被不少供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)納入其日常運(yùn)營(yíng)及發(fā)展中,深刻改變著企業(yè)的運(yùn)營(yíng)決策。傳統(tǒng)汽車(chē)作為溫室氣體的重要排放源,其產(chǎn)生的尾氣嚴(yán)重污染著空氣質(zhì)量,汽車(chē)行業(yè)是已經(jīng)被納入政府碳配額政策中減排的重要行業(yè)之一。由于市場(chǎng)環(huán)境的復(fù)雜多變,供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)同競(jìng)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)逐漸替代了企業(yè)間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)下對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈合作的需求則更高。汽車(chē)行業(yè)的供應(yīng)鏈作為最復(fù)雜的供應(yīng)鏈之一,它覆蓋了多個(gè)企業(yè)、多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)與多個(gè)過(guò)程,要實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈的協(xié)同合作難度相當(dāng)大。因此,本文基于由制造商和經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商構(gòu)成的二級(jí)汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈,在政府碳配額約束下,探究在分散決策和集中決策模式下汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈成員如何在碳排放權(quán)交易和碳減排投資方式存在的情況下來(lái)優(yōu)化碳減排率和定價(jià)策略,并給出了兩種具體的收益協(xié)調(diào)方案使整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境效益最優(yōu)狀態(tài)。本文首先在對(duì)碳配額交易機(jī)制下企業(yè)的減排行為、供應(yīng)鏈定價(jià)及利益協(xié)調(diào)、汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈等方面進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)綜述的基礎(chǔ)上,指出當(dāng)前對(duì)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)下汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈定價(jià)及協(xié)調(diào)的研究不足。通過(guò)對(duì)相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行闡述,結(jié)合消費(fèi)者低碳產(chǎn)品偏好對(duì)汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)及減排行為進(jìn)行了分析,為下文建模和利益協(xié)調(diào)奠定基礎(chǔ)。然后,構(gòu)建了汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈在分散決策模式下的產(chǎn)品定價(jià)及減排策略模型,并與集中決策模式下的產(chǎn)品定價(jià)和最優(yōu)減排率進(jìn)行對(duì)比,探討在存在碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)并考慮消費(fèi)者低碳偏好時(shí),不同決策模式下汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈的最優(yōu)定價(jià)及最優(yōu)減排率決策,并深入分析了供應(yīng)鏈外部環(huán)境中的消費(fèi)者低碳偏好、碳交易價(jià)格等對(duì)最優(yōu)定價(jià)、產(chǎn)量和利潤(rùn)產(chǎn)生的影響,為汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈中各成員企業(yè)定價(jià)和減排決策提供理論依據(jù)和建議。又通過(guò)模型參數(shù)的設(shè)定,用Matlab軟件編程進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)仿真,并將分散決策下的最優(yōu)定價(jià)和利潤(rùn)與集中決策進(jìn)行對(duì)比,有效檢驗(yàn)了研究成果。最后,本文嘗試分析了兩種不同決策模式下供應(yīng)鏈利潤(rùn)和pareto改進(jìn)空間,為使汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈成員能達(dá)成穩(wěn)定的合作關(guān)系,本文通過(guò)引入基于討價(jià)還價(jià)能力的博弈分析和基于Shapley值法的利潤(rùn)分配模型來(lái)有效協(xié)調(diào)汽車(chē)供應(yīng)鏈中制造商和經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商的利潤(rùn)分配,以實(shí)現(xiàn)供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)的利益協(xié)調(diào)。本文還在Shapley值法利益協(xié)調(diào)模型下討論了政府碳配額及碳交易價(jià)格變動(dòng)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈各節(jié)點(diǎn)企業(yè)利潤(rùn)的影響。
[Abstract]:At present, greenhouse gases produced by human production activities have caused great damage to the environment. In order to protect human health and ecological environment, it has become a consensus in the world to formulate and implement emission reduction policies. In the context of low-carbon economy, carbon emission rights, as a special resource, have been brought into the daily operation and development of many supply chain enterprises. As an important emission source of greenhouse gas, traditional automobile is one of the important industries which has been included in the carbon quota policy of the government. Because of the complex and changeable market environment, supply chain collaborative competition has gradually replaced the competition among enterprises, and the demand for supply chain cooperation is higher in low carbon economy. As one of the most complex supply chains in automobile industry, it covers many enterprises, links and processes, so it is very difficult to realize collaborative cooperation in automobile supply chain. Therefore, this paper is based on the secondary automobile supply chain composed of manufacturers and dealers, under the government carbon quota constraints, This paper explores how automobile supply chain members optimize carbon emission reduction rates and pricing strategies in the presence of carbon emissions trading and carbon emission reduction investment under the mode of decentralized and centralized decision-making. Two specific revenue coordination schemes are given to optimize the economic and environmental benefits of the whole supply chain. First of all, based on the literature review of enterprises' emission reduction behavior, supply chain pricing and interest coordination, automobile supply chain and so on under the carbon quota trading mechanism. It is pointed out that the current research on the pricing and coordination of automobile supply chain in low carbon economy is insufficient. By expounding the relevant theories and combining with consumers' low-carbon product preference, the paper analyzes the structure and emission reduction behavior of automobile supply chain, which lays a foundation for the following modeling and benefit coordination. Then, the model of product pricing and emission reduction strategy of automobile supply chain in decentralized decision-making mode is constructed, and compared with product pricing and optimal emission reduction rate in centralized decision-making mode. In the presence of carbon emission trading market and considering consumers' low carbon preference, the optimal pricing and optimal emission reduction rate decision of automobile supply chain under different decision modes are discussed, and the consumers' low carbon preference in the external environment of supply chain is deeply analyzed. The influence of carbon trading price on the optimal pricing, output and profit provides theoretical basis and suggestions for the pricing and emission reduction decisions of the member enterprises in the automotive supply chain. Through the setting of model parameters, the data simulation is carried out with Matlab software, and the optimal pricing and profit under the decentralized decision are compared with the centralized decision, which effectively tests the research results. Finally, this paper attempts to analyze the profit and pareto improvement space of the supply chain under two different decision-making modes, in order to make the automobile supply chain members reach a stable cooperative relationship. This paper introduces the game analysis based on bargaining power and the profit distribution model based on Shapley value method to effectively coordinate the profit distribution between manufacturers and dealers in the automobile supply chain so as to realize the benefit coordination of supply chain enterprises. This paper also discusses the influence of government carbon quota and carbon trading price change on the profit of enterprises in each node of supply chain under the Shapley value method interest coordination model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F274;F426.471

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