本文選題：應(yīng)急供應(yīng)鏈 + 救災(zāi)物資管理　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾年,我國遭受自然災(zāi)害的情況屢見不鮮,受災(zāi)程度也不斷變化,這些災(zāi)害不但對人民的生命安全造成了威脅,還對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了極大的損失。與此同時,更對應(yīng)急供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)調(diào)和救災(zāi)物資的管理進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)峻的考驗。由于自然災(zāi)害的產(chǎn)生具有較強(qiáng)的不確定性,并且伴隨一定的突發(fā)性,我國現(xiàn)有的應(yīng)急供應(yīng)鏈管理體系難以適應(yīng)突發(fā)狀況下物資救災(zāi)的需要,存在一定的缺陷。在整個抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)的過程中,如何進(jìn)行救災(zāi)物資的籌集,調(diào)配,運輸是一個重要的命題。在緊急狀況下,救災(zāi)物資的應(yīng)急供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)調(diào)對重大災(zāi)害要進(jìn)行調(diào)控,通過采取多種措施來控制災(zāi)難蔓延,從而避免損失更加嚴(yán)重。顯而易見,在供應(yīng)鏈應(yīng)急協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng)下研究救災(zāi)物資的管理狀況以及如何提高救災(zāi)物資的管理能力具有一定的理論價值,并且對突發(fā)狀況的發(fā)生具有一定的現(xiàn)實指導(dǎo)意義。 物資管理,是指企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)過程中對本企業(yè)所需物資的采購、使用、儲備、配送等行為進(jìn)行計劃、組織和控制的過程。物資管理各個環(huán)節(jié)環(huán)環(huán)相扣,組成物資供應(yīng)鏈。供應(yīng)鏈管理作為一個廣泛的概念,可以被定義為：在生產(chǎn)和配送最終產(chǎn)品／服務(wù)的過程中,對整體供應(yīng)鏈(供應(yīng)商、制造商、物流提供商、批發(fā)商及零售商等)中的信息流、物資流和資金流進(jìn)行有效的控制和管理,以滿足客戶需求的服務(wù),同時降低整體供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)的總成本。 國內(nèi)自然災(zāi)害、公共衛(wèi)生事件、重大事故等突發(fā)事件頻發(fā),救災(zāi)物資的需求急劇增加。為合理有效的滿足大量突發(fā)的物資需求和防止不良影響的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,提高災(zāi)害應(yīng)對水平,穩(wěn)定社會,救災(zāi)物資管理水平也需要得到相應(yīng)的提高。除了擴(kuò)大救災(zāi)物資儲備數(shù)量和規(guī)模、加大政府財政對于救災(zāi)物資管理的支持力度以外,可以將救災(zāi)物資的購買方(政府職能部門、非盈利組織)與供應(yīng)方(大型零售商、生產(chǎn)商)的獲取—儲存—分配作為一條完整的供應(yīng)鏈,從供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)調(diào)的角度對應(yīng)急物資進(jìn)行管理。 應(yīng)急供應(yīng)鏈管理是指以提供自然災(zāi)害、公共衛(wèi)生事件、重大事故(例如,包括火災(zāi)求援、危險物質(zhì)事件、抗洪搶險、海嘯和抗震救災(zāi)、失去主要供應(yīng)商或顧客、疫情控制等)等突發(fā)性事件所需應(yīng)急物資為目的、以追求時間效益最大化和災(zāi)害損失最小化為目標(biāo),借助現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù),非正常性地組織物品從供應(yīng)地到接受地的實供應(yīng)鏈動過程,它包括物品獲得、運輸、儲存、裝卸、搬運、包裝、配送以及信息處理等功能性活動。 為了能夠?qū)ν话l(fā)事件和自然災(zāi)害進(jìn)行適時的應(yīng)對,如何安全高效的將救災(zāi)物資及時送達(dá),應(yīng)急物流越來越受到重視和研究。本文在分析了我國救災(zāi)物資管理研究現(xiàn)狀和目前存在問題的基礎(chǔ)上,從供應(yīng)鏈的視角對應(yīng)急物流提出了從應(yīng)急物資采購、運輸、倉儲及風(fēng)險等方面進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the situation of natural disasters in our country is common, and the degree of disaster is also changing. These disasters not only threaten the lives of the people, but also cause great losses to the social economy. At the same time, the coordination of emergency supply chain and the management of disaster relief materials were severely tested. Due to the strong uncertainty of the occurrence of natural disasters and the sudden occurrence of natural disasters, the existing emergency supply chain management system in our country is difficult to meet the needs of material relief under the sudden situation, and has certain defects. In the whole process of disaster relief, how to raise, distribute and transport relief materials is an important proposition. In the emergency situation, the emergency supply chain coordination of relief supplies should regulate the major disasters, and take a variety of measures to control the spread of disasters, so as to avoid more serious losses. It is obvious that the research on the management of disaster relief materials under the supply chain emergency coordination system and how to improve the management ability of disaster relief materials have certain theoretical value and have a certain practical significance for the occurrence of unexpected situations. Material management refers to the process of planning, organizing and controlling the purchase, use, storage and distribution of the materials needed by the enterprise in the process of production. Material management links together to form a material supply chain. As a broad concept, supply chain management can be defined as the flow of information in the overall supply chain (suppliers, manufacturers, logistics providers, wholesalers, retailers, etc.) during the production and distribution of final products / services. Material flow and capital flow are effectively controlled and managed to meet customer needs while reducing the total cost of the overall supply chain system. Natural disasters, public health events, major accidents and other emergencies occur frequently in China, and the demand for disaster relief materials increases sharply. In order to reasonably and effectively meet a large number of sudden material needs and prevent the further expansion of adverse effects, improve the level of disaster response, and stabilize the society, the management level of disaster relief materials also needs to be improved accordingly. In addition to expanding the amount and scale of disaster relief materials reserves and increasing government financial support for disaster relief materials management, buyers (government departments, non-profit organizations) and suppliers (large retailers) of disaster relief materials can be combined. As a complete supply chain, emergency supplies are managed from the point of view of supply chain coordination. Emergency supply chain management refers to the provision of natural disasters, public health events, major accidents (for example, fire distress, hazardous material events, flood relief, tsunami and earthquake relief, loss of major suppliers or customers, For the purpose of seeking maximum time benefit and minimizing disaster losses, and with the aid of modern information technology, Unorthodox organization of the physical supply chain process from supply to acceptance, which includes the acquisition, transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution and information processing of items. In order to deal with emergencies and natural disasters in good time, emergency logistics has been paid more and more attention to, how to deliver disaster relief materials safely and efficiently. Based on the analysis of the present situation and problems in the management of disaster relief materials in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the optimization of emergency logistics from the perspective of supply chain, such as procurement, transportation, warehousing and risk of emergency materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F274;F259.21

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