本文選題：射頻識(shí)別 + 認(rèn)證協(xié)議　； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：射頻識(shí)別(Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)技術(shù)是一種新興的自動(dòng)識(shí)別技術(shù)。由于RFID不需要視距通信,并能保證低成本和高效操作以及多標(biāo)簽的同時(shí)識(shí)別能力。因此它具備條形碼技術(shù)、智能卡和生物識(shí)別系統(tǒng)(指紋和視網(wǎng)膜識(shí)別)等所沒(méi)有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 近些年,RFID技術(shù)在工業(yè)界與學(xué)術(shù)界獲得了迅速發(fā)展,例如供應(yīng)鏈管理、電子支付、辦公室訪問(wèn)控制、環(huán)境監(jiān)控、智能標(biāo)簽、港口管理、ETC路橋不停車收費(fèi)系統(tǒng),中國(guó)移動(dòng)推廣的RFID-SIM手機(jī)錢包等都將應(yīng)用到這一技術(shù)。RFID也是實(shí)現(xiàn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ),未來(lái)更多的基于RFID技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品將會(huì)出現(xiàn)。 與所有快速發(fā)展的新技術(shù)一樣,無(wú)線射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)在帶來(lái)好處的同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了與安全相關(guān)的問(wèn)題。RFID系統(tǒng)當(dāng)初的設(shè)計(jì)思想是——系統(tǒng)對(duì)應(yīng)用是完全開放的,這是RFID系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)安全隱患的根本原因。此外,在標(biāo)簽上執(zhí)行加、解密運(yùn)算需要消耗較多的資源,會(huì)給廉價(jià)的RFID標(biāo)簽增加額外的開銷,因此使一些優(yōu)秀的安全技術(shù)不能直接應(yīng)用到RFID標(biāo)簽的硬件中。安全實(shí)現(xiàn)的成本也是設(shè)計(jì)RFID安全協(xié)議需要考慮的重要因素。因此,基于RFID系統(tǒng)的安全協(xié)議需要是輕量級(jí)的。 論文對(duì)RFID安全認(rèn)證協(xié)議進(jìn)行了研究,對(duì)現(xiàn)有的一些RFID安全協(xié)議進(jìn)行了分析,提出了對(duì)現(xiàn)有方案改進(jìn)的一些思路。并設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)新的RFID認(rèn)證協(xié)議。論文主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： 1.基于對(duì)稱密碼體制的RFID安全協(xié)議：為設(shè)計(jì)輕量級(jí)的安全協(xié)議,提出了基于對(duì)稱密碼體制的RFID安全認(rèn)證協(xié)議。該協(xié)議中,標(biāo)簽與讀寫器每次認(rèn)證成功后,它們的認(rèn)證密鑰都能夠得到更新,能更好地提高它們之間未來(lái)通信的安全性,避免攻擊者假冒標(biāo)簽對(duì)RFID系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行攻擊。之后對(duì)協(xié)議的安全性進(jìn)行了分析,證明該協(xié)議滿足RFID系統(tǒng)對(duì)安全的需求。最后,與其它的協(xié)議進(jìn)行了性能的比較,并對(duì)該協(xié)議中標(biāo)簽認(rèn)證時(shí)的運(yùn)算時(shí)間進(jìn)行了估計(jì),結(jié)果表明該協(xié)議具有較高的運(yùn)行效率。 2.基于多標(biāo)簽認(rèn)證的RFID安全協(xié)議：論文前面幾章提到的安全協(xié)議都是相對(duì)于單標(biāo)簽認(rèn)證的,但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用過(guò)程中,經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到多標(biāo)簽同時(shí)參與認(rèn)證的情況,在這種情況下,同時(shí)對(duì)多個(gè)標(biāo)簽的合法性進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)可以大大節(jié)約標(biāo)簽認(rèn)證過(guò)程中的通信和計(jì)算開銷。論文提出了一種基于多標(biāo)簽認(rèn)證的RFID安全協(xié)議。該協(xié)議允許多個(gè)標(biāo)簽同時(shí)參與認(rèn)證,通過(guò)讀寫器將所有標(biāo)簽的認(rèn)證信息聚合成一個(gè)認(rèn)證數(shù)據(jù),再一并發(fā)送給后端服務(wù)器,最后由服務(wù)器對(duì)所有標(biāo)簽進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一認(rèn)證。這一步可以大量減少讀寫器與服務(wù)器之間的通信開銷。各個(gè)標(biāo)簽也可以檢驗(yàn)服務(wù)器的合法性。然后對(duì)該協(xié)議進(jìn)行了安全性以及性能分析。最后基于Miracl大數(shù)計(jì)算庫(kù)的軟件平臺(tái)對(duì)該協(xié)議的認(rèn)證過(guò)程進(jìn)行了軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)以評(píng)估其性能。實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果表明相對(duì)于對(duì)每個(gè)標(biāo)簽單獨(dú)進(jìn)行認(rèn)證,多標(biāo)簽認(rèn)證協(xié)議占性能優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Radio Frequency Identification, RFID) technology is a new automatic identification technology. Since RFID does not require line-of-sight communication, it can guarantee low cost and efficient operation and multi-tag simultaneous recognition. Therefore, it has the advantages of bar code technology, smart card and biometric identification system (fingerprint and retinal identification). In recent years, RFID technology has developed rapidly in industry and academia, such as supply chain management, electronic payment, office access control, environmental monitoring, intelligent label, port management, etc. The RFID-SIM mobile wallet promoted by China Mobile will be applied to this technology. RFID is also the basis to realize the Internet of things. More products based on RFID technology will appear in the future. Like all new and rapidly evolving technologies, RFID technology not only brings benefits but also brings security-related problems. The original design idea of RFID systems was that the system was completely open to applications. This is the RFID system security hidden trouble of the root cause. In addition, performing encryption and decryption on tags requires more resources, which will add additional overhead to cheap RFID tags, so that some excellent security techniques can not be directly applied to the hardware of RFID tags. The cost of security implementation is also an important factor in the design of RFID security protocol. Therefore, the security protocol based on RFID system needs to be lightweight. This paper studies the RFID security authentication protocol, analyzes some existing RFID security protocols, and puts forward some ideas to improve the existing scheme. Two new RFID authentication protocols are designed. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1. RFID security protocol based on symmetric cryptosystem: in order to design a lightweight security protocol, a RFID security authentication protocol based on symmetric cryptosystem is proposed. In this protocol, each time the tag and reader authenticate successfully, their authentication keys can be updated, which can improve the security of future communication between them, and avoid attackers attacking RFID system by impersonating tags. Then the security of the protocol is analyzed, and it is proved that the protocol meets the security requirements of RFID system. Finally, the performance of the proposed protocol is compared with that of other protocols, and the computing time of label authentication is estimated. The results show that the proposed protocol has a high running efficiency. 2. Multi-label Authentication based RFID Security Protocol: the security protocols mentioned in the previous chapters are relative to single-label authentication, but in the practical application process, many tags often participate in the authentication at the same time, in this case, At the same time, checking the validity of multiple tags can greatly reduce the communication and computing overhead. This paper presents a RFID security protocol based on multi-label authentication. The protocol allows multiple tags to participate in the authentication at the same time. The authentication information of all tags is aggregated into one authentication data by the reader, and then sent to the back-end server. Finally, all the tags are authenticated by the server. This step can greatly reduce the communication overhead between the reader and the server. Each label can also verify the server's legitimacy. Then the security and performance of the protocol are analyzed. Finally, the software platform based on Miracl large number computing library is implemented to evaluate the performance of the protocol. The implementation results show that the performance of multi-label authentication protocol is superior to that of individual authentication for each label.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.44

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