本文選題：隨機(jī)環(huán)境　切入點(diǎn)：跨國公司　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著市場(chǎng)全球化和經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化趨勢(shì)的增強(qiáng),很多企業(yè)紛紛在世界各地設(shè)立分支機(jī)構(gòu),從事生產(chǎn)銷售活動(dòng),通過內(nèi)部貿(mào)易促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品、原材料、技術(shù)服務(wù)在子公司間的流動(dòng),形成了以跨國公司為主體的國際生產(chǎn)體系。因此,如何進(jìn)行全球范圍內(nèi)合理的生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸及庫存安排,從而達(dá)到供應(yīng)鏈稅后利潤(rùn)最大化或成本最低化成為跨國公司的重要議題之一。 首先,論文闡述了跨國公司供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)分銷計(jì)劃的研究背景、意義,總結(jié)了文中使用的方法和思路,并提煉出本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。 其次,介紹了跨國供應(yīng)鏈的基本理論,包括內(nèi)部貿(mào)易、轉(zhuǎn)移價(jià)格、供應(yīng)鏈計(jì)劃、關(guān)鍵問題以及決策模式,并對(duì)現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的回顧和總結(jié)。 隨后,本文以不同決策模式下的供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)分銷計(jì)劃為主線展開了研究,分別建立了集中決策下的生產(chǎn)分銷模型和分散決策模式下的生產(chǎn)分銷計(jì)劃模型。這兩種模型擁有相似的結(jié)構(gòu),包括一個(gè)母公司和多個(gè)子公司的跨國公司,屬于隨機(jī)生產(chǎn)能力和隨機(jī)需求下的多計(jì)劃期、多公司、多產(chǎn)品的二級(jí)供應(yīng)鏈模型。但這些復(fù)雜模型的處理方法卻不盡相同。相同之處是：對(duì)模型中含有不確定因素——隨機(jī)生產(chǎn)能力和隨機(jī)需求的約束的處理方法是將利用機(jī)會(huì)約束規(guī)劃原理將這些約束轉(zhuǎn)換為有明確意義的約束；通過變量替換把非線性模型轉(zhuǎn)換為線性模型。不同之處是：分散決策模型通過拉格朗日松弛算法松弛掉企業(yè)之間的耦合關(guān)聯(lián)約束,將整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)的集中決策問題分解為每個(gè)企業(yè)內(nèi)部獨(dú)立的生產(chǎn)分銷計(jì)劃決策問題,由母公司作為協(xié)調(diào)中心,借助拉格朗日松弛算法不斷迭代,最終求出較優(yōu)解。 最后,兩個(gè)模型都給出了算例分析。在集中決策下,算例分析驗(yàn)證了本文的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：一、在生產(chǎn)能力有限的情況下,為了達(dá)到全局利潤(rùn)最大化,優(yōu)先滿足可以帶來較大利潤(rùn)回報(bào)的市場(chǎng)而使得另外的市場(chǎng)需求得不到滿足。二、在特定情況下,犧牲分公司的利益可以使全球利潤(rùn)達(dá)到最大化；在分散決策下,算例分析驗(yàn)證了模型的可行性,說明了拉格朗日松弛算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the increasing trend of market globalization and economic integration, many enterprises have set up branches around the world, engaged in production and sales activities, and promoted the flow of products, raw materials, and technical services among subsidiaries through internal trade. Forming an international production system with multinational corporations as the main body. Therefore, how to carry out reasonable production, transportation and inventory arrangements on a global scale, It is one of the important issues for MNCs to maximize the after-tax profit or minimize the cost of the supply chain. Firstly, the paper expounds the research background and significance of the supply chain production and distribution plan of multinational corporations, summarizes the methods and ideas used in this paper, and extracts the innovation points of this paper. Secondly, it introduces the basic theory of transnational supply chain, including internal trade, transfer price, supply chain planning, key issues and decision models, and briefly reviews and summarizes the existing literature. Then, this paper focuses on the supply chain production and distribution planning under different decision modes. The production distribution model under centralized decision and the production and distribution plan model under decentralized decision mode are established respectively. The two models have similar structures, including a parent company and a multinational company with multiple subsidiaries. A multi-plan period, multi-company, under random production capacity and random demand, Multi-product two-stage supply chain models. However, these complex models are treated differently. The same thing is that the method of dealing with the constraints of stochastic production capacity and stochastic demand with uncertain factors in the model is to bring profit to the model. These constraints are transformed into explicit constraints by using the principle of opportunistic constraint programming. The nonlinear model is transformed into a linear model by variable substitution. The difference is that the decentralized decision model relaxes the coupling constraints between enterprises by Lagrangian relaxation algorithm. The centralized decision problem of the whole supply chain system is decomposed into the independent production and distribution planning decision problem within each enterprise. The parent company acts as the coordination center and iterates through the Lagrangian relaxation algorithm to obtain the optimal solution. At last, the two models give the example analysis. Under the centralized decision, the example analysis verifies the two viewpoints of this paper: first, in order to maximize the global profit under the condition of limited production capacity, Priority is given to markets that bring greater profit returns, leaving other market demands unmet. Second, under certain circumstances, global profits can be maximized at the expense of branch interests; in decentralized decision-making, The feasibility of the model is verified by an example, and the validity of Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is demonstrated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F276.7;F273

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