本文關(guān)鍵詞： 資金約束 融資模式 生產(chǎn)決策 預(yù)訂購(gòu)契約 需求信息更新　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)張、人工成本和原材料價(jià)格的上漲,身為中小企業(yè)的上游供應(yīng)商往往面臨著生產(chǎn)資本受約束的情形,這在很大程度上限制了自身的運(yùn)營(yíng)和產(chǎn)能需求,同時(shí)也導(dǎo)致下游零售商的訂單無法得到滿足,從而零售商缺貨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加劇,使整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈的生產(chǎn)連續(xù)性和供貨穩(wěn)定性受到影響,削弱了其市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。因此,研究初始資金約束下供應(yīng)商的生產(chǎn)和定價(jià)策略具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。面對(duì)供應(yīng)商初始資金約束的情景,論文通過分析供應(yīng)商向銀行和向零售商提供預(yù)訂購(gòu)契約兩種融資模式,討論了供應(yīng)商的生產(chǎn)和定價(jià)決策。首先分析單階段需求下資金約束供應(yīng)商的生產(chǎn)和定價(jià)策略,然后在此基礎(chǔ)上,引入了需求信息更新,將原來所考慮的需求實(shí)現(xiàn)分為需求信息更新前后的兩個(gè)階段進(jìn)行分析。當(dāng)需求為單階段時(shí),分別從外部融資和內(nèi)部融資兩種角度展開分析,探討了在各自模式下資金約束供應(yīng)商的最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)決策,并比較了兩種模式下供應(yīng)鏈的效率。研究表明,若供應(yīng)商選擇外部融資,其生產(chǎn)和融資問題相當(dāng)于傳統(tǒng)報(bào)童模型的訂購(gòu)和融資決策;若供應(yīng)商通過向零售商提供預(yù)訂購(gòu)契約的方式獲得融資,本文給出了不同初始資金和預(yù)訂購(gòu)批發(fā)價(jià)水平,以及博弈均衡狀態(tài)下的供應(yīng)商最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)決策和零售商最優(yōu)預(yù)訂購(gòu)決策。并且,進(jìn)一步討論了供應(yīng)商最優(yōu)預(yù)訂購(gòu)批發(fā)價(jià)的設(shè)定,還分析了供應(yīng)鏈的狀態(tài)。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)供應(yīng)商不存在資金約束或初始資金相對(duì)充裕時(shí),零售商不會(huì)同時(shí)使用兩次訂購(gòu)機(jī)會(huì),即此時(shí)的供應(yīng)鏈為單一的push模式或pull模式。而在供應(yīng)商資金存在約束下,零售商會(huì)首先選擇預(yù)訂購(gòu)模式以盡可能的為需求實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)備貨,供應(yīng)商也同樣可能會(huì)利用零售商的預(yù)訂購(gòu)資金和初始資金全部投入生產(chǎn),即此時(shí)的供應(yīng)鏈呈現(xiàn)為push和pull的混合模式。在單階段需求的基礎(chǔ)上,引入了需求信息更新,考慮需求的實(shí)現(xiàn)可分為兩個(gè)階段,即在需求信息實(shí)現(xiàn)前,市場(chǎng)需求信息存在一次更新過程。從供應(yīng)商向零售商提供預(yù)訂購(gòu)契約融資的角度展開研究,建立了生產(chǎn)資金約束的供應(yīng)商向零售商提供預(yù)訂購(gòu)契約融資的生產(chǎn)決策模型。研究表明,若兩階段需求信息相互獨(dú)立,則零售商的訂購(gòu)問題相當(dāng)于即時(shí)訂購(gòu)和單需求報(bào)童模型訂購(gòu)問題的簡(jiǎn)單疊加,而供應(yīng)商的決策相當(dāng)于是在零售商即時(shí)訂購(gòu)下的兩階段生產(chǎn)問題;從供應(yīng)商向銀行融資的角度,研究了供應(yīng)商向銀行融資時(shí)的生產(chǎn)和定價(jià)決策,并分析了銀行利率和供應(yīng)商初始資金對(duì)供應(yīng)商和零售商決策的影響。結(jié)果表明,供應(yīng)商均衡初始產(chǎn)量和利潤(rùn)函數(shù)隨著利率的增加而減少,而關(guān)于初始資金的變化趨勢(shì)為先減后增。并結(jié)合數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn),進(jìn)行了相關(guān)因素的敏感性分析。
[Abstract]:As the scale of production expands, labor costs and raw material prices rise, upstream suppliers of small and medium-sized enterprises often face constraints on production capital, which to a large extent limits their operational and capacity needs. At the same time, it also leads to the unsatisfied orders of the downstream retailers, which aggravate the risk of the retailer's shortage, affect the production continuity and supply stability of the whole supply chain, and weaken their market competitiveness. It is of great practical significance to study the supplier's production and pricing strategy under the initial capital constraint. In the face of the situation of the supplier's initial capital constraint, this paper analyzes the two financing modes of the supplier to the bank and to the retailer. The production and pricing decisions of suppliers are discussed. Firstly, the production and pricing strategies of fund constrained suppliers under one-stage demand are analyzed, and then the updating of demand information is introduced. The original requirement realization is divided into two stages before and after the demand information is updated. When the demand is a single stage, the analysis is carried out from the external financing and internal financing, respectively. This paper discusses the optimal production decision of suppliers with capital constraints in their respective modes, and compares the efficiency of supply chains in two modes. The results show that if suppliers choose external financing, The production and financing problem is equivalent to the order and financing decision of the traditional newsboy model. If the supplier obtains the financing by providing the retailer with a subscription contract, this paper gives different initial funds and the wholesale price level of the subscription purchase. The optimal production decision of supplier and the decision of retailer's optimal reservation and purchase under the condition of game equilibrium are also discussed. Furthermore, the setting of optimal wholesale price of supplier's optimal reservation and purchase is discussed, and the state of supply chain is also analyzed. When the supplier does not have a financial constraint or the initial capital is relatively abundant, the retailer will not use the opportunity to order twice at the same time, that is, the supply chain is a single push mode or a pull mode. Retailers first choose to book and purchase as much as possible to meet the demand, and suppliers may also use the retailer's subscription funds and initial funds to fully invest in production. That is, the supply chain is presented as a hybrid mode of push and pull. On the basis of single-stage demand, the requirement information updating is introduced, and the implementation of requirements can be divided into two stages, that is, before the realization of demand information. There is a process of updating market demand information. In this paper, a production decision model for suppliers with production capital constraints to provide pre-purchase contract financing to retailers is established. The results show that if the two-stage demand information is independent of each other, Then the retailer's ordering problem is equivalent to the simple superposition of the immediate ordering problem and the single-demand newsboy model ordering problem, while the supplier's decision is equivalent to the two-stage production problem under the retailer's immediate ordering; from the point of view of the supplier's financing from the bank, In this paper, the production and pricing decisions of suppliers' financing from banks are studied, and the effects of bank interest rates and initial funds of suppliers on suppliers' and retailers' decisions are analyzed. The initial output and profit function of supplier equilibrium decrease with the increase of interest rate, while the change trend of initial capital decreases first and then increases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F274

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