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基于市場(chǎng)取向的我國(guó)天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-01-19 23:00

  本文關(guān)鍵詞: 天然氣 定價(jià)機(jī)制 市場(chǎng)取向 stackelberg 博弈模型 VAR模型 出處:《天津大學(xué)》2014年博士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文


【摘要】:發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)和轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式,,是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然要求。天然氣作為高熱值、低排放、低污染的環(huán)保能源,市場(chǎng)需求量激增,供應(yīng)面臨巨大壓力,局部地區(qū)出現(xiàn)供需不平衡等諸多問題。國(guó)際能源署認(rèn)為:一個(gè)國(guó)家天然氣行業(yè)的規(guī)模和狀態(tài),在很大程度上取決于其定價(jià)政策。如何改革、完善我國(guó)天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制,理順天然氣價(jià)格,是我國(guó)天然氣行業(yè)健康、有序發(fā)展的核心和關(guān)鍵所在。 天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制改革是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,需要行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整等多方面的統(tǒng)籌安排,目前天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制改革的時(shí)機(jī)已較為成熟,由壟斷定價(jià)向市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)定價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)變的改革思路也已經(jīng)明晰,但改革的具體措施,市場(chǎng)培育過程尚有待進(jìn)一步明確。現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制改革的研究成果大多以定性分析為主,缺乏定量分析與數(shù)量模型的有力支持,也沒有形成系統(tǒng)的對(duì)向市場(chǎng)定價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)化的市場(chǎng)培育過程、策略的研究。天然氣價(jià)改后將產(chǎn)生何種影響,亦鮮有文獻(xiàn)提及或進(jìn)行評(píng)估。鑒于此,為探求我國(guó)天然氣行業(yè)未來市場(chǎng)條件下競(jìng)爭(zhēng)定價(jià)的可行策略,本文從我國(guó)天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制的現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),借鑒國(guó)外較成熟天然氣市場(chǎng)定價(jià)經(jīng)驗(yàn),以博弈論的基本原理和方法為工具,以系統(tǒng)科學(xué)思想為指導(dǎo),構(gòu)建了天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制的理論模型,模型涵蓋未來天然氣行業(yè)上中下游定價(jià)機(jī)制的改革思路、策略,深入探討了天然氣定價(jià)的內(nèi)在機(jī)理,并給出了向市場(chǎng)定價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)化的具體措施。同時(shí),本文通過實(shí)證研究分析了天然氣價(jià)格變動(dòng)對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活產(chǎn)生的傳導(dǎo)效應(yīng),對(duì)改革之后產(chǎn)生的各種影響進(jìn)行理論準(zhǔn)備,為平穩(wěn)科學(xué)的改革過度和合理系統(tǒng)的改革配套政策的提出提供理論支持。 本文的主要結(jié)論有: 1、天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制改革的方向是市場(chǎng)定價(jià),改革的思路是:在天然氣上游生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域適時(shí)放寬準(zhǔn)入條件,引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制;加強(qiáng)政府對(duì)中游的管制,實(shí)行第三方準(zhǔn)入制;培育多元化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的下游市場(chǎng),實(shí)現(xiàn)天然氣終端市場(chǎng)健康有序發(fā)展。 2、天然氣管網(wǎng)實(shí)施“第三方準(zhǔn)入制度”能有效的引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng),在保證供應(yīng)安全的條件下提高天然氣下游市場(chǎng)的議價(jià)能力,進(jìn)而保證用戶的利益,并有利于提高天然氣供應(yīng)鏈整體效率,對(duì)整個(gè)天然氣行業(yè)發(fā)展有著非常重要的意義。 3、對(duì)天然氣價(jià)格波動(dòng)影響結(jié)果的實(shí)證分析,得出了天然氣價(jià)格的變動(dòng)會(huì)影響到國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)、人民生活的諸多方面。這就要求政府機(jī)構(gòu)在制定天然氣行業(yè)改革措施和價(jià)改方案的時(shí)候,必須通盤考慮,慎重決策,循序漸進(jìn),系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行。 本文創(chuàng)新之處在于: 1、以博弈理論的基本原理和方法為工具,構(gòu)建了未來市場(chǎng)條件下天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制的系統(tǒng)分析模型,模型涵蓋未來天然氣行業(yè)上、中、下游定價(jià)機(jī)制的不同改革思路的比較、分析。 2、本文不局限于短期改革措施的提出,而是基于現(xiàn)階段定價(jià)機(jī)制,針對(duì)天然氣行業(yè)上中下游不同的特點(diǎn)和運(yùn)營(yíng)模式,給出了向市場(chǎng)定價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)變的市場(chǎng)培育過程和具體實(shí)施策略,以期逐步改善行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)定價(jià)。 3、通過實(shí)證分析研究天然氣價(jià)格變動(dòng)的傳導(dǎo)效應(yīng)。在Granger因果檢驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,通過VAR模型的構(gòu)建探索天然氣價(jià)格傳導(dǎo)效應(yīng)及價(jià)格波動(dòng)對(duì)各經(jīng)濟(jì)變量的影響程度,進(jìn)而為天然氣價(jià)格改革的制定和實(shí)施力度等提供參考意見,這是以前研究所忽略的。
[Abstract]:Developing low - carbon economy and changing the way of economic development is the inevitable requirement of our country ' s economy to realize the scientific development and sustainable development . The reform of the pricing mechanism of natural gas is a complex system engineering , which requires many aspects such as adjustment of industry structure . At present , the timing of the reform of the natural gas pricing mechanism is mature , and the reform thought of the pricing mechanism of natural gas in the future has been clarified . In view of the present situation of the reform of the natural gas pricing mechanism , the paper constructs a theoretical model of the natural gas pricing mechanism . The main conclusions are as follows : 1 . The direction of the reform of the pricing mechanism of natural gas is the market pricing . The idea of reform is to relax the conditions of admission in the upstream production area of natural gas , introduce the competition mechanism , strengthen the regulation of the government to the medium - tourism , implement third - party registration system , cultivate the downstream market of diversified competition , and realize the healthy and orderly development of the natural gas terminal market . 2 . The implementation of " third - party access system " of natural gas pipe network can effectively introduce competition , improve the bargaining power of the downstream market of natural gas under the condition of guaranteeing the supply safety , further guarantee the interests of the users , and help to improve the overall efficiency of the natural gas supply chain , which is of great significance to the development of the whole natural gas industry . 3 . The empirical analysis of the effect of the fluctuation of the price of natural gas shows that the fluctuation of the price of natural gas can affect the national economy and the people ' s life . The innovation of this article lies in : 1 . Based on the basic principle and method of game theory , a system analysis model of natural gas pricing mechanism in the future market conditions is constructed . The model covers the comparison and analysis of different reform ideas in the future gas industry , middle and downstream pricing mechanisms . 2 . This paper is not limited to the short - term reform measures , but on the basis of the current pricing mechanism , aiming at the different characteristics and operation modes of the upstream and downstream of the natural gas industry , the paper gives the market cultivation process and the specific implementation strategy for the transformation of market pricing , with a view to gradually improving the industry structure and realizing the market pricing . 3 . The effect of natural gas price fluctuation is studied through empirical analysis . The influence degree of gas price conduction effect and price fluctuation on economic variables is explored through VAR model .

【學(xué)位授予單位】:天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:F426.22;F726

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