發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-19 12:06

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 質(zhì)量安全 監(jiān)管 激勵(lì)相容 系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自改革開放至今,我國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平不斷提高,城鄉(xiāng)居民飲食結(jié)構(gòu)逐步發(fā)生改變,非主糧型的食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求量在食物需求量中的比重逐步提高,與此同時(shí),公眾對(duì)食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求從數(shù)量安全轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橘|(zhì)量安全。然而,從蘇丹紅雞蛋到孔雀石綠多寶魚、從鹽酸克倫特羅豬肉到吊白塊面粉、從毒到甲醛白菜等事件屢見報(bào)端,食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全問題得到社會(huì)各界空前關(guān)注。從問題發(fā)生的根源來看,其源頭在于食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營環(huán)節(jié),而食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全問題頻頻爆發(fā),說明單純依靠市場調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制這只“無形之手”,無法有效解決食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全問題;而政府有效監(jiān)管,成為確保食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全的最后一道屏障。因而,高效的食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管亦成為公眾的期待。基于以上社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)背景,本研究試圖從理論及實(shí)踐兩個(gè)維度,探討我國食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管的相關(guān)問題,以期為監(jiān)管部門完善監(jiān)管體系、優(yōu)化監(jiān)管路徑提供政策建議。然而,對(duì)食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管問題的研究,首先要厘清監(jiān)管問題的歷史淵源,從理論和實(shí)踐兩方面探討監(jiān)管從何而來、為什么要監(jiān)管,即監(jiān)管的原因分析;其次要定位清楚監(jiān)管的主體及其組成結(jié)構(gòu)是什么,即探討誰來監(jiān)管;再次是明確監(jiān)管存在的問題是什么,問題存在的原因是什么,即探討監(jiān)管低效及其原因;然后是監(jiān)管效率的影響因素有哪些,敏感因素是什么,如何對(duì)監(jiān)管進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,即探討如何高效監(jiān)管。本研究按照“為什么監(jiān)管—監(jiān)管什么—如何監(jiān)管”的研究邏輯,將研究內(nèi)容做一下安排:首先,梳理現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)資料,對(duì)食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品及其質(zhì)量安全問題進(jìn)行分析,目的是為了清晰的界定食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管概念,在此基礎(chǔ)上厘清監(jiān)管的發(fā)展脈絡(luò);其次,在分析食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)監(jiān)管的社會(huì)效果進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,繼而探究監(jiān)管過程中存在的問題,及監(jiān)管低效的原因;再次,采用專家評(píng)議法及公眾調(diào)查法,從專家及公眾視角查找食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管影響因素,并通過系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析方法對(duì)各個(gè)影響因素的作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行模擬分析,探尋對(duì)監(jiān)管具有高靈敏度的影響因素,其目的是為監(jiān)管優(yōu)化提供理論參考;最后,在整個(gè)分析基礎(chǔ)上,提出完善食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管的理論構(gòu)想。基于以上內(nèi)容研究,本研究認(rèn)為:公眾對(duì)目前國內(nèi)食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全政府監(jiān)管的期望值較高。然而,對(duì)政府監(jiān)管效果的認(rèn)可度不高;生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營廠商的“搭便車”傾向,使食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全問題的發(fā)生成為可能;監(jiān)管體系問題的存在,尤其是現(xiàn)行的以行業(yè)內(nèi)政府監(jiān)管為主的被動(dòng)型監(jiān)管模式,使政府監(jiān)管對(duì)食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全問題的屏蔽作用失效,也是造成監(jiān)管低效的主要原因;現(xiàn)行的監(jiān)管模式不能得以有效改進(jìn)的原因在于,在其激勵(lì)不足的情況下,能為監(jiān)管主體的“搭便車”傾向及部門利益最大化的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供機(jī)會(huì)可能;缺乏公眾參與的“社會(huì)共治”,使得食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管增效缺乏機(jī)遇窗口;而監(jiān)管制度為公眾參與監(jiān)管所提供的激勵(lì),不足以彌補(bǔ)公眾放棄“搭便車”所面臨的總效用損失,加之公眾參與監(jiān)管所要突破種種約束條件,致使公眾參與監(jiān)管的動(dòng)力不足,這恰恰又放寬了政府監(jiān)管模式改進(jìn)的條件。此外,基于監(jiān)管主體和公眾視角的食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管影響因素甄別與篩選,發(fā)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營主體、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營環(huán)境、科技水平、政策環(huán)境等因素對(duì)監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)具有一定的敏感性;在食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管的實(shí)踐當(dāng)中,監(jiān)督并強(qiáng)化以生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營主體為主的行業(yè)自律性監(jiān)管是提高政府監(jiān)管效率的關(guān)鍵;對(duì)添加劑、投入品有效監(jiān)管是通過政策、制度進(jìn)行強(qiáng)制性規(guī)制。然而,本研究認(rèn)為,從成本效益的角度來看,政府行政部門監(jiān)管工作的重點(diǎn)不應(yīng)該放在生產(chǎn)源頭,而是應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)控制儲(chǔ)運(yùn)環(huán)節(jié)的合格率,尤其是對(duì)市場環(huán)節(jié)的強(qiáng)化監(jiān)管,這與前人研究的結(jié)果有相左之處;最后,政府監(jiān)管制度的改進(jìn)趨向應(yīng)該是降低公眾維權(quán)成本、提高處理公眾維權(quán)事件的效率、增強(qiáng)公眾參與監(jiān)管的制度激勵(lì)、加強(qiáng)行業(yè)內(nèi)政府監(jiān)管與行業(yè)外政府監(jiān)管的協(xié)調(diào)性、構(gòu)建多元共治的食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管模式。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's social and economic level, continuously improve the diet structure of urban and rural residents gradually changed, the proportion of edible agricultural products demand for non-staple food in the demand gradually increased, at the same time, the public demand for edible agricultural products safety from quantity into quality safety. However, from egg tonyred to malachite green turbot, from the clenbuterol pork to formaldehyde from the toxic formaldehyde into flour, cabbage and other events often found in newspapers, food quality safety problems of agricultural products from all sectors of society unprecedented attention. From the root of the problem occurs, the source is the production and management of agricultural product supply chain, and the safety of edible agricultural products frequently that outbreak, only relying on the market adjustment mechanism of the "invisible hand", can not effectively solve the food quality safety problems of agricultural products; and the government effective supervision, into The last barrier to ensure food quality and safety of agricultural products. Therefore, the edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision, has become the public's expectations. The above social reality based on the background, this study attempts from two dimensions of theory and practice, to explore issues related to edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision of our country, in order to improve the supervision system for the supervision department, to provide policy suggestions to optimize the regulatory path. However, the research on the problem of food quality and safety supervision of agricultural products, the history should first clarify the regulatory problems of supervision from what comes from two aspects of theory and practice, which is why the supervision, analysis of regulatory reasons; secondly what is the positioning of the main clear regulation composition and structure, discusses who is a clear regulatory supervision; again the problem is what, what is the cause of the problems, which is inefficient and the reason of regulation; and Is what factors affect the regulation efficiency, what is a sensitive factor, how to optimize the supervision, discusses how to effective supervision. This research is in accordance with the "regulation - regulation of logic why what how to supervision", will do some research content arrangement: first, combing the existing literature, and the quality of edible agricultural products safety problems are analyzed, the purpose is to define the concept of food quality and safety supervision of agricultural products is clear, on the basis of clarifying the development of supervision; secondly, based on the analysis of food quality and safety supervision of agricultural products on the supervision of the social effects of the empirical analysis, and then explore the problems existing in the regulatory process, reason and inefficient supervision; again, by investigation and expert evaluation method of public law, from the perspective of experts and the public to find the edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision system and the influencing factors Dynamic analysis method to simulate the mechanism of various factors, to explore the influencing factors with high sensitivity on the regulation, the purpose is to provide a theoretical reference for the supervision in the whole optimization; finally, on the basis of the analysis, put forward to perfect the theory of edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision. Based on the above, this study suggests that: the higher value of the public on the current domestic edible agricultural products safety regulation expectations. However, the effect of government regulation on the recognition is not high; the production and operation of manufacturers of the "free rider" tendency, the food quality and safety of agricultural products has become the problem; supervision system problems, especially in the current industry the government supervision of the passive supervision mode, the failure of government regulation shielding effect to the safety of edible agricultural products, the main reason is caused by inefficient supervision now; Not to cause effective supervision mode for improvement is that in the case of lack of motivation, may provide opportunities to maximize the energy regulatory body of the "free rider" tendency and departmental interests; lack of public participation in social governance, the edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision and the lack of opportunity window; the supervision system for public participation in regulatory incentives, enough to make up for the public to give up the "free rider" total utility loss faced, coupled with public participation and supervision to overcome all kinds of constraints, lack of power that the public participation and supervision, which improved the government supervision mode and relaxed conditions. In addition, screening and screening the factors of edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision of the regulatory body and the public based on the perspective of the production management, production and operation environment, the level of science and technology, policy and other factors on the environment The supervision system has certain sensitivity; in the practice of edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision, and strengthen the supervision to the production and operation of the main body of the industry self-discipline supervision is the key to improve the efficiency of government regulation; the additive inputs through effective supervision policy, system of mandatory regulation. However, this study suggests that, from the cost benefit point of view, focus on the supervision of administrative departments of government should not be put in the production source, but should strengthen the qualified rate of storage and transportation, especially on the aspects of this market to strengthen supervision, and the results of previous studies has different places; finally, improving government supervision system should be to reduce the tendency of public cost of rights, improve the efficiency of public rights events, enhance the incentive system of public participation and supervision, strengthen the coordination of industry government regulation and government regulation of the construction industry. Multigovernance edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision mode.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F322
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本文編號(hào)：1444087