基于FPGA的超聲波清石系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-15 13:58
【摘要】：超聲波特有的高定向性、強穿透性、高能量性,使得超聲波在醫(yī)學(xué)的眼科、外科、腫瘤科、牙科、皮膚科、耳鼻喉科等得到廣泛應(yīng)用。國際上,隨著現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)的進ki,超聲清石系統(tǒng)也逐漸朝著高可靠性、高穩(wěn)定性的方向發(fā)展。但是,由于控制技術(shù)積累不足,材料工藝存在若干缺陷,國內(nèi)的超聲清石系統(tǒng)存在碎石效果不佳,超聲手柄和超聲探桿容易損壞的缺陷,不能被國內(nèi)外市場廣泛接受。本課題的目的是從控制方面提升超聲清石系統(tǒng)的性能和可靠性。本課題基于壓電超聲換能器的模型重新設(shè)計了超聲清石系統(tǒng)的控制方案;應(yīng)用PID算法實現(xiàn)了相位差到信號頻率的高速計算,加快了驅(qū)動器輸出信號的頻率跟蹤速度,提升了超聲手柄的輸出功率;應(yīng)用FFT頻譜分析實現(xiàn)超聲換能器的異常工作狀態(tài)檢測,增加了壓電超聲換能器驅(qū)動器的保護功能,有效提高了硬件的可靠性。本文系統(tǒng)地介紹了壓電超聲換能器的原理,并對壓電超聲換能器建立了模型,為其控制方案的設(shè)計打下理論基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)理論分析,為了追求功率輸出最優(yōu)化,信號源輸出信號的頻率需要以最短的時間跟蹤壓電換能器的諧振點,所以控制方案必須滿足高速接口和高速運算兩個基本條件。在若干個控制方案中,本文選擇用片上系統(tǒng)的思想設(shè)計壓電超聲換能器的控制系統(tǒng),即在FPGA內(nèi)部構(gòu)建Nios II軟核,不僅可以根據(jù)子功能的特點靈活選擇高速數(shù)字電路實現(xiàn)方式或者代碼實現(xiàn)方式,將高速和低速有機結(jié)合起來;而且讓系統(tǒng)集成化程度提高,充分利用了資源。本文分兩個章節(jié)從硬件和軟件兩個方面細化并且實現(xiàn)了設(shè)計方案,完成了系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。最后給出了實驗結(jié)果。本課題主要創(chuàng)新點有以下幾點:1.提出基于壓電超聲換能器模型的超聲清石手柄控制方案。2.將改進的PID算法應(yīng)用到超聲清石手柄驅(qū)動領(lǐng)域,極大提高了壓電超聲換能器諧振點匹配速度。3.通過實時監(jiān)測功率和失真度實現(xiàn)了超聲清石手柄的過功率保護和非諧振點保護。
[Abstract]:Ultrasound has been widely used in ophthalmology, surgery, oncology, dentistry, dermatology, otolaryngology and so on because of its high directivity, strong penetration and high energy. Internationally, with the introduction of modern electronic technology, ki, ultrasonic stone cleaning system is gradually developing in the direction of high reliability and high stability. However, due to the lack of control technology accumulation, there are some defects in material technology, the domestic ultrasonic stone cleaning system has poor gravel effect, ultrasonic handle and ultrasonic probe rod are easy to be damaged, which can not be widely accepted by the domestic and foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance and reliability of ultrasonic stone cleaning system from the control aspect. In this paper, the control scheme of ultrasonic stone cleaning system is redesigned based on the model of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, and the high speed calculation of phase difference to signal frequency is realized by using PID algorithm, which accelerates the frequency tracking speed of the output signal of the driver and improves the output power of the ultrasonic handle. FFT spectrum analysis is used to detect the abnormal working state of ultrasonic transducer, which increases the protection function of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer driver and effectively improves the reliability of hardware. In this paper, the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is systematically introduced, and the model of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is established, which lays a theoretical foundation for the design of its control scheme. According to the theoretical analysis, in order to optimize the power output, the frequency of the output signal of the signal source needs to track the resonance point of the piezoelectric transducer in the shortest time, so the control scheme must meet the two basic conditions of high speed interface and high speed operation. In several control schemes, this paper chooses the idea of on-chip system to design the control system of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, that is, to construct Nios II soft core in FPGA, which can not only flexibly select the realization mode of high-speed digital circuit or code according to the characteristics of sub-functions, and combine high speed and low speed organically, but also improve the integration of the system and make full use of resources. This paper is divided into two chapters from the hardware and software two aspects of refinement and implementation of the design, completed the system design. Finally, the experimental results are given. The main innovations of this subject are as follows: 1. A control scheme of ultrasonic stone cleaning handle based on piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer model is proposed. 2. The improved PID algorithm is applied to the driving field of ultrasonic stone cleaning handle, which greatly improves the resonance point matching speed of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. The over-power protection and non-resonant point protection of ultrasonic stone cleaning handle are realized by monitoring power and distortion in real time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB559
[Abstract]:Ultrasound has been widely used in ophthalmology, surgery, oncology, dentistry, dermatology, otolaryngology and so on because of its high directivity, strong penetration and high energy. Internationally, with the introduction of modern electronic technology, ki, ultrasonic stone cleaning system is gradually developing in the direction of high reliability and high stability. However, due to the lack of control technology accumulation, there are some defects in material technology, the domestic ultrasonic stone cleaning system has poor gravel effect, ultrasonic handle and ultrasonic probe rod are easy to be damaged, which can not be widely accepted by the domestic and foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance and reliability of ultrasonic stone cleaning system from the control aspect. In this paper, the control scheme of ultrasonic stone cleaning system is redesigned based on the model of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, and the high speed calculation of phase difference to signal frequency is realized by using PID algorithm, which accelerates the frequency tracking speed of the output signal of the driver and improves the output power of the ultrasonic handle. FFT spectrum analysis is used to detect the abnormal working state of ultrasonic transducer, which increases the protection function of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer driver and effectively improves the reliability of hardware. In this paper, the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is systematically introduced, and the model of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is established, which lays a theoretical foundation for the design of its control scheme. According to the theoretical analysis, in order to optimize the power output, the frequency of the output signal of the signal source needs to track the resonance point of the piezoelectric transducer in the shortest time, so the control scheme must meet the two basic conditions of high speed interface and high speed operation. In several control schemes, this paper chooses the idea of on-chip system to design the control system of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, that is, to construct Nios II soft core in FPGA, which can not only flexibly select the realization mode of high-speed digital circuit or code according to the characteristics of sub-functions, and combine high speed and low speed organically, but also improve the integration of the system and make full use of resources. This paper is divided into two chapters from the hardware and software two aspects of refinement and implementation of the design, completed the system design. Finally, the experimental results are given. The main innovations of this subject are as follows: 1. A control scheme of ultrasonic stone cleaning handle based on piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer model is proposed. 2. The improved PID algorithm is applied to the driving field of ultrasonic stone cleaning handle, which greatly improves the resonance point matching speed of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. The over-power protection and non-resonant point protection of ultrasonic stone cleaning handle are realized by monitoring power and distortion in real time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB559
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 黃家榮;葉曉靖;;壓電陶瓷電特性測試與分析[J];電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用;2016年08期
2 王煒s，
本文編號：2500268
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