【摘要】：在航空航天領域,板殼結(jié)構有著廣泛的應用背景,其形狀控制和振動控制一直是系統(tǒng)設計和工程應用中的重點和難點。當前,利用智能材料對板殼結(jié)構實施有效的主動激勵來抑制振動的方法是一種有效的方法。但傳統(tǒng)的由電、磁信號激發(fā)的智能材料,需要附加復雜的電磁激發(fā)裝置,不利于系統(tǒng)的輕質(zhì)小型化,同時其與激發(fā)裝置之間需要導線連接,易引起電磁噪音干擾,而影響控制信號的傳送準確性和實時性。而新型的鑭改性鋯鈦酸鉛(PLZT)陶瓷,可直接將光能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能,不受電磁干擾的影響,適于在太空環(huán)境下實施非接觸激勵及遠程控制,有著廣闊的應用前景。本文以層合光致伸縮PLZT驅(qū)動器的板和殼結(jié)構為對象,研究其智能振動主動控制技術,對與其相關的驅(qū)動器構型、動力學建模、驅(qū)動器位置優(yōu)化以及單模態(tài)和多模態(tài)智能主動控制方法等幾個方面的問題進行了相應的理論研究。論文的主要工作和創(chuàng)新性成果如下:(1)基于PLZT驅(qū)動器的光-熱-力-電多場耦合本構模型,采用數(shù)值仿真方法分析了影響PLZT驅(qū)動器性能的主要因素;對當前常用的驅(qū)動器構型進行了分析比較,分析指出現(xiàn)有的驅(qū)動器構型在外部光源作用下“只能伸長不能縮短”,因而只能產(chǎn)生單向膜控制力。進一步,提出了兩種能夠產(chǎn)生正負膜控制力的多片組合驅(qū)動器構型,成功地克服了現(xiàn)有驅(qū)動器構型的缺陷,這種構型在曲殼結(jié)構的主動控制中具有明顯的優(yōu)勢,能夠顯著的提高驅(qū)動器的作動效率;(2)基于板殼結(jié)構振動理論,建立了可適用于不同結(jié)構類型、不同幾何參數(shù)的光電層合板殼結(jié)構的通用動力學模型,利用此模型可以進一步推導出層合有光致驅(qū)動器的不同類型板殼結(jié)構,如矩形板、圓柱殼、球殼,錐殼等結(jié)構的系統(tǒng)動力學方程;基于所建立的動力學模型,利用模態(tài)展開技術建立了光電層合板殼結(jié)構的模態(tài)控制方程。(3)結(jié)合PLZT驅(qū)動器切換致動和非線性驅(qū)動的特性,提出了獨立模態(tài)變結(jié)構模糊控制器,與現(xiàn)有的常規(guī)李亞普洛夫控制(常光強控制)和速度反饋控制(變光強控制)相比,該控制器具有兩方面的優(yōu)勢:一方面對光照方向的切換函數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化設計,得到了最優(yōu)光照方向切換函數(shù);另一方面對光強的控制采用量化因子自調(diào)節(jié)模糊控制器,充分考慮了驅(qū)動器的驅(qū)動特性。所提出的控制器綜合了模糊控制與變結(jié)構控制的優(yōu)點,是一種不依賴于系統(tǒng)精確模型的智能控制器,能夠克服驅(qū)動器的非線性驅(qū)動特性,其控制效果明顯優(yōu)于速度反饋控制。(4)結(jié)合算例給出了相應受控模態(tài)在驅(qū)動器位置變化時其模態(tài)控制因子的變化規(guī)律;分析得出了:對于確定的模態(tài),存在一個或多個極值區(qū)域;在該區(qū)域,驅(qū)動器產(chǎn)生的模態(tài)控制因子幅值明顯大于其他貼片區(qū)域;而且,隨著模態(tài)半波數(shù)的變化,極值區(qū)域的分布會發(fā)生變化。進一步,為了實現(xiàn)對多個受控模態(tài)的振動同時進行抑制,需要將驅(qū)動器粘貼在能夠?qū)λ惺芸啬B(tài)都產(chǎn)生盡可能大的模態(tài)因子的位置,為此,提出了以受控模態(tài)控制力因子的絕對值之和為優(yōu)化函數(shù)及以驅(qū)動器的位置坐標為優(yōu)化變量的板殼結(jié)構的多模態(tài)振動驅(qū)動器位置遺傳優(yōu)化算法,并結(jié)合本文提出的多片組合驅(qū)動器構型對板殼結(jié)構的驅(qū)動器位置進行了優(yōu)化設計,計算得到了板殼結(jié)構在相應驅(qū)動器構型下的驅(qū)動器優(yōu)化布片位置。(5)針對光電層合板殼結(jié)構的多模態(tài)主動控制問題,提出了最優(yōu)模糊主動控制算法,該算法是由當前成熟的LQR控制與模糊控制組合而成,在算法設計過程中將結(jié)構系統(tǒng)控制和驅(qū)動器控制分開考慮,設計步驟分為兩步:首先基于簡化的線性系統(tǒng)模型設計LQR控制律,然后通過模糊控制器調(diào)節(jié)光電驅(qū)動器的輸入光強使其輸出的光致應變逼近最優(yōu)控制量。該方法解決了當前光電層合系統(tǒng)不能直接應用線性系統(tǒng)控制方法的矛盾,通過將一個復雜的問題進行分解簡化了控制器的設計,實現(xiàn)了光電層合板殼結(jié)構的多模態(tài)主動控制。結(jié)合該算法,通過仿真對比,對本文提出的多模態(tài)驅(qū)動器位置優(yōu)化準則函數(shù)的合理性進行了驗證。(6)將驅(qū)動器和結(jié)構系統(tǒng)作為整體考慮,提出了模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡控制(FNNC)和自組織模糊滑�？刂�(SOFSMC)等兩種多模態(tài)主動控制算法。提出的FNNC主動控制算法綜合了模糊控制和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡控制的優(yōu)點,為了簡化系統(tǒng),所提出的模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡基于RBF網(wǎng)絡,并采用兩輸入單輸出結(jié)構。然而,在多模態(tài)振動問題中,控制變量的個數(shù)要多于控制器的輸入個數(shù),為了解決這一問題,參考欠驅(qū)動控制理論中所采用的二級滑模面思想,首先以各受控模態(tài)的位移和它們的速度信號線性組合構成各模態(tài)的一級滑模函數(shù),然后將所有一級滑模函數(shù)進行線性組合構成二級滑模函數(shù);最后將二級滑模函數(shù)和它的導數(shù)作為FNNC的輸入變量。所提出的FNNC主動控制器不依賴于系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學模型,具有模糊規(guī)則和隸屬度函數(shù)在線學習能力。(7)提出的SOFSMC主動振動控制算法通過引入二級滑模函數(shù),降低了系統(tǒng)的控制階數(shù),簡化了模糊控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構;通過引入自組織學習算法實現(xiàn)了控制器規(guī)則的在線學習,克服了常規(guī)模糊滑�？刂破饕蕾囅到y(tǒng)規(guī)則的缺點;系統(tǒng)控制中模糊滑模的使用柔化了控制信號,避免了一般滑模控制的抖振現(xiàn)象;采用了單值模糊規(guī)則參數(shù),這種單值模糊規(guī)則參數(shù)可以通過自組織學習算法進行自動調(diào)節(jié);所使用的自組織學習算法與當前公開報道的文獻是不相同的,其是依據(jù)光電層合結(jié)構多模態(tài)振動系統(tǒng)線性自回歸平滑模型推導得到的新的自組織學習算法。為了驗證所提出的智能主動控制算法的有效性,結(jié)合板殼結(jié)構的多模態(tài)主動控制算例進行了仿真。
[Abstract]:In the field of aeronautics and astronautics, the shell structure has a wide application background, and its shape control and vibration control have been the key and difficult point in the system design and engineering application. At present, the method for suppressing the vibration by using the intelligent material to implement effective active excitation to the plate shell structure is an effective method. But the traditional intelligent material excited by the electric and magnetic signals needs to be added with a complex electromagnetic excitation device, which is not beneficial to the light miniaturization of the system, and meanwhile, a wire connection is required between the intelligent material and the excitation device, so that the electromagnetic noise interference can be easily caused, and the transmission accuracy and the real-time property of the control signal are influenced. The new type of modified lead titanate (PLZT) ceramic can directly convert light energy into mechanical energy, and is not affected by electromagnetic interference. It is suitable for non-contact excitation and remote control in space environment, and has wide application prospect. In this paper, based on the plate and shell structure of the layer-based telescopic PLZT driver, the intelligent vibration active control technology is studied, and its related drive configuration and dynamic modeling are studied. The problems of drive position optimization, single mode and multi-mode intelligent active control method are studied in this paper. The main work and innovative achievements of the paper are as follows: (1) Based on the light-thermal-force-electric multi-field coupling constitutive model of the PLZT driver, the main factors that influence the performance of the PLZT driver are analyzed by the numerical simulation method; and compared with the current common driver configuration, The analysis indicates that the current driver configuration is "can only be stretched and cannot be shortened" under the action of an external light source, and thus the one-way film control force can only be generated. Furthermore, two kinds of combined drive configurations which can produce positive and negative film control force are put forward, and the defects of the existing drive configuration are successfully overcome, and the configuration has obvious advantages in the active control of the curved shell structure, and can obviously improve the operation efficiency of the driver; (2) Based on the vibration theory of the plate-shell structure, a general-purpose dynamic model of the shell structure of the photovoltaic laminated plate which can be applied to the types of different structures and different geometric parameters is established, and different types of plate-shell structures such as rectangular plates, The system dynamics equation of the structure of the cylindrical shell, the spherical shell, the cone shell and the like is solved, and the mode control equation of the shell structure of the photoelectric laminated plate is established by means of the mode expansion technology based on the established kinetic model. (3) In combination with the characteristics of the PLZT driver switching and non-linear driving, the independent mode variable structure fuzzy controller is proposed. Compared with the conventional conventional Lyapunov control (constant light intensity control) and speed feedback control (variable light intensity control), the controller has two advantages: On the one hand, the optimal design of the switching function of the light direction is optimized, and the optimal illumination direction switching function is obtained; on the other hand, the self-adjusting fuzzy controller of the quantization factor is adopted for controlling the light intensity, and the driving characteristics of the driver are fully taken into account. The proposed controller has the advantages of fuzzy control and variable structure control. It is a kind of intelligent controller which does not depend on the precise model of the system, can overcome the nonlinear drive characteristic of the driver, and the control effect is obviously superior to the speed feedback control. (4) The variation law of the mode control factors of the corresponding controlled modes in the drive position is given in the paper. The results are as follows: for the determined mode, there are one or more extreme regions; in this region, And the amplitude of the mode control factor generated by the driver is obviously larger than that of the other patch areas, and the distribution of the extreme region can change as the mode half-wave number is changed. Further, in order to achieve the simultaneous suppression of the vibrations of the plurality of controlled modalities, it is necessary to attach the drive to a position capable of generating as large a modal factor as possible for all of the controlled modalities, for this purpose, The invention provides a multi-modal vibration driver position genetic optimization algorithm based on the sum of the absolute value of the controlled mode control force factor as an optimization function and the plate shell structure with the position coordinate of the driver as an optimization variable, And the drive position of the plate shell structure is optimized and designed in combination with the multi-piece combination driver configuration set forth herein, and the position of the driver in the corresponding driver configuration of the plate shell structure is calculated. (5) The optimal fuzzy active control algorithm is proposed for the multi-mode active control of the shell structure of the laminated plate. The algorithm is composed of the current mature LQR control and the fuzzy control, and the control of the structure and the control of the driver are taken into account during the design of the algorithm. The design step is divided into two steps: firstly, designing the LQR control law based on the simplified linear system model, and then adjusting the input light intensity of the photoelectric driver by the fuzzy controller to approximate the optimal control amount of the light-induced strain output by the photoelectric driver. The method solves the contradiction that the current photoelectric lamination system cannot directly apply the control method of the linear system, simplifies the design of the controller by decomposing a complex problem, and realizes the multi-mode active control of the shell structure of the photoelectric laminated plate. In this paper, the rationality of the multi-modal drive position optimization criterion function proposed in this paper is verified by simulation and comparison. (6) As a whole, two kinds of multi-mode active control algorithms such as fuzzy neural network control (FNNC) and self-organizing fuzzy sliding mode control (SOFSMC) are put forward. The proposed FNNC active control algorithm has the advantages of fuzzy control and neural network control. In order to simplify the system, the proposed fuzzy neural network is based on the RBF network and adopts two input single-output structures. However, in the multi-modal vibration problem, the number of control variables is more than the number of input of the controller, First, the first-order sliding mode function of each mode is formed by linear combination of the displacement of each controlled mode and their velocity signals, and then all the first-level sliding mode functions are linearly combined to form a two-level sliding mode function; and finally, the second-order sliding mode function and the derivative thereof are used as input variables of the FNNC. The proposed FNNC active controller does not rely on the mathematical model of the system, and has the online learning ability of the fuzzy rule and the membership function. (7) The proposed SOFSMC active vibration control algorithm reduces the control order of the system by introducing the two-stage sliding mode function, simplifies the structure of the fuzzy control system, and realizes on-line learning of the controller rule by introducing the self-organizing learning algorithm, The defect that the conventional fuzzy sliding mode controller relies on the system rule is overcome, the use of the fuzzy sliding mode in the system control is flexible to control the signal, the chattering phenomenon of the general sliding mode control is avoided, and the single-value fuzzy rule parameter is adopted, this single-valued fuzzy rule parameter can be automatically adjusted by the self-organizing learning algorithm; the self-organizing learning algorithm used is not the same as the currently reported document, Which is a new self-organizing learning algorithm based on the linear self-regression smoothing model of the multi-modal vibration system of the photoelectric laminated structure. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent active control algorithm, the multi-modal active control example of the plate-shell structure is simulated.
【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB535.1

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