【摘要】：在制冷系統(tǒng)中，制冷劑經(jīng)過(guò)節(jié)流裝置后，變成氣液兩相狀態(tài)流入蒸發(fā)器。制冷劑能否均勻等量地分配到蒸發(fā)器的各個(gè)支路，對(duì)蒸發(fā)器的性能乃至整個(gè)制冷系統(tǒng)都有至關(guān)重要的影響。分液器是一個(gè)重要的輔助裝置，使用于蒸發(fā)器前，將氣液兩相的制冷劑均勻地分配到蒸發(fā)器各個(gè)支路的裝置。 經(jīng)過(guò)大量的實(shí)地調(diào)研和查閱分液器相關(guān)專利和文獻(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有分液器在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中仍然存在分配不均導(dǎo)致?lián)Q熱效率下降、出風(fēng)溫度不均影響舒適度等問(wèn)題。在此基礎(chǔ)上，測(cè)試了多種不同分配機(jī)理的分液器的性能，并且研究了質(zhì)量流量、干度等工作條件、幾何結(jié)構(gòu)以及安裝傾斜角和毛細(xì)管等對(duì)其分配均勻造成影響的因素。建立了分液器仿真模型，通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行分析，提出優(yōu)化方案。優(yōu)化后模型最終通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。論文主要內(nèi)容如下： 一、搭建分液器性能測(cè)試平臺(tái)，可以測(cè)量分液器出口每條支路的質(zhì)量流量及干度。對(duì)于壓降型、離心式和儲(chǔ)液式分液器，分別對(duì)兩種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的樣件進(jìn)行測(cè)試，，對(duì)比了三種分液器的分配均勻性、壓降等信息，并且在實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上分析了質(zhì)量流量、入口干度等工作條件對(duì)分液器分配特性的影響。 二、通過(guò)流體計(jì)算軟件FLUENT建立仿真模型，基于Eulerian-Eulerian分析方法，模擬分液器內(nèi)部流動(dòng)狀況以及均勻分配機(jī)理。對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，CFD仿真值質(zhì)量流量偏差在15%以內(nèi)，說(shuō)明CFD能準(zhǔn)確模擬分液器分配特性。通過(guò)CFD模擬計(jì)算，后處理分析其內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)（相分布、壓力分布、速度場(chǎng)），研究影響三種分液機(jī)理的分液器的關(guān)鍵尺寸參數(shù)對(duì)性能的影響。 三、相比壓降式和離心式分液器，儲(chǔ)液式分液器性能受到質(zhì)量流量和干度以及安裝角度變化的影響較小，而且結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，具有深入研究的價(jià)值。文章使用田口方法，對(duì)直徑、高度以及入口管直徑等重要參數(shù)進(jìn)行了分析和優(yōu)化。通過(guò)CFD計(jì)算了九個(gè)不同參數(shù)正交排布的模型，深入分析影響其分配性能的原因并提出優(yōu)化方案，設(shè)計(jì)了性能最優(yōu)的分液器。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試了優(yōu)化后的分液器，驗(yàn)證了上述分析。 四、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了安裝傾斜角度和毛細(xì)管長(zhǎng)度對(duì)分液器分配均勻性的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)比，分析了質(zhì)量流量、干度對(duì)安裝角度和毛細(xì)管長(zhǎng)度變化引起的分配不均程度的影響�；贛atlab，建立了分液器數(shù)值計(jì)算模型，定量地分析了毛細(xì)管長(zhǎng)度對(duì)分液器制冷劑分配的影響，并且通過(guò)與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)比，驗(yàn)證了其準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:In the refrigeration system, the refrigerant flows into the evaporator when the refrigerant passes through the throttling device and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state. Whether refrigerant can be evenly distributed to each branch of the evaporator is of great importance to the performance of the evaporator and even to the whole refrigeration system. The distributor is an important auxiliary device, which distributes the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant evenly to each branch of the evaporator in front of the evaporator. Through a large number of field investigation and review of relevant patents and literatures, it is found that there are still some problems in the practical application of existing separators, such as the reduction of heat transfer efficiency caused by uneven distribution, and the influence of uneven outlet temperature on comfort and so on. On this basis, the performance of the splitter with different distribution mechanisms is tested. The working conditions such as mass flow rate, dry degree, geometric structure, installation inclination angle and capillary tube are studied to influence the distribution uniformity. The simulation model of the separator is established, and the optimization scheme is put forward through the analysis of the mathematical method. Finally, the optimized model is verified by experiments. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the performance test platform of the divider can be built to measure the mass flow rate and dry degree of each branch at the outlet of the splitter. For the pressure drop type, centrifugal type and liquid storage type separators, the samples with two different structures are tested, and the distribution uniformity and pressure drop information of the three separators are compared, and the mass flow rate is analyzed on the basis of the experiment, and the distribution uniformity and pressure drop of the three kinds of separators are compared, and the mass flow rate is analyzed on the basis of the experiment. The influence of working conditions such as inlet dryness on the distribution characteristics of the separator. Secondly, the simulation model is established by the fluid calculation software FLUENT. Based on the Eulerian-Eulerian analysis method, the internal flow state and the uniform distribution mechanism of the separator are simulated. Compared with the experimental results, the mass flow deviation of the CFD simulation value is less than 15%, which indicates that CFD can accurately simulate the distribution characteristics of the splitter. The internal flow field (phase distribution, pressure distribution, velocity field) was analyzed by CFD simulation, and the influence of the key size parameters on the performance of the separator was studied. Thirdly, compared with the pressure drop type and centrifugal separator, the performance of the liquid storage separator is less affected by the change of mass flow rate, dry degree and installation angle, and the structure is simple, so it has the value of in-depth study. In this paper, Taguchi method is used to analyze and optimize the important parameters such as diameter, height and diameter of inlet pipe. The orthogonal arrangement model of nine different parameters is calculated by CFD. The reasons that affect its distribution performance are analyzed deeply and the optimization scheme is put forward. The optimal hydraulic divider is designed. The optimized splitter is tested by experiment, and the above analysis is verified. Fourthly, the effects of installation tilt angle and capillary length on the distribution uniformity of the separator are studied experimentally. The influence of mass flow rate and dry degree on the distribution unevenness caused by the change of installation angle and capillary length was analyzed. The numerical calculation model of the separator based on Matlab, is established, and the effect of capillary length on refrigerant distribution in the separator is analyzed quantitatively. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing with the experimental results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB657

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