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碳納米管場發(fā)射技術及電真空器件研究

發(fā)布時間:2019-03-31 14:00
【摘要】:碳納米管(CNT)場發(fā)射電真空器件應用的技術關鍵是研制穩(wěn)定長壽命的陰極(電子源)。目前制備CNT陰極比較常用的有兩種方法,即表面沉積催化金屬納米膜的化學氣相沉積(CVD)原位法和使用固化材料將CNT附著在表面的間接法。受制備技術的限制,上述兩種方法都有一些由表面結合特征引發(fā)的固有缺陷,導致在不同熱環(huán)境下長期工作,過渡金屬(固化材料)與基底間的結合處發(fā)生錯位,致使CNT薄膜脫落,影響壽命和真空性能。因此,CNT層與基底的結合性能是制約催化膜法和間接法CNT陰極應用的中心問題。 本文采用熱化學氣相沉積法(CVD)在金屬基底上直接制備碳納米管陰極,然后將其制作成簡潔的真空計。主要內容有: (1)采用CVD法按照以下生長條件:生長溫度為750℃、流量比C2H2:Ar=15:200、生長時間為10min、生長壓力為10Torr,,在含過度催化金屬的哈氏合金片、鎳片、不銹鋼片和哈氏合金網(wǎng)材質的金屬基底上直接沉積碳納米管。此工藝既免去在基底沉積催化金屬納米膜的繁瑣工藝、又實現(xiàn)碳管與基底的強附著; (2)應用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)和高分辨透射電子顯微鏡(HRTEM)對碳納米管陰極進行了形貌結構分析表征,發(fā)現(xiàn)哈氏合金片上的碳納米管分布均勻、密度適中,制備的碳納米管為多壁碳納米管(MWNTs),管徑約為15nm,且管內含多金屬(鎳、鐵、鉻等)納米顆粒(直徑約為6nm); (3)采用二極式場發(fā)射結構對不同金屬基底的碳納米管陰極進行場發(fā)射表征,發(fā)現(xiàn)哈氏合金片最優(yōu)(開啟電場為3.15V/um,閾值電場為5.94V/um,場增強因子為1900,以4.2mA/cm2發(fā)射20h沒有衰減);采用三極式場發(fā)射結構對哈氏合金片和哈氏合金網(wǎng)基底的碳納米管陰極進行測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)哈氏合金片的透過率明顯優(yōu)于哈氏合金網(wǎng)的透過率,可達0.61,接近物理透過率0.77; (4)研制了基于氣體吸附原理的二極式場發(fā)射結構的電真空器件—MWNTs場發(fā)射真空計,該真空計在10-8-10-4Pa的空氣環(huán)境氛圍下具有較高的靈敏度; (5)與蘭州空間技術物理研究所合作,試制了基于IE514電離真空計的CNT場發(fā)射電離真空計,該真空計在壓力為10-6-3.0×10-4pa時顯示出了良好的線性。
[Abstract]:The key technology for the application of carbon nanotubes (CNT) field emission vacuum devices is to develop a stable and long-life cathode (electron source). At present, there are two commonly used methods to prepare CNT cathode, that is, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for surface deposition of catalytic metal nano-films, and indirect method for adhesion of CNT to the surface by means of solidifying materials. Because of the limitation of the preparation technology, both methods have some inherent defects caused by the surface bonding characteristics, which lead to the dislocation of the junction between transition metal (solidified material) and substrate under different thermal conditions for a long time. CNT thin films fall off, affecting the life and vacuum properties. Therefore, the binding performance of CNT layer to substrate is a central problem which restricts the application of catalytic membrane and indirect CNT cathodes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cathodes were prepared directly on metal substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and then made into simple vacuum gauges. The main contents are as follows: (1) according to the following growth conditions by CVD method: the growth temperature is 750C, the flow rate ratio is C2H2AAR 15 渭 200, the growth time is 10 min, the growth pressure is 10 Torr, and the growth conditions are as follows: 1. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are deposited directly on metal substrates made of stainless steel sheet and Harley alloy mesh. This process not only eliminates the cumbersome process of depositing catalytic metal nanomembrane on the substrate, but also realizes the strong adhesion between the carbon tube and the substrate. (2) the morphology and structure of CNTs cathode were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The prepared carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs),) with a diameter of about 15 nm, and polymetallic (nickel, iron, chromium, etc.) nanoparticles (about 6nm in diameter) in the tubes. (3) the field emission of carbon nanotube cathodes with different metal substrates was characterized by the bipolar field emission structure. It was found that the optimal field emission was 3.15V 路V ~ (- 1) and 5.94 V ~ (?) 路m ~ (- 1), respectively. The field enhancement factor is 1900, and there is no attenuation in 4.2mA/cm2 emission for 20 h. Using the tripolar field emission structure, the carbon nanotube cathodes of the alloy sheet and the alloy mesh substrate were tested. It is found that the transmittance of the alloy sheet is obviously better than that of the alloy mesh, which is up to 0.61, and the transmission rate of the alloy plate is higher than that of the alloy mesh. Near physical transmittance of 0.77; (4) an electrovacuum device-MWNTs field emission vacuum gauge based on the principle of gas adsorption is developed. The vacuum gauge has high sensitivity in the air environment of 10-8-10-4Pa. (5) in cooperation with Lanzhou Institute of Space Technology Physics, a CNT field emission ionization vacuum gauge based on IE514 ionization vacuum gauge has been developed. The vacuum gauge shows good linearity when the pressure is 10-3.0 脳 10-4pa.
【學位授予單位】:溫州大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:TB383.1;TB77

【共引文獻】

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