【摘要】：通過振動臺實(shí)驗(yàn),我們可以研究結(jié)構(gòu)試件的振動位移等信息。通過分析位移信息得到其抗震性能。檢測結(jié)構(gòu)試件的特征點(diǎn)作為物體測試的特定點(diǎn),其位移、速度、加速度、撓度等運(yùn)動參數(shù)是實(shí)驗(yàn)所要得到的數(shù)據(jù)。而本文的重點(diǎn)在于檢測特征點(diǎn)的位移變化,通過對位移變化曲線的分析,來判斷結(jié)構(gòu)試件是否發(fā)生了變形。本文主要研究了視覺技術(shù)應(yīng)用于結(jié)構(gòu)位移檢測的現(xiàn)狀以及發(fā)展趨勢。了解了振動臺試驗(yàn)的位移檢測的基本理論,主要包括數(shù)字圖像的成像原理及其表現(xiàn)形式與特征、圖像用于測量工作時所涉及的坐標(biāo)系、圖像預(yù)處理的相關(guān)算法、目標(biāo)點(diǎn)的定位以及相機(jī)標(biāo)定算法。提出了基于雙目立體視覺技術(shù)的振動臺試驗(yàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)試件位移測量的算法,并對該算法的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)做了具體的研究。其核心內(nèi)容包括,1)本文采用基于圓形陣列組成的標(biāo)定板與張氏標(biāo)定算法對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行標(biāo)定。2)通過基于彩色空間轉(zhuǎn)換與Hough變換檢測直線,降低了直線漏檢率。再根據(jù)Harris角點(diǎn)檢測算法得到圖像的特征點(diǎn),通過控制閾值來控制角點(diǎn)的數(shù)目和質(zhì)量。3)本文研究了特征點(diǎn)匹配的約束條件以及sift特征描述子,采用基于極線約束的雙向匹配算法進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)匹配,得到較好的結(jié)果。研究了雙目視覺測量位移的原理。并將其應(yīng)用于結(jié)構(gòu)試件位移檢測中。本文重點(diǎn)研究了雙目視覺系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)定、特征點(diǎn)的檢測及匹配。通過設(shè)計(jì)靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了本文算法的可行性,再將此算法應(yīng)用到振動臺的動態(tài)試驗(yàn)中,得到結(jié)構(gòu)試件的動態(tài)位移曲線。針對本文提出的測量方法,設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的動、靜態(tài)兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,并在我校的振動臺實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)。首先通過靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證本文算法測量的可行性以及測量精度。然后進(jìn)行了正弦波激勵實(shí)驗(yàn),并通過本文算法計(jì)算結(jié)構(gòu)試件特征點(diǎn)的位移,得到的位移曲線基本與正弦激勵信號變化趨勢是一致的。
[Abstract]:Through the shaking table experiment, we can study the vibration displacement and other information of the structural specimen. The seismic performance is obtained by analyzing the displacement information. The movement parameters such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, deflection and so on are the data to be obtained by testing the characteristic points of the structural specimens as the special points of the object test. The emphasis of this paper is to detect the displacement change of the characteristic points and to judge the deformation of the structural specimen by analyzing the curve of the displacement change. This paper mainly studies the present situation and development trend of the application of visual technology in structural displacement detection. In this paper, the basic theory of displacement detection in shaking table test is understood, including the imaging principle of digital image, the form and characteristics of digital image, the coordinate system involved in the measurement work of the image, and the related algorithm of image pre-processing. Target location and camera calibration algorithm. An algorithm based on binocular stereo vision for measuring the displacement of structural specimen in shaking table test is presented and the key technology of the algorithm is studied in detail. The core contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the calibration algorithm based on circular array is used to calibrate the system. 2) through color space conversion and Hough transform to detect straight line, the detection rate of straight line is reduced. 2) the calibration board based on circular array and Zhang's calibration algorithm are used to calibrate the system. Then the feature points of the image are obtained according to the Harris corner detection algorithm, and the number and quality of the corners are controlled by the control threshold. 3) in this paper, the constraint conditions of feature point matching and the sift feature descriptor are studied. Two-way matching algorithm based on polar constraint is used for experimental matching, and good results are obtained. The principle of measuring displacement with binocular vision is studied. It is applied to the displacement detection of structural specimens. This paper focuses on the calibration of binocular vision system, the detection and matching of feature points. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is verified by the static test. Then the dynamic displacement curve of the structural specimen is obtained by applying the algorithm to the dynamic test of the vibration table. In view of the measurement method proposed in this paper, the corresponding dynamic and static experimental schemes are designed, and the experiments are carried out in the shaking table laboratory of our school. First of all, the feasibility and accuracy of this algorithm are verified by static test. Then the sinusoidal excitation experiment is carried out and the displacement of the characteristic points of the structural specimen is calculated by this algorithm. The displacement curve obtained is basically consistent with the changing trend of the sinusoidal excitation signal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41;TB534.2

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