【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的飛速發(fā)展,城市規(guī)劃及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)及能源利用評(píng)估、軍事偵察和目標(biāo)精確打擊等多種民事和軍事應(yīng)用對(duì)三維城市建模的性能要求越來越高。由于建筑物是三維城市模型中的最主要目標(biāo),利用遙感成像數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)現(xiàn)大范圍建筑物三維建模所需信息(即建筑物三維空間信息)提取的相關(guān)研究一直是相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。其中,遙感光學(xué)圖像(衛(wèi)星圖像或航拍圖像)是實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑物三維空間信息提取的最主要數(shù)據(jù)源。然而,受到關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)及匹配等技術(shù)的制約,遙感光學(xué)圖像建筑物三維空間信息提取的效率較低。近年來,隨著機(jī)載激光雷達(dá)(Light Detection And Ranging,LiDAR)技術(shù)的不斷成熟,機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)在建筑物三維空間信息提取方面體現(xiàn)出了與遙感光學(xué)圖像的顯著互補(bǔ)性,通過聯(lián)合遙感光學(xué)圖像和機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)能夠顯著增強(qiáng)建筑物三維空間信息提取的性能。然而,聯(lián)合兩種數(shù)據(jù)源進(jìn)行建筑物三維空間信息提取的相關(guān)研究主要集中于聯(lián)合的方式方法上,而對(duì)兩種數(shù)據(jù)源在面向聯(lián)合建筑物三維空間信息提取的優(yōu)勢(shì)能力挖掘方面的研究還存在很多亟待解決的問題。因此,本文以挖掘兩種數(shù)據(jù)源的優(yōu)勢(shì)能力為手段,以聯(lián)合實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑物三維空間信息的精確可靠提取為目的,分別從多源遙感光學(xué)立體像對(duì)三維空間位置信息提取、機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)建筑物三維空間結(jié)構(gòu)信息復(fù)原、最優(yōu)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)約束的建筑物三維空間信息聯(lián)合提取等方面開展研究工作,并做出了如下幾方面的主要貢獻(xiàn):(1)針對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)的信息表示能力問題,研究了提高遙感光學(xué)圖像和機(jī)載LiDAR點(diǎn)云原始數(shù)據(jù)信息表示能力的方法。其中,在遙感光學(xué)圖像方面,通過設(shè)計(jì)合理的地面控制點(diǎn)選擇方法,提高了光學(xué)圖像相機(jī)模型的三維空間位置信息表示精度;在機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)方面,通過詳細(xì)分析機(jī)載LiDAR系統(tǒng)主要噪聲源在數(shù)據(jù)采集過程中的誤差傳遞,建立了機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)及對(duì)應(yīng)柵格化圖像的隨機(jī)噪聲表示模型,提高了機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)的三維空間結(jié)構(gòu)信息表示能力。(2)針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)光學(xué)圖像三維空間信息提取過程中數(shù)據(jù)要求嚴(yán)格且精度受限的問題,提出了一種基于多源光學(xué)立體像對(duì)的高精度三維空間位置信息提取方法。首先,在廣義最小二乘最優(yōu)加權(quán)理論的指導(dǎo)下,通過詳細(xì)的像素實(shí)際分辨率分析,構(gòu)建了多源光學(xué)立體像對(duì)三維空間信息提取的數(shù)學(xué)模型。在數(shù)學(xué)模型求解階段,由于該模型是一個(gè)觀測(cè)值不平衡的不等精度廣義線性方程組,在迭代求解過程中,提出了利用方差/協(xié)方差分量估計(jì)(Variance/covariance Components Estimation,VCE)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)精度控制的方法,有效提高了三維空間位置信息提取的精度。(3)針對(duì)建筑物屋頂機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)中結(jié)構(gòu)性隨機(jī)誤差對(duì)建筑物三維空間結(jié)構(gòu)信息提取精度和可靠性的影響問題,提出了一種基于結(jié)構(gòu)化稀疏表示的建筑物屋頂機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)三維空間結(jié)構(gòu)信息復(fù)原方法。在機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)柵格化圖像結(jié)構(gòu)性隨機(jī)誤差模型的指導(dǎo)下,通過充分考慮建筑物屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)的稀疏性,提出了一種基于結(jié)構(gòu)化稀疏表示的建筑物屋頂機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)三維空間結(jié)構(gòu)信息復(fù)原框架,并給出了該框架的幾種典型實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,有效實(shí)現(xiàn)了原始建筑物機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)三維空間結(jié)構(gòu)信息的復(fù)原,為實(shí)現(xiàn)精確可靠的建筑物三維空間信息提取奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。(4)針對(duì)建筑物三維空間結(jié)構(gòu)信息提取時(shí),遙感光學(xué)圖像受陰影及復(fù)雜環(huán)境細(xì)節(jié)信息影響嚴(yán)重,LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)提取階躍特征/邊緣定位不夠精確且結(jié)構(gòu)信息提取不夠穩(wěn)定的問題。提出了一種分級(jí)能量最小化的建筑物屋頂機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)全局最優(yōu)平面分割方法,聯(lián)合遙感光學(xué)圖像的邊緣信息可實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑物頂面拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的精確穩(wěn)定提取,保證了最終提取三維空間信息的精確性和穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy, the rapid development of the society, the construction of urban planning and infrastructure, the assessment of environmental monitoring and energy utilization, the military reconnaissance and the accurate target of the target, the performance requirements of the three-dimensional urban modeling are getting higher and higher. Because the building is the main goal in the three-dimensional city model, the research on the information of the three-dimensional modeling of large-scale buildings (that is, the three-dimensional space information of the building) has been a hot topic in the relevant fields. The remote sensing optical image (satellite image or aerial image) is the most important data source for the information extraction of three-dimensional space of the building. However, the efficiency of the three-dimensional spatial information extraction of the remote sensing optical image building is low due to the technical constraints such as the detection and matching of the key structures. In recent years, with the development of the technology of the airborne lidar (LiDAR), the airborne LiDAR data has shown remarkable complementarity with the remote sensing optical image in the three-dimensional space information extraction of the building. Through the combined remote sensing optical image and on-board LiDAR data, the performance of the three-dimensional spatial information extraction of the building can be significantly enhanced. However, the research of three-dimensional spatial information extraction with two data sources is mainly focused on the joint mode method, and there are many problems to be solved in the research of the advantages of the two data sources in the three-dimensional space information extraction of the joint building. Therefore, in order to realize the accurate and reliable extraction of the three-dimensional space information of the building, the three-dimensional space structure information of the airborne LiDAR data building is recovered by combining the advantages of the two data sources as a means to realize the accurate and reliable extraction of the three-dimensional space information of the building, The research work is carried out in three-dimensional space information of the building with the optimal topological structure constraint, and the main contribution of the following aspects is made: (1) the ability problem is expressed for the information of the original data, The method of improving the information representation ability of the original data of the remote sensing optical image and the airborne LiDAR point cloud is studied. in that aspect of the remote sensing optical image, by designing a reasonable ground control point selection method, the three-dimensional space position information representation accuracy of the optical image camera model is improved; and in the aspect of airborne LiDAR data, Based on the detailed analysis of the error transfer of the main noise source of the airborne LiDAR system in the data acquisition process, the airborne LiDAR data and the random noise representation model corresponding to the rasterized image are established, and the three-dimensional space structure information representation capability of the on-board LiDAR data is improved. (2) A high-precision three-dimensional space position information extraction method based on multi-source optical stereo image pair is proposed for the problem of strict and limited data requirement in the traditional three-dimensional spatial information extraction process of the optical image. First, under the guidance of the generalized least-squares optimal weighting theory, the mathematical model of the three-dimensional spatial information extraction of the multi-source optical stereo image is constructed by the detailed analysis of the actual resolution of the pixels. In the solution phase of the mathematical model, because the model is a non-equal-precision generalized linear system with the unbalance of an observation value, the method for realizing the precision control by using the variance/ covariance component estimation (VCE) technology is put forward in the iterative solution process. And the accuracy of the three-dimensional space position information extraction is effectively improved. (3) In view of the influence of the structural random error on the information extraction precision and reliability of the three-dimensional space structure of the building, a method for restoring the structure information of the on-board LiDAR data in the building roof based on the structured sparse representation is presented. under the guidance of the on-board LiDAR data rasterized image structural random error model, the structure information recovery framework of the on-board LiDAR data three-dimensional space structure of a building roof based on a structured sparse representation is proposed by taking full consideration of the sparsity of the building roof structure, In addition, several typical implementation methods of the frame are given, and the restoration of three-dimensional space structure information of the original building on-board LiDAR data is effectively realized, and a solid foundation is laid for realizing the accurate and reliable three-dimensional spatial information extraction of the building. And (4) when the three-dimensional spatial structure information of a building is extracted, the remote sensing optical image is affected by shadow and complex environment detail information, and the LiDAR data extraction step characteristic/ edge positioning is not accurate and the structure information extraction is not stable enough. A global optimal plane segmentation method for the on-board LiDAR data of a building roof with minimum classification energy is proposed, and the edge information of the combined remote sensing optical image can be used for realizing the accurate and stable extraction of the topological structure of the top surface of the building, and the accuracy and the stability of the three-dimensional space information can be finally extracted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP751

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