【摘要】：聲襯作為一種噪聲控制的有效手段,具有安裝方便、價(jià)格低廉、高頻吸聲系數(shù)高等顯著優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛地應(yīng)用在飛機(jī)引擎、車輛動(dòng)力艙以及建筑設(shè)計(jì)和工業(yè)設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域中。但傳統(tǒng)聲襯的消聲頻率受材料本身特性、結(jié)構(gòu)制約,消聲范圍較窄,且當(dāng)噪聲源發(fā)生改變時(shí),消聲頻率無法進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),因而研究具有調(diào)頻功能的新型聲襯,具有重要的理論意義與工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。本文在分析現(xiàn)有聲襯的工作原理、聲學(xué)性能的基礎(chǔ)上,針對其無法調(diào)頻的弊端,提出了一種了新型的可調(diào)頻壓電聲襯。首先,基于逆壓電效應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)了具有頸部調(diào)節(jié)、腔體體積調(diào)節(jié)的亥姆霍茲共振器結(jié)構(gòu)。仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,腔體體積可調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)具有頻率偏移范圍大,線性性良好等特點(diǎn)。在對腔體體積可調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種雙級腔體聲襯,理論上分析了影響其共振頻率偏移的因素。之后對多種類型壓電片的進(jìn)行分析測試優(yōu)化,實(shí)驗(yàn)采用的經(jīng)過參數(shù)改進(jìn)后的50mm壓電片,在400V電壓下的位移量為0.5mm。其次,采用LabVIEW軟件分別以傳遞損失和噪聲頻率作為判據(jù)編寫了聲襯系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集、分析和控制程序,并設(shè)計(jì)了與之對應(yīng)的基于光敏電阻的驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓控制電路。測試結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)采集卡輸出電壓為2.1V至4.0V時(shí),驅(qū)動(dòng)電路輸出電壓為0V至400V,實(shí)現(xiàn)了聲襯驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓的自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)。最后,構(gòu)建了聲襯系統(tǒng)的測試裝置。分別加工并測試了35mm普通腔體和50mm雙級腔體壓電聲襯的消聲效果,結(jié)果表明50mm雙級腔體壓電聲襯具有更大的消聲頻帶偏移量,在0V-200V的電壓范圍內(nèi),其消聲頻帶可以實(shí)現(xiàn)約200Hz的偏移。此外還設(shè)計(jì)了自適應(yīng)聲襯控制系統(tǒng),以35mm壓電聲襯為例,其可調(diào)頻范圍為750Hz至782Hz,降噪量可以達(dá)到5dB。研究表明所設(shè)計(jì)的可調(diào)頻壓電聲襯的自適應(yīng)控制系統(tǒng),可以使可調(diào)頻壓電聲襯的消聲頻帶隨著噪聲頻率的變化而偏移,即拓寬了聲襯的消聲頻率范圍。
[Abstract]:As an effective means of noise control, acoustic lining has the advantages of convenient installation, low cost and high frequency sound absorption coefficient. It is widely used in the fields of aircraft engine, vehicle power cabin, architectural design and industrial equipment. However, the silencing frequency of the traditional acoustic lining is restricted by the characteristics and structure of the material itself, and the range of the silencing is narrow, and when the noise source is changed, the anechoic frequency cannot be adjusted, so the new type of acoustic lining with the function of frequency modulation is studied. It has important theoretical significance and practical engineering value. In this paper, based on the analysis of the working principle and acoustic performance of the existing acoustic lining, a new type of adjustable frequency piezoelectric acoustic lining is proposed, aiming at the disadvantage that it can not be modulated. Firstly, a Helmholtz resonator with neck adjustment and cavity volume adjustment is designed based on the inverse piezoelectric effect. The simulation and experimental results show that the cavity volume adjustable structure has the characteristics of large frequency offset range and good linearity. On the basis of optimizing the cavity volume adjustable structure, a kind of two-stage cavity acoustic lining is proposed, and the factors affecting the resonance frequency offset are analyzed theoretically. After that, many kinds of piezoelectric wafers are analyzed, tested and optimized. The displacement of the 50mm piezoelectric wafers with improved parameters is 0.5mm at 400V voltage. Secondly, the data acquisition, analysis and control program of the sound lining system are compiled by using LabVIEW software based on transmission loss and noise frequency respectively, and the corresponding driving voltage control circuit based on Guang Min resistance is designed. The test results show that when the output voltage of the acquisition card is from 2.1 V to 4.0 V, the output voltage of the driving circuit is from 0 V to 400 V, which realizes the automatic adjustment of the driving voltage of the sound lining. Finally, the testing device of the sound lining system is constructed. The anechoic effect of the piezoelectric liner of 35mm and 50mm double-stage cavity is processed and tested respectively. The results show that the piezoelectric liner of 50mm double-stage cavity has a larger frequency band offset, which is within the voltage range of 0V-200V. The anechoic frequency band can realize the offset of about 200Hz. In addition, an adaptive acoustic lining control system is designed. Taking the 35mm piezoelectric acoustic lining as an example, the range of frequency modulation is from 750Hz to 782Hz, and the noise reduction can reach 5dB. The research shows that the adaptive control system of the adjustable frequency piezoelectric lining can make the noise frequency band of the adjustable frequency piezoelectric lining shift with the change of the noise frequency, that is to say, the range of the noise attenuation frequency of the adjustable frequency piezoelectric lining can be broadened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB535

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 溫建強(qiáng);章力旺;;壓電材料的研究新進(jìn)展[J];應(yīng)用聲學(xué);2013年05期

2 呂海峰;潘宏俠;黃晉英;;一種調(diào)頻式共振消聲器的設(shè)計(jì)[J];振動(dòng).測試與診斷;2012年06期

3 ;Modeling and Optimal Design of 3 Degrees of Freedom Helmholtz Resonator in Hydraulic System[J];Chinese Journal of Aeronautics;2012年05期

4 蒙延慶;;壓電陶瓷換能器的研究與應(yīng)用[J];山東輕工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2012年03期

5 付曉鷗;;壓電材料的物理特性及應(yīng)用[J];職業(yè);2012年03期

6 張穎異;李運(yùn)剛;田穎;;先進(jìn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)高溫材料的研究進(jìn)展[J];飛航導(dǎo)彈;2011年12期

7 胡笑奇;張建輝;黃毅;;仿尾鰭壓電雙晶片無閥泵的模擬與試驗(yàn)[J];振動(dòng).測試與診斷;2011年02期

8 閻瑾瑜;;壓電效應(yīng)及其在材料方面的應(yīng)用[J];數(shù)字技術(shù)與應(yīng)用;2011年01期

9 敖慶波;湯慧萍;朱紀(jì)磊;王建永;;航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)高溫聲襯材料的研究現(xiàn)狀[J];材料導(dǎo)報(bào);2009年S1期

10 闞君武;唐可洪;王淑云;楊志剛;賈杰;曾平;;壓電懸臂梁發(fā)電裝置的建模與仿真分析[J];光學(xué)精密工程;2008年01期

，

本文編號：2436783