【摘要】：機械振動無處不在，研究如何減小機械振動是一個重要的課題。常用的阻尼器一般通過自身儲存和消耗振動能量的方式進行減振，缺乏自我調(diào)節(jié)能力。為此，迫切需要一種具有良好可控性和非線性特征的智能阻尼器。 磁流變液阻尼器是一種可以通過調(diào)節(jié)外加電流的大小控制阻尼力的智能器件。目前關于磁流變液阻尼器減振的研究主要集中在控制阻尼力較大的振動，而對一些需要較小阻尼力的振動研究較少。而且，傳統(tǒng)磁流變液阻尼器的工作缸內(nèi)部需要充滿磁流變液，為防止泄漏需要專門設計相應的密封裝置；同時，磁流變液中硬質(zhì)磁性顆粒的存在不可避免的會與密封裝置產(chǎn)生摩擦，從而對阻尼器造成磨損，影響了其使用壽命。 以國家自然科學基金項目和上海市聯(lián)盟計劃項目為背景，論文針對將孔泡沫金屬應用于磁流變液阻尼器的關鍵機理展開研究，開發(fā)了一款基于多孔泡沫金屬的磁流變液阻尼器，并設計了其性能測試系統(tǒng)，對所開發(fā)的阻尼器的性能進行了測試。研究的主要內(nèi)容如下： ①研究了磁流變液在多孔泡沫金屬中的流動 從計算流體動力學基本控制方程出發(fā)，基于磁流體動力學和麥克斯韋方程，建立了磁流變液在泡沫金屬中流動的控制方程；應用有限體積法，模擬仿真了磁流變液在多孔泡沫金屬中的流動，得到了壓強和速度分布。 ②分別從理論和實驗兩個方面研究了磁流變液的法向應力 將磁流變液簡化為橢圓球狀，建立了磁場能量法的磁流變液法向力模型。為研究磁流變液的靜態(tài)法向力和穩(wěn)態(tài)剪切法向力，利用平行板型流變儀，首先研究了測試時間、磁場強度和溫度對靜態(tài)法向力的影響，而對于剪切模式下的穩(wěn)態(tài)法向力，還研究了其與剪切速率的關系。同時，還研究了間距與磁場強度的關系，分別將平均穩(wěn)態(tài)法向力和剪切應力、靜態(tài)法向力和穩(wěn)態(tài)法向力進行了比較，并從磁性顆粒微觀結(jié)構(gòu)演變的角度，闡釋了磁場作用下磁流變液法向力的產(chǎn)生機理。 ③研究了儲存在泡沫金屬中磁流變液的法向力 在研究磁流變液法向力基礎上，利用平板型流變儀實驗研究了測試時間、磁場強度、溫度、剪切應變及振蕩頻率對儲存在多孔泡沫金屬中磁流變液靜態(tài)法向力和振蕩剪切法向力的影響。 ④研制了一套多孔泡沫金屬磁流變液阻尼器樣機 研制了一種基于多孔泡沫金屬的磁流變液阻尼器，不僅結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，成本低，而且可以防止泄漏，適用于小阻尼力的減振。詳細闡述了阻尼器的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理，并對磁阻進行了計算；然后，利用有限元仿真得到阻尼器內(nèi)部的磁場分布，詳細分析并討論了電流、泡沫金屬及泡沫金屬材料對磁場強度的影響；最后，通過計算不同泡沫金屬材料對剪切間隙內(nèi)部磁阻的影響，分析了孔泡沫金屬磁流變液阻尼器的磁特性。 ⑤研究了多孔泡沫金屬磁流變液阻尼器的力學性能及動態(tài)響應時間 針對多孔泡沫金屬磁流變液阻尼器，自行設計并搭建了一套性能測試系統(tǒng)。實驗研究了外部電流、剪切速度、多孔泡沫金屬材料與阻尼力及響應時間的關系，同時，還研究了剩磁對力學性能的影響；基于牛頓第二定律建立了動態(tài)響應時間計算模型，通過一個動態(tài)響應時間的算例，分析了影響動態(tài)響應時間誤差的原因。 ⑥研究了多孔泡沫金屬磁流變液阻尼器的阻尼力特性，建立了神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡模型 針對模擬仿真和實驗結(jié)果，根據(jù)牛頓第二定律及伯努利方程，推導了磁流變液在泡沫金屬中流動的能量損失方程，，得到了局部水頭損失和沿程損失，發(fā)現(xiàn)局部能量損失是機械能損失的主要原因。利用將多孔泡沫金屬里的磁流變液等效為環(huán)形體積的方法，得到了產(chǎn)生磁流變液效應的有效磁流變液體積，推導了多孔泡沫金屬磁流變液阻尼器的阻尼力計算模型。最后，根據(jù)阻尼力特性，結(jié)合實驗數(shù)據(jù)，利用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡，建立了阻尼器的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡模型。結(jié)果表明，利用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡模型預測得到的阻尼力與實驗結(jié)果吻合較好。
[Abstract]:Mechanical vibration is everywhere, and it is an important subject to study how to reduce mechanical vibration. The commonly used dampers are generally damped by their own storage and vibration energy, and lack of self-regulation. To this end, there is an urgent need for an intelligent damper with good controllability and non-linear characteristics. The magneto-rheological fluid damper is an intelligent device which can control the damping force by adjusting the magnitude of the applied current. At present, the research on the damping of the damper of the magneto-rheological fluid is mainly focused on the control of the large vibration of the damping force, while the research on the vibration of the damper with smaller damping force is less In addition, the inner part of the working cylinder of the traditional magneto-rheological fluid damper needs to be filled with the magnetorheological fluid, so that the corresponding sealing device is specially designed to prevent the leakage; meanwhile, the existence of the hard magnetic particles in the magnetorheological fluid is inevitable, the friction is generated by the sealing device, and the abrasion of the damper is caused Loss, affecting its use life Based on the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China and the project of Shanghai Alliance, the paper has developed a magneto-rheological fluid damper based on porous foam metal for the research of the key mechanism of applying the porous foam metal to the magnetorheological fluid damper. Test system for performance of developed dampers in the main part of the study. The capacity of the magneto-rheological fluid in the porous foam is studied as follows: From the basic control equation of the computational fluid dynamics, the flow of the metal is based on the magnetohydrodynamic and Maxwell equations, and the magneto-rheological fluid is established in the foam metal. The flow control equation is applied, and the flow of the magneto-rheological fluid in the porous foam metal is simulated by the finite volume method. The pressure and velocity distribution are studied from two aspects: theory and experiment, respectively. The magnetic rheological fluid is simplified into an elliptical spherical shape by the normal stress of the magneto-rheological fluid, and the energy of the magnetic field is established. In order to study the static and steady-state shearing method of the magneto-rheological fluid, the influence of the test time, the magnetic field strength and the temperature on the static method is first studied. The relation between the distance and the magnetic field strength is also studied. The mean steady-state method is also used to compare the force and shear stress, the static method to the force and the steady-state method, and from the angle of the microstructure evolution of the magnetic particles, the magnetic field under the action of the magnetic field is explained. The mechanism of the flow of the rheological fluid to the force. The method of applying the magneto-rheological fluid to the foam metal is based on the study of the force of the magneto-rheological fluid, and the plate-type rheometer is used to experiment. The test time, the magnetic field strength, the temperature, the shear strain and the oscillation frequency are studied to keep the magneto-rheological fluid in the porous foam metal. The Influence of the State-to-State Method on the Force and the Shear Force of the Oscillating Shear A porous foam metal-based magneto-rheological fluid damper is developed, which is simple in structure and low in cost. The structure and working principle of the damper are described in detail, and the magnetic resistance is calculated; then, the magnetic field distribution inside the damper is obtained by using the finite element simulation, and the current and the foam gold are analyzed in detail. and finally, the influence of different foam metal materials on the internal resistance of the shearing gap is calculated, The magnetic properties of the porous foam metal magneto-rheological fluid damper are analyzed. The mechanical properties and dynamic response time of the foam metal magneto-rheological fluid damper are based on the porous foam metal The relationship between the external current, the shear rate, the porous foam metal material and the damping force and the response time is studied, and the influence of the remanence on the mechanical properties is also studied. State response time calculation model, through a dynamic response In this paper, the reason of the time error of dynamic response time is analyzed, and the porous bubble is studied. The damping force characteristics of a metal-metal magneto-rheological fluid damper are established, and a neural network model is established to simulate the simulation and the experimental results, according to the Newton's second law and the primary The energy loss equation of the flow of the magneto-rheological fluid in the foam metal is derived, and the local water head is obtained. The main reason for the loss of mechanical energy is that the loss of the mechanical energy is the main cause of the loss of mechanical energy. The effective magneto-rheological fluid for generating the effect of the magneto-rheological fluid is obtained by the method of the equivalent of the magneto-rheological fluid in the porous foam metal to the annular volume. In this paper, the damping force calculation model of the porous foam metal magneto-rheological fluid damper is derived, and finally, the damping force calculation model of the porous foam metal magneto-rheological fluid damper is combined, In this paper, the neural network model of the damper is established by using the BP neural network.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535.1

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