【摘要】：工業(yè)裝備的日益高參數(shù)化，給其旋轉(zhuǎn)軸密封提出苛刻的要求：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔、壽命長(zhǎng)、性能穩(wěn)定、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。干氣密封因其具有泄漏量少、磨損小、能耗低、壽命長(zhǎng)、操作簡(jiǎn)單可靠且不易受油污染等特點(diǎn)，逐漸成為轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)設(shè)備中軸密封的主流。根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)方向，干氣密封可分為單向旋轉(zhuǎn)式和雙向旋轉(zhuǎn)式，槽型結(jié)構(gòu)的非對(duì)稱(chēng)性，使得單向旋轉(zhuǎn)式非接觸式機(jī)械密封只能在正轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)工作，而在反向運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)不能。在干氣密封中，，具有對(duì)稱(chēng)槽型、在正反向旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)均能建立起隔離動(dòng)靜環(huán)硬性固相接觸動(dòng)壓的雙向旋轉(zhuǎn)式T型槽干氣密封，引起了人們愈來(lái)愈多的關(guān)注。本文針對(duì)T型槽干氣密封的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究，其主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下： 選擇T型槽干氣密封啟動(dòng)、運(yùn)行及停車(chē)三個(gè)階段對(duì)其穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行研究，按照干氣密封理論推導(dǎo)、仿真計(jì)算及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究三者結(jié)合驗(yàn)證這一技術(shù)路線(xiàn)，對(duì)影響T型槽干氣密封的穩(wěn)定性參數(shù)及如何提高T型槽干氣密封的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行研究和討論。 鑒于啟動(dòng)及停車(chē)階段的干摩擦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)穩(wěn)定性影響最大，也是造成干氣密封早期失效的主因。產(chǎn)生失效的主因是密封副較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)行在轉(zhuǎn)速未達(dá)到密封副分離要求的開(kāi)啟轉(zhuǎn)速下，對(duì)此階段開(kāi)啟轉(zhuǎn)速的研究有助于密封副在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)到計(jì)算開(kāi)啟轉(zhuǎn)速，以減少干摩擦對(duì)穩(wěn)定性的影響。避免干氣密封早期失效后，其穩(wěn)定性主要體現(xiàn)于正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)階段，需對(duì)此階段穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行深入分析。 采用故障樹(shù)分析法對(duì)干氣密封系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了分析，得出影響干氣密封穩(wěn)定性運(yùn)行的主要因素。并依據(jù)仿真分析得出T型槽各參數(shù)對(duì)密封性能的影響權(quán)重，定義出影響干氣密封穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性參數(shù)：開(kāi)啟力、開(kāi)啟轉(zhuǎn)速、氣膜剛度、端面溫度、摩擦功耗、端面扭矩及泄漏量。相關(guān)的理論計(jì)算、仿真模擬及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究都圍繞穩(wěn)定性參數(shù)進(jìn)行。 在仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)中，依據(jù)較大氣膜開(kāi)啟力及氣膜剛度有利于干氣密封穩(wěn)定性的提高，對(duì)雙向旋轉(zhuǎn)式T型槽進(jìn)行了槽型優(yōu)化分析。通過(guò)Mesh-free法對(duì)Reynolds進(jìn)行了無(wú)量綱化處理，對(duì)T型槽干氣密封流體動(dòng)、靜壓的產(chǎn)生、壓力分布、承載能力進(jìn)行了分析計(jì)算。得到了流場(chǎng)壓力分布的規(guī)律特征，并得出了動(dòng)靜壓在密封端面的三維分布視圖，再此基礎(chǔ)上，參考分布規(guī)律及最大開(kāi)啟力，進(jìn)一步運(yùn)用Fluent軟件對(duì)不同參數(shù)T型槽進(jìn)行了大量的仿真優(yōu)化計(jì)算，并將優(yōu)化后所得槽型與原槽形在端面開(kāi)啟力、氣膜剛度及泄漏量上作了對(duì)比分析，獲得了開(kāi)啟力及氣膜剛度有較大提升的新型槽型—OTG。 基于PH線(xiàn)性法，將非線(xiàn)性偏微分方程轉(zhuǎn)化為線(xiàn)性偏微分方程，近似求得了T型槽槽內(nèi)氣體動(dòng)壓分布的解析解，得出了穩(wěn)定性參數(shù)表達(dá)式，并從結(jié)構(gòu)上提出了防止和減輕此階段的摩擦磨損設(shè)計(jì)方案。同時(shí)考慮軸向微擾及角向擺動(dòng)時(shí)的影響，建立了此時(shí)的氣膜剛度表達(dá)式，繪制了干氣密封穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行特性曲線(xiàn)，提出了干氣密封的運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性判據(jù)。 在實(shí)驗(yàn)參數(shù)測(cè)定方面，對(duì)T型槽干氣密封實(shí)驗(yàn)中主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、扭矩、端面溫度、端面壓力等參數(shù)進(jìn)行了測(cè)量。一方面與仿真模擬得出的規(guī)律進(jìn)行對(duì)比，驗(yàn)證仿真模擬數(shù)據(jù)的正確性；另一方面通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得的扭矩、端面溫度等參數(shù)確定開(kāi)啟轉(zhuǎn)速，同時(shí)通過(guò)外部干擾研究密封穩(wěn)定性能，得出穩(wěn)定性參數(shù)區(qū)間。 本文的研究結(jié)果可以進(jìn)一步提高雙向旋轉(zhuǎn)式機(jī)械密封系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，為進(jìn)一步深入開(kāi)展T型槽干氣密封的研究及應(yīng)用提供了基礎(chǔ)和參考，也為干氣密封的設(shè)計(jì)和工業(yè)應(yīng)用提供了必要的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The industrial equipment is becoming more and more parameters, and it is required to seal the rotating shaft seal: the structure is simple, the service life is long, the performance is stable, and the adaptability is strong. The dry-air seal has the characteristics of little leakage, small abrasion, low energy consumption, long service life, simple and reliable operation, and is not easy to be polluted by oil and the like, and gradually becomes the main flow of the shaft seal of the rotating equipment. According to the direction of rotation, the dry-air seal can be divided into one-way rotary type and two-way rotary type, and the non-symmetry of the groove-type structure makes the one-way rotary non-contact type mechanical seal can only work at the time of forward rotation, and can not be used in the reverse operation. in that dry-air seal, a two-way rotary type T-shaped groove dry-air seal with a symmetrical groove type and an isolating and static ring hard-solid joint touch pressure can be established in the forward and reverse rotation, so that more and more attention has been paid to. In this paper, the stability of the T-shaped groove dry-air seal is studied. The main contents and results are as follows: The stability of T-type tank dry-gas seal start-up, operation and shutdown is studied, and it is based on dry-gas seal theory. In this paper, the stability parameters of the T-type tank dry-air seal and the stability of the dry-air seal of the T-type tank are studied and discussed in the light of the combination of the pilot, the simulation calculation and the experimental study. In view of the fact that the dry friction running at the start and stop stages has the greatest influence on the stability, it is also the early failure of the dry-air seal. The main cause of the failure is that the main reason that the failure is caused is that the seal pair is operated for a long time, and at the opening rotation speed which does not reach the requirement of the seal auxiliary separation, the research on the opening speed of the stage helps the seal pair to reach the calculated opening rotation speed in the shortest time, so as to reduce the stability of the dry friction pair. The stability of the dry-gas seal is mainly reflected in the normal operation stage after the early failure of the dry-gas seal is avoided, and the stability of the stage is required to be deep In this paper, the dry-gas sealing system is analyzed by the fault tree analysis method, and the operation of the dry-gas sealing system is obtained. The influence weight of each parameter of the T-shaped groove on the sealing performance is obtained according to the simulation analysis, and the stability parameters affecting the stable operation of the dry-air seal are defined. The opening force, the opening speed, the air-film stiffness, the end-face temperature, the friction power consumption and the end-face torque are defined. Moment and amount of leakage. The relevant theoretical calculation, simulation and experimental study are all around the stability in that simulation experiment, the open force of the large air film and the stiffness of the air film are favorable to the improvement of the stability of the dry gas seal, and the two-way rotary T-shaped groove is The groove-type optimization analysis is carried out. The dimensionless treatment is carried out on Reynolds by the mesh-free method, and the production, pressure distribution and bearing capacity of the T-shaped groove dry-gas sealing fluid, the static pressure, the pressure distribution, the bearing capacity, The law of the pressure distribution of the flow field is obtained, and the three-dimensional distribution view of the dynamic and static pressure on the sealed end surface is obtained. On the basis of this, the distribution law and the maximum opening force are used to further use the Fluent software to carry out a large amount of the T-shaped grooves with different parameters. The simulation and optimization calculation is carried out, and compared with the original groove shape on the end face opening force, the air film stiffness and the leakage amount after the optimization, the opening force and the air film stiffness are greatly improved. Based on the PH linear method, the nonlinear partial differential equation is converted into a linear partial differential equation, and the analytical solution of the dynamic pressure distribution in the T-shaped groove is obtained. The expression of the stability parameter is obtained, and the prevention and mitigation of this stage are put forward from the structure. At the same time, considering the influence of axial micro-interference and angle-to-swing, this paper establishes the expression of the gas-film stiffness at this time, and draws the curve of the stable operating characteristic of the dry-gas seal, and puts forward the dry air-tightness. The operation stability criterion of the seal is the main shaft rotating speed, the torque, the end face temperature and the end in the T-shaped groove dry-air sealing experiment in the aspects of the measurement of the experimental parameters. The parameters such as surface pressure and so on are measured. On the one hand, compared with the law obtained by the simulation, the correctness of the simulation data is verified; on the other hand, the open rotating speed is determined by the parameters such as the measured torque and the end surface temperature, and the sealing stability is studied by external interference The results of this paper can further improve the stability of the two-way rotary mechanical seal system and provide the basis and reference for the further research and application of the dry-air seal of the T-groove, and also the design and work of the dry-air seal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB42

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