【摘要】：衛(wèi)星包裝箱運(yùn)輸過程中要經(jīng)歷海運(yùn),陸運(yùn)和空運(yùn),其中公路運(yùn)輸是三種運(yùn)輸環(huán)境中振幅最大的環(huán)境,當(dāng)外界激勵頻率和衛(wèi)星-包裝箱的某一階固有頻率相等時,會出現(xiàn)共振,共振會影響衛(wèi)星上某些部件的使用壽命,造成疲勞破壞,而衛(wèi)星包裝箱系統(tǒng)的固有頻率較難調(diào)整,因此本文針對這一問題采用外加動力吸振器的方法減振,對衛(wèi)星運(yùn)輸包裝箱用動力吸振器進(jìn)行減振特性分析和試驗(yàn),同時對兩自由度動力吸振器的理論進(jìn)行了推導(dǎo),分析和參數(shù)優(yōu)化。針對無阻尼單自由度動力吸振器理論,分析了質(zhì)量比和頻率比對次級共振頻率的影響。提出了當(dāng)被減振系統(tǒng)被等效為單自由度系統(tǒng)時,求解被減振系統(tǒng)等效質(zhì)量的方法。提出了針對動力吸振器參數(shù)的數(shù)值優(yōu)化方法。根據(jù)這種優(yōu)化方法得出了質(zhì)量比和對應(yīng)最優(yōu)頻率比,最優(yōu)阻尼比之間的關(guān)系,并且得出了單自由度吸振器質(zhì)量比對最優(yōu)減振效果的影響規(guī)律。建立了包裝箱-衛(wèi)星有限元模型,進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析,得出了對包裝箱-衛(wèi)星模型影響最大的模態(tài)陣型和對應(yīng)的模態(tài)頻率。對動力吸振器的安裝位置進(jìn)行分析,確定了動力吸振器的最終安裝位置,對動力吸振器的質(zhì)量進(jìn)行分析,確定了動力吸振器的質(zhì)量,并針對頻率和阻尼進(jìn)行仿真分析,確定了頻率和阻尼的取值范圍,為動力吸振器的試驗(yàn)和設(shè)計提供了指導(dǎo)。推導(dǎo)了兩種形式的兩自由度動力吸振器被減振系統(tǒng)的幅值表達(dá)式,總結(jié)了各參數(shù)對被減振系統(tǒng)幅值的影響規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩自由度吸振器的不動點(diǎn)規(guī)律。對兩自由度動力吸振器的各參數(shù)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值優(yōu)化,并將減振效果和單自由度動力吸振器的減振效果進(jìn)行了對比,結(jié)果表明兩自由度動力吸振器能比單自由度動力吸振器取得更好的減振效果。將兩自由度動力吸振器運(yùn)用到了衛(wèi)星運(yùn)輸包裝箱的減振系統(tǒng)的減振特性分析中。根據(jù)減振特性分析的結(jié)論對拉伸型和壓縮型鋼絲繩動力吸振器進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),總結(jié)出了鋼絲繩隔振器各參數(shù)在試驗(yàn)條件下的變化規(guī)律及在動力吸振器設(shè)計方面的可行性。針對模具彈簧設(shè)計了在無阻尼條件下的動力吸振器試驗(yàn),總結(jié)出了模具彈簧這一彈性元件各參數(shù)在試驗(yàn)條件下的變化規(guī)律。針對金屬橡膠和硅膠墊片這兩種阻尼元件和模具彈簧,鋼板質(zhì)量塊組合設(shè)計了動力吸振器,測試并總結(jié)了各阻尼元件的參數(shù)變化規(guī)律。根據(jù)分析和試驗(yàn)為衛(wèi)星包裝箱設(shè)計了動力吸振器。
[Abstract]:In the process of satellite packing box transportation, there are sea, land and air transportation. Among them, road transport is the environment with the largest amplitude of the three transport environments. When the external excitation frequency is equal to the natural frequency of a certain order of the satellite-packaging system, resonance will occur. Resonance will affect the service life of some components on the satellite and cause fatigue damage, while the natural frequency of the satellite packing box system is difficult to adjust. Therefore, the method of external dynamic vibration absorber is used to reduce the vibration in this paper. The vibration absorption characteristics of the dynamic vibration absorber used in the satellite transportation package are analyzed and tested. The theory of the dynamic vibration absorber with two degrees of freedom is deduced, analyzed and optimized. Based on the theory of undamped single degree of freedom dynamic vibration absorber, the influence of mass ratio and frequency ratio on the secondary resonance frequency is analyzed. A method for solving the equivalent mass of the damped system is presented when the system is equivalent to a single-degree-of-freedom system. A numerical optimization method for dynamic vibration absorber parameters is proposed. According to this optimization method, the relationship between the mass ratio, the corresponding optimal frequency ratio and the optimal damping ratio is obtained, and the influence of the mass ratio of the single degree of freedom absorber on the optimal damping effect is obtained. The finite element model of package box and satellite is established and the modal analysis is carried out. The modal formation and corresponding modal frequency which have the greatest influence on the package box satellite model are obtained. The installation position of the dynamic vibration absorber is analyzed, the final installation position of the dynamic vibration absorber is determined, the quality of the dynamic vibration absorber is analyzed, the quality of the dynamic vibration absorber is determined, and the simulation analysis of frequency and damping is carried out. The range of frequency and damping is determined, which provides guidance for the test and design of dynamic vibration absorber. The amplitude expressions of two kinds of dynamic vibration absorbers with two degrees of freedom are derived. The influence of each parameter on the amplitude of the system is summarized, and the fixed point law of the vibration absorber with two degrees of freedom is found. The parameters of the dynamic vibration absorber with two degrees of freedom are numerically optimized, and the damping effect is compared with that of the single degree of freedom dynamic vibration absorber. The results show that the dynamic vibration absorber with two degrees of freedom is more effective than the dynamic vibration absorber with one degree of freedom. The dynamic vibration absorber with two degrees of freedom is applied to the analysis of the vibration absorption characteristics of the vibration absorption system of the satellite transportation package box. According to the conclusion of vibration absorption characteristic analysis, the dynamic vibration absorber of tension type and compression type steel wire rope is tested, and the variation law of the parameters of the vibration isolator of steel wire rope under the test conditions and the feasibility of the design of dynamic vibration absorber are summarized. The dynamic vibration absorber test of die spring under undamped condition is designed, and the variation law of the parameters of die spring, an elastic element, under the test condition is summarized. A dynamic vibration absorber is designed for metal rubber and silicone gasket as well as die spring and steel plate mass block. The parameters of each damping element are tested and summarized. According to the analysis and test, the dynamic vibration absorber is designed for the satellite packing box.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB535.1

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